--- title: "Tesla Q1 Revenue Hits Three-Year High Growth, Earnings Surpass Expectations, Cash Flow Doubles; Musk Forecasts Surge in Spending | Earnings Insights" type: "News" locale: "en" url: "https://longbridge.com/en/news/283732684.md" description: "In Q1, Tesla's total revenue and automotive business income both grew 16% year-over-year, citing a rebound in car demand across Europe and North America. Energy business revenue declined 12% after previously growing, while service revenue accelerated by 42%. Paid Robotaxi mileage nearly doubled quarter-over-quarter. Gross margin rose to 21%, reaching a three-year high. Capital expenditure was 40% lower than expected, with a $2 billion equity investment in SpaceX. Tesla stated that the collaboration with SpaceX aims to build the world's largest chip factory; Cortex 2 is now online, and R&D for custom Dojo 3 chips is progressing. Q2 will see preparations for an Optimus factory, with the first generation line targeting annual production of 1 million units and the second generation aiming for 10 million. After earnings, the stock initially rose over 4% in after-hours trading but fell back sharply after Musk announced significant spending increases. Following CFO comments that capital expenditure would exceed $25 billion this year, the stock turned down, dropping more than 2%" datetime: "2026-04-22T22:24:25.000Z" locales: - [zh-CN](https://longbridge.com/zh-CN/news/283732684.md) - [en](https://longbridge.com/en/news/283732684.md) - [zh-HK](https://longbridge.com/zh-HK/news/283732684.md) --- # Tesla Q1 Revenue Hits Three-Year High Growth, Earnings Surpass Expectations, Cash Flow Doubles; Musk Forecasts Surge in Spending | Earnings Insights Tesla delivered a quarterly report significantly stronger than Wall Street expectations, temporarily easing market concerns about slowing sales, margin pressure, and tight cash flow at the electric vehicle giant. However, company management revealed plans for massive investment, reigniting worries about the pressure from surging expenditures. On Wednesday evening Eastern Time, Tesla reported that first-quarter 2026 revenue grew at a double-digit rate year-over-year, marking its strongest growth in nearly three years and reversing the decline seen in the fourth quarter. Earnings per share (EPS) were more than 20% higher than analyst consensus estimates. Gross margins did not fall but instead rose, climbing to their highest level in over three years after returning to the 20% range in the previous quarter. Operating cash flow and free cash flow both outperformed the market's prior pessimistic pricing. Tesla emphasized in its report that the automotive business included one-time gains related to warranties and tariffs, while contributions from high-margin or improving segments such as services increased. Combined with declining raw material costs and positive currency effects, these factors collectively boosted profit performance. Tesla noted that car demand continues to grow in the Asia-Pacific and South American markets, while demand has rebounded in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and North America. Cash flow was the biggest "surprise" of the report. Wall Street had originally expected Tesla's first-quarter free cash flow to turn negative, but actual cash flow more than doubled year-over-year, with capital expenditure being 40% lower than analyst expectations. Although Tesla continues to ramp up investments in Cortex computing power, Dojo chips, autonomous ride-hailing services like Robotaxi, humanoid robot Optimus production lines, and vertical integration projects such as battery materials, at least based on the first-quarter results, the intensity of investment has not dragged down cash flow on the books. After the earnings release, Tesla's stock, which had risen only slightly by nearly 0.3% during regular hours on Wednesday, surged in after-hours trading, with gains exceeding 4%. Analysts believe the core driver of the after-hour strength was the combination of better-than-expected profits and cash flow, reinforced by progress narratives around Robotaxi and the Full Self-Driving (FSD) software. During the earnings call, Tesla CEO Elon Musk stated that the company plans to "significantly increase" future investments, with capital expenditure expected to grow substantially. The new Optimus factory in Texas is scheduled to begin production in 2027, next year. After Musk mentioned the anticipated surge in capital spending, Tesla's stock accelerated its retreat, giving back most of the after-hour gains. On the call, Tesla CFO Vaibhav Taneja stated that the company's capital expenditure this year will exceed $25 billion, surpassing the forecast of over $20 billion disclosed when Tesla released its fourth-quarter earnings. Tesla's stock wiped out all after-hour gains and turned lower, with the decline widening to more than 2%. Analysts suggest that, looking at the report itself, Tesla is using higher gross margins and increased service revenue to support investments across multiple fronts including Robotaxi, AI computing power, chips, robots, and battery materials. However, in the short term, what matters most to the stock market is: when will these investments translate into verifiable profits and cash flow? Haris Khurshid, Chief Investment Officer at Karobaar Capital, commented on Tesla's after-hour decline, noting that higher capital expenditure extends the payback period, and markets often react negatively to this in the short term. Investors like Tesla's narrative, but once they realize there is still much work to be done, they continuously adjust their strategies. ## Revenue Slightly Beats Expectations, Margins Rise Instead of Fall, Expenses Continue to Grow Tesla's total revenue for the first quarter of this year reached $22.387 billion, a 16% year-over-year increase, marking the highest growth rate since the second quarter of 2023, compared to a 3% year-over-year decline in the fourth quarter. Non-GAAP adjusted EPS for the first quarter grew 52% year-over-year to $0.41, 20.6% higher than the analyst expectation of $0.34, while the fourth quarter saw a 17% year-over-year decline. Breaking down by business segment: - Automotive business revenue was $16.234 billion, up 16% year-over-year, remaining the core business, though it fell 10% in the fourth quarter. - Energy generation and storage revenue was $2.408 billion, down 12% year-over-year, becoming the main drag, compared to a 25% year-over-year increase in the fourth quarter. - Services and other revenue was $3.745 billion, surging 42% year-over-year, becoming the largest source of incremental growth this quarter, up 18% in the fourth quarter. Improvements in gross margins were even more prominent: - Total gross profit for the first quarter was $4.72 billion, a 50% year-over-year increase, more than double the 20% growth seen in the fourth quarter. - GAAP gross margin improved from 20.1% in the fourth quarter to 21.1% in the first quarter, setting a single-quarter record high since the fourth quarter of 2022. This represents a 478 basis point year-over-year increase, whereas analysts had expected a gross margin of 17.7% for the quarter, representing only a 14 basis point year-over-year increase and a 24 basis point quarter-over-quarter decline. - Operating profit for the first quarter was $941 million, with an operating margin of 4.2%, an improvement of 214 basis points year-over-year, but a decline from the 5.7% operating margin in the fourth quarter, primarily due to the expansion of expenses. Regarding expenses, operating expenses for the first quarter reached $3.779 billion, a 37% year-over-year increase. Research and development expenses were $1.946 billion, and selling, general, and administrative expenses were $1.833 billion, both rising significantly. Tesla also pointed out in its report that AI and other R&D projects, CEO-related equity-based compensation (SBC), and SG&A expenses were key sources of expense growth. This implies that the "certainty" of short-term profit improvements still needs to be evaluated alongside the intensity of medium-to-long-term investments. ## Automotive Deliveries Rebound Year-Over-Year, But Inventory Days Increase Alongside "Regionalization" Strategy In terms of operational data, Tesla delivered 358,000 vehicles in the first quarter, a 6% year-over-year increase; production reached 408,400 units, up 13% year-over-year. According to Tesla's metrics, demand continued to grow in the Asia-Pacific (APAC) and South American markets, while demand rebounded in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa (EMEA) and North America. However, two structural signals need attention: 1. Rising inventory pressure: Global vehicle inventory "days of supply" rose to 27 days in the first quarter, higher than the 22 days recorded a year ago and the 15 days in the fourth quarter. While deliveries grew year-over-year, the increase in inventory days usually indicates that supply-demand matching is still adjusting, potentially relying further on promotions, financing solutions, product mix changes, or regional allocation to absorb inventory. 2. Product mix shifting toward "autonomous driving future": Tesla emphasized optimizing its vehicle lineup, continuing to roll out different versions of Model 3 and Y globally, including more affordable versions of both models and the Model YL outside China, and disclosed that Cybertruck has begun deliveries in the UAE. Tesla reiterated its expectation that the dedicated Robotaxi product, Cybercab, and Semi trucks will go into mass production this year. In other words, they are currently in the pilot production/preparation phase. This also means the "storyline" for the automotive business is transitioning further from "selling vehicle volume" to "fleet-oriented and service-oriented" models. ## Energy Business Revenue Declines, But Megapack 3 and Capacity Expansion Lay the Groundwork Tesla's energy generation and storage revenue for the first quarter was $2.408 billion, down 12% year-over-year; energy storage deployment decreased 15% year-over-year to 8.8 GWh, a sharp 38% quarter-over-quarter drop from the record levels of the fourth quarter. In Tesla's business rhythm, the energy segment is more susceptible to project recognition and delivery schedules, making quarterly fluctuations not uncommon. More noteworthy is the mid-term groundwork for capacity and product iteration. Tesla disclosed that progress continues on a new superfactory near Houston (Megafactory), which will produce Megapack 3 energy storage units for the Megablock system, with production expected to start later this year. Additionally, Tesla has begun large-scale deployment and delivery of solar panels designed in-house and manufactured at the New York Superfactory. Tesla stated that this new panel features 18 independent power generation zones, three times the number of traditional residential panels, allowing it to stably and efficiently output more electricity even in shaded environments. The product also achieves innovation in other areas, such as a more aesthetically pleasing design and a simpler, faster installation process. Commentators believe this highlights Tesla's emphasis on zoned power generation capabilities and installation efficiency. If energy storage shipments recover in the future, the contribution elasticity of the energy business to gross margins remains. ## Services and Software: FSD Subscriptions and Robotaxi Mileage Drive Acceleration in Non-Vehicle Revenue The most striking structural change this quarter comes from service and software-related revenue: services and other revenue totaled $3.745 billion, a massive 42% year-over-year increase. Breaking down the income statement, service business gross margins also improved significantly, with cost growth lagging behind revenue growth, making it one of the key forces boosting overall gross margins in the first quarter. Operational metrics disclosed by Tesla include: - FSD subscriptions reached 1.28 million, up 51% year-over-year and approximately 16% quarter-over-quarter. - Supervised FSD received approval in the Netherlands in April, paving the way for approvals in more EU countries. - Tesla began migrating Supervised FSD to a "subscription-only" model, aiming to enhance recurring revenue and penetration rates. Regarding Robotaxi, Tesla stated that paid Robotaxi mileage nearly doubled quarter-over-quarter in the first quarter. In April, Robotaxi services without human supervisors were expanded to Dallas and Houston, with unsupervised operations continuing to expand in Austin, while more US cities were disclosed as being in preparation stages. For the capital markets, such progress often has a greater impact on valuation than short-term delivery numbers: once Robotaxi moves from "small-scale operations" to "scalable replicability," Tesla's profit model will shift from "hardware gross margins" to a compound interest structure of "fleet + software." ## Q2 to Kick Off Optimus Factory Preparation; Second-Generation Line Targets 10 Million Units Annually In the robotics sector, Tesla disclosed that preparations for its first large-scale Optimus factory will officially commence in the second quarter. This first-generation line, designed for an annual production capacity of 1 million robots, will replace the existing Model S and Model X production lines at the Fremont factory in California. Additionally, Tesla is preparing a second-generation line at its Texas Superfactory, with a design goal of achieving a long-term annual production capacity of 10 million robots. ## AI and Vertical Integration: Cortex 2 Online, Dojo 3 Progressing Amidst Custom Chips and Capacity Bottlenecks Regarding AI infrastructure, Tesla disclosed that the second-generation AI training supercomputer cluster—Cortex 2—at the Texas Superfactory is now online and handling training loads. It is continuously expanding on-site training infrastructure to ensure sufficient computing resources for the development of the company's AI products and services. Simultaneously, Tesla continues to advance R&D on custom chips based on the supercomputer project Dojo 3, aiming to gradually reduce training costs over time. More aggressively, Tesla proposed expanding into semiconductor manufacturing. The company stated that its collaboration with SpaceX aims to build the largest chip factory in history, starting with a research wafer fab within the Texas factory campus. Tesla confirmed that tape-out for the next-generation AI inference processor was completed in April. On the battery and materials front, Tesla's LFP cell production line in Nevada has begun ramping up, while cathode materials and lithium refining are advancing in Texas. The company emphasized that "battery pack capacity remains the bottleneck for full vehicle ramp-up." Such statements typically imply that short-term deliveries are determined more by supply chain and manufacturing rhythms than simply having orders. ## Free Cash Flow Far Exceeds Expectations; Low Capital Expenditure May Reflect Timing Rather Than Intensity Change In the first quarter, Tesla reported: - Operating cash flow of $3.937 billion, up 83% year-over-year. - Capital expenditure of $2.493 billion, up 67% year-over-year, approximately 40.4% lower than the analyst expectation of $4.18 billion. - Free cash flow of $1.444 billion, up 117% year-over-year, whereas analysts had expected -$1.86 billion; the fourth quarter saw a 30% year-over-year decline to $1.42 billion. Tesla's capital expenditure being lower than expected was one of the key reasons for the free cash flow exceeding expectations, but it should not be simply interpreted as a contraction in investment. Tesla repeatedly emphasized in its report that it is advancing several multi-year infrastructure initiatives (computing power, solar, battery materials, semiconductor manufacturing, Cybercab/Semi/Megapack 3, Optimus factories, etc.). From this perspective, spending appears to be swinging between quarters while the overall direction of growth remains unchanged. Regarding the balance sheet, as of the end of the first quarter, Tesla's cash and short-term investments stood at $44.743 billion, an increase of approximately $700 million quarter-over-quarter. The company disclosed that alongside the cash increase, there was a $2.002 billion equity investment in SpaceX, indicating that liquidity remains ample and the company is willing to deepen ties within the "AI ecosystem/alliance chain." ### Related Stocks - [TSLA.US](https://longbridge.com/en/quote/TSLA.US.md) - [TSL.US](https://longbridge.com/en/quote/TSL.US.md) - [TSLR.US](https://longbridge.com/en/quote/TSLR.US.md) - [TSLL.US](https://longbridge.com/en/quote/TSLL.US.md) - [TSLT.US](https://longbridge.com/en/quote/TSLT.US.md) - [TSLG.US](https://longbridge.com/en/quote/TSLG.US.md) - [TESL.US](https://longbridge.com/en/quote/TESL.US.md) ## Related News & Research - [French prosecutors await Musk in X probe, unclear if he will comply](https://longbridge.com/en/news/283362398.md) - [Tesla revenue misses estimates as demand weakens](https://longbridge.com/en/news/283716338.md) - [EXCLUSIVE: Ross Gerber Says Tesla Robotaxi Rollout Is A Distraction Before Q1 Earnings — Why He Thinks Elon Musk 'Changed The Narrative'](https://longbridge.com/en/news/283696988.md) - [Tesla stock set to finally break losing streak just in time for earnings](https://longbridge.com/en/news/283126046.md) - [Musk bought $1.4 billion SpaceX shares last year, The Information reports](https://longbridge.com/en/news/283456588.md)