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During the bull-bear transition in 2020-2021, the two biggest lessons I personally learned are:

1. Don't buy junk stocks, poor businesses, or bad companies during a bull market. In the early stages of a bull market, it's often these companies that surge the most. For example, in the last cycle, companies like $Kingsoft Cloud(KC.US).

2. Some companies may seem decent, and it's hard to outright call them bad businesses. In such cases, refer to the second rule: No company is a must-buy. There will always be someone making more money than you, and there will always be stocks outperforming your portfolio. Take today's $SMIC(00981.HK) as an example.