<div id="readability-page-1">Money Personal Finance How Retirement Investment Strategy Impacts Retirement Spending ByJames Brewer ,  Contributor.  Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. Empowering smarter money moves. Follow Author Apr 28, 2025, 05:59pm EDT Share Save Comment Couple learning about retirement investment strategies  getty  When it comes to retirement planning, most people know they need to save, but few understand how certain retirement investment strategies can impact the amount of income they’ll actually have.  In this article, we’ll explore four different retirement investment strategies and how each affects your ability to replace 70% of your pre-retirement income:  100% All Country World Index (ACWI ETF)  60% All Country World Index (ACWI ETF) and 40% US Aggregate Bond (AGG ETF)  20% All Country World Index (ACWI ETF) and 80% US Aggregate Bond (AGG ETF)  100% All Country World Index (ACWI) before retirement, switching to 60% ACWI / 40% AGG ETF at retirement  The MSCI ACWI (All Country World Index ) captures large and mid-cap representation across 23 Developed Markets (DM) and 24 Emerging Markets (EM) countries. With 2,558 constituents, the index covers approximately 85% of the global investable equity opportunity set. For a complete description of the index methodology, please see Index methodology. For investment purposes, I use the iShares MSCI ACWI ETF which seeks to track the investment results.  The S&amp;P U.S. Aggregate Bond Index is designed to measure the performance of publicly issued U.S. dollar denominated investment-grade debt. The index is part of the S&amp;P Aggregate™ Bond Index family and includes U.S. treasuries, quasi-governments, corporates, taxable municipal bonds, foreign agency, supranational, federal agency, and non-U.S. debentures, covered bonds, and residential mortgage pass-throughs. It has 15,071 constituents. For investment purposes, I use the iShares Core U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF which seeks to track it.  Here’s the sample case we’ll follow:  Age: 45  Salary: $100,000  Saving: 10% of salary  Employer Match: 3%  Current 401(k) Balance: $200,000  Goal: Replace 70% of income at Full Retirement Age (67)  Salary Growth: 2.5% per year  Lifespan: Until age 100  We’ll also assume the client will qualify for Social Security benefits, which adjust with inflation.  Future salary and contribution growth  With salary increasing 2.5% per year:  Salary at 67: $184,475  Annual retirement contributions:  MORE FOR YOU ‘It’s Imminent’—U.S. Dollar Fed Warning Braces Bitcoin For A BlackRock ‘Megaforce’ Price Shock Microsoft Confirms $1.50 Windows Security Update Hotpatch Fee Starts July 1 Google’s Gmail Upgrade—Why You Need To Change Your App  13% of salary (10% employee + 3% employer match).  Total future contributions: about $537,000 in future dollars.  Social Security estimate  Using the Social Security Benefits Estimator, this worker could expect about $40,000–$45,000/year starting at full retirement age.  Retirement income goal  Target annual retirement income:  70% of $184,475 = $129,133 (before taxes).  Income Sources:  Social Security (~$43,000/year)  Remaining ~$86,133/year must come from 401(k) savings.  Based on these assumed, but not guaranteed, average returns:  ACWI (stocks): 7%  AGG (bonds): 3%  Growth of different retirement investment strategies  Here’s what each retirement investment mix could grow to by retirement:  Retirement investment portfolio mixes  Envision Wealth Planning Inc.  Note: In the new transition strategy,100% ACWI Pre/60/40 Post, the account grows 100% ACWI until retirement, then rebalances into 60/40 for safer withdrawals.  Retirement Income from 401(k) + Social Security  Using a 4% withdrawal* (source: Investopedia):  Portfolio strategy and resulting income  Envision Wealth Planning Inc.  *Note: I am not advocating for 4% withdrawal. It is used here to illustrate the results with that assumption. I advocate working with a designated professional familiar with withdrawal strategies to personalize.  Shortfall vs. Goal ($129,133):  100% ACWI: ~$23,893 short  60/40 Mix: ~$38,213 short  20/80 Mix: ~$51,453 short  Transition Strategy: ~$23,893 short (but safer in retirement)  How the retirement investment strategy strategy can help  The 100% ACWI pre-retirement / 60/40 post-retirement approach offers:  Higher growth while working: Captures full market upside.  Lower risk while retired: Protects principal from big market crashes during withdrawals.  This helps balance growth and safety, reducing the risk of running out of money later in life. In my Forbes article on maximizing Roth strategies, I discuss similar risk management ideas for building tax-smart, diversified retirement income streams.  Options to close the retirement incomegap  Even the most aggressive strategy leaves a shortfall. Here’s how to fix it:  1. Save More Each Year  Boost contributions percentage each year.  2. Delay Retirement  Waiting until 70 raises Social Security by about 8% annually.  3. Add Roth Accounts  Tax-free income from Roth IRAs and Roth 401(k) s can ease the burden. My article on Roth conversions explains how smart tax moves today can lower taxes later.  4. Adjust Lifestyle Expectations  Planning for a 5-10% lower spending target could make a huge difference in retirement security.  Key retirement investment and income takeaways  All-stocks gives the highest growth but comes with higher risk of big losses — right when you may not have time to recover.  Balanced portfolios reduce the ups and downs but may not grow enough alone.  Transition strategies like starting aggressive and rebalancing at retirement give the best of both worlds.  Final thoughts on retirement investment strategies  Retirement investment strategy is a key component of creating future retirement income. Planning for retirement isn't just about picking a number. It's about building a living, breathing strategy that adapts to life’s changes.  Working with a designated and fiduciary financial planner, such as a Certified Financial Planner, can help you build a personalized plan that keeps growing while protecting what you’ve worked so hard to build.  By using smart retirement investment choices, increasing savings, and planning taxes wisely, you can make sure your retirement isn't just comfortable — it’s secure.  p LinkedIn. Check out my website. Editorial Standards Forbes Accolades</div>

全球 MSCI ETF - iShares

美國債券綜合指數 ETF - iShares

ACWI

<p>本文討論了不同的退休投資策略如何影響退休後的收入替代率。文章探討了四種策略：100% ACWI ETF、60% ACWI/40% AGG ETF、20% ACWI/80% AGG ETF，以及從 100% ACWI 過渡到 60/40 的退休策略。分析包括一個樣本案例，目標是替代退休前收入的 70%，強調了潛在的收入缺口和彌補收入差距的策略，如增加供款、推遲退休和調整生活方式預期</p>

退休投資策略對退休支出的影響