<p><img src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://s.yimg.com/ny/api/res/1.2/cC1WJS_yuMinm8zV0I.yoQ--/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjt3PTEyNDI7aD04MjY-/https://media.zenfs.com/en/afp.com.sg/6ac67b273f57b159fab267db1bae5ecc?x-oss-process=image/auto-orient,1/interlace,1/resize,w_1440,h_1440/quality,q_95/format,jpg" alt="" original-src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://s.yimg.com/ny/api/res/1.2/cC1WJS_yuMinm8zV0I.yoQ--/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjt3PTEyNDI7aD04MjY-/https://media.zenfs.com/en/afp.com.sg/6ac67b273f57b159fab267db1bae5ecc"/></p>
<p>自伊朗戰爭爆發以來，航空燃料成本已翻了一番以上。</p>
<p>在中東持續六週的戰爭衝擊下，航空公司紛紛削減航線和成本，因為燃料賬單激增，謹慎的客户對旅行計劃三思而後行，這種情況即使在脆弱的停火協議下也可能持續。</p>
<p>航空公司在海灣地區基本停止了航班，法航本週宣佈將暫停航班延長至 5 月 3 日——一位消息人士表示，此決定是在本週美國與伊朗之間的停火之前做出的。</p>
<p>由於無法確定航空燃料價格是否會回到戰爭前的低點，首席執行官們不得不重新考慮擴張計劃和飛機訂單。</p>
<p>法國蒙彼利埃商學院的航空專家保羅·基安巴雷託表示：“航空業正遭受兩次同時衝擊：燃料價格的急劇上漲，這是航空公司最大的或第二大開支，以及需求衝擊，乘客決定觀望。”</p>
<p>在戰爭爆發前，航空燃料的價格約為每噸 830 美元，而在四月初超過每噸 1800 美元，週三仍維持在 1786 美元。</p>
<p>法國航空聯合會（FNAM）主席帕斯卡爾·德·伊扎吉爾對《論壇報》表示：“這絕對是巨大的。”</p>
<p>他説，燃料通常佔航空公司運營成本的 25% 到 30%，但在當前價格下，現在佔到了 45%。</p>
<p>- 固定附加費？ -</p>
<p>為了保持盈利，票價已被提高，一些航班因飛機未滿而被暫停或無限期取消。</p>
<p>越南航空甚至在四月開始每週取消約 20 個國內航班，原因是缺乏航空燃料。</p>
<p>許多航空公司已經施加了燃油附加費，這可能會變得頑固，特別是如果在未來幾個月內未能顯著減少機票銷售的話。</p>
<p>德·伊扎吉爾表示，儘管目前的燃油附加費 “遠遠太低”，無法抵消更高的成本，但 “航空公司擔心如果漲幅過大會產生負面影響。”</p>
<p>但香港航空巨頭國泰航空自二月以來已多次提高附加費，即使在宣佈增加前往歐洲的航班以應對所謂的 “市場需求激增” 時。</p>
<p>行業高管們在思考中東動盪是否會促使人們在更長時間內改變旅行計劃，可能會平衡區域航線暫停的影響。</p>
<p>一些航空公司表示，他們計劃在十月之前不恢復前往中東的航班。</p>
<p>如果油價保持高位並導致廣泛的通貨膨脹，壓縮消費能力，企業和個人可能會決定限制在機票上的支出。</p>
<p>瑞安航空首席執行官邁克爾·奧利裏上個月表示，飛行習慣已經在發生變化。</p>
<p>他説：“我認為，原本計劃去中東或飛越中東度過復活節假期的人們現在正在轉向葡萄牙、西班牙、南法、意大利和希臘。”</p>
<p>- 新常態？ -</p>
<p>戰爭的爆發也對中東大型樞紐的商業模式造成了嚴重破壞，這些樞紐依賴於來自美洲、歐洲和亞洲的長途航班的穩定客流。</p>
<p>由於德黑蘭在該地區的報復性打擊，迪拜、卡塔爾和阿布扎比的機場被迫關閉，導致數以萬計的航班被取消，影響了數百萬乘客。</p>
<p>在戰爭爆發前，迪拜是全球第二大客流量機場，僅次於亞特蘭大，而多哈的客流量與香港或法蘭克福相當。</p>
<p>自那時起，擁有長途飛機的歐洲和亞洲航空公司已開始在兩個地區之間開通直飛航班，完全繞過海灣樞紐。</p>
<p>即使在重新開放後，這些機場也不太可能在短期內恢復到滿負荷運轉，只有在燃料價格如預期回落的情況下。</p>
<p>國際航空運輸協會（IATA）總監威利·沃爾什本週警告稱，如果停火成功，航空燃料供應和價格恢復正常仍需數月時間。</p>
<p>沃爾什表示：“我認為這不會在幾周內發生。”</p>
<p>fmp/js/st</p>

<p>航空公司正面臨重大挑戰，原因是中東地區持續的戰爭，自衝突開始以來，航空燃料價格已翻倍。許多航空公司已暫停在海灣地區的航班，法國航空已將航班暫停延長至 5 月 3 日。燃料成本的上升目前佔運營費用的 45%，導致票價上漲和航線取消。行業專家警告稱，即使停火得以維持，這種情況也可能導致旅行習慣和航空公司運營的長期變化</p>

<p><img src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://s.yimg.com/ny/api/res/1.2/cC1WJS_yuMinm8zV0I.yoQ--/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjt3PTEyNDI7aD04MjY-/https://media.zenfs.com/en/afp.com.sg/6ac67b273f57b159fab267db1bae5ecc" alt="" original-src="https://s.yimg.com/ny/api/res/1.2/cC1WJS_yuMinm8zV0I.yoQ--/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjt3PTEyNDI7aD04MjY-/https://media.zenfs.com/en/afp.com.sg/6ac67b273f57b159fab267db1bae5ecc"/></p>
<p>Jet fuel costs have more than doubled since the outbreak of the war against Iran (Fadel SENNA)</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>自伊朗戰爭爆發以來，航空燃料成本已翻了一番以上。</p>
</div><p>Buffeted by six weeks of war in the Middle East, airlines have scrambled to trim routes and costs as fuel bills explode and wary clients think twice about their travel plans, a situation that could persist even if a fragile truce holds.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>在中東持續六週的戰爭衝擊下，航空公司紛紛削減航線和成本，因為燃料賬單激增，謹慎的客户對旅行計劃三思而後行，這種情況即使在脆弱的停火協議下也可能持續。</p>
</div><p>Carriers have largely halted flights in the Gulf region, with Air France announcing this week that it was extending its suspensions until May 3 -- a decision a source said was made before this week's ceasefire between the United States and Iran.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>航空公司在海灣地區基本停止了航班，法航本週宣佈將暫停航班延長至 5 月 3 日——一位消息人士表示，此決定是在本週美國與伊朗之間的停火之前做出的。</p>
</div><p>With no certainty that jet fuel prices will return to pre-war lows, chief executives are having to rethink expansion plans and plane orders.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>由於無法確定航空燃料價格是否會回到戰爭前的低點，首席執行官們不得不重新考慮擴張計劃和飛機訂單。</p>
</div><p>&#34;The airline sector is being hit with two simultaneous shocks: the steep rise in fuel prices, which is the biggest or second-biggest expense for a carrier, and a demand shock, with passengers deciding to wait and see,&#34; said Paul Chiambaretto, a professor and aviation expert at the Montpellier Business School in France.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>法國蒙彼利埃商學院的航空專家保羅·基安巴雷託表示：“航空業正遭受兩次同時衝擊：燃料價格的急劇上漲，這是航空公司最大的或第二大開支，以及需求衝擊，乘客決定觀望。”</p>
</div><p>Jet fuel, which cost around $830 a ton before the war erupted, surpassed $1,800 a ton in early April, and was still at $1,786 on Wednesday.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>在戰爭爆發前，航空燃料的價格約為每噸 830 美元，而在四月初超過每噸 1800 美元，週三仍維持在 1786 美元。</p>
</div><p>&#34;It's absolutely colossal,&#34; Pascal de Izaguirre, president of the French aviation federation (FNAM), told business daily La Tribune published Tuesday.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>法國航空聯合會（FNAM）主席帕斯卡爾·德·伊扎吉爾對《論壇報》表示：“這絕對是巨大的。”</p>
</div><p>He said fuel usually represents 25 percent to 30 percent of an airline's operating costs, but at current prices it now accounts for 45 percent.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>他説，燃料通常佔航空公司運營成本的 25% 到 30%，但在當前價格下，現在佔到了 45%。</p>
</div><p>- Sticky surcharges? -</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>- 固定附加費？ -</p>
</div><p>To maintain profitability, ticket prices have been hiked and some routes where planes are not routinely full have been suspended or scrapped indefinitely.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>為了保持盈利，票價已被提高，一些航班因飛機未滿而被暫停或無限期取消。</p>
</div><p>Vietnam Airlines went so far as to cancel around 20 domestic flights per week starting in April, because of a lack of jet fuel.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>越南航空甚至在四月開始每週取消約 20 個國內航班，原因是缺乏航空燃料。</p>
</div><p>Many airlines have already imposed fuel surcharges that could prove sticky, especially if they do not lead to marked declines in ticket sales in the coming months.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>許多航空公司已經施加了燃油附加費，這可能會變得頑固，特別是如果在未來幾個月內未能顯著減少機票銷售的話。</p>
</div><p>De Izaguirre said that while fuel surcharges so far are &#34;far too low&#34; to offset the higher costs, &#34;airlines are afraid of a negative impact if the increases become too excessive&#34;.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>德·伊扎吉爾表示，儘管目前的燃油附加費 “遠遠太低”，無法抵消更高的成本，但 “航空公司擔心如果漲幅過大會產生負面影響。”</p>
</div><p>But Hong Kong aviation giant Cathay Pacific has raised its surcharges several times since February, even as it announced extra flights to Europe for what it called an &#34;upsurge in market demand&#34;.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>但香港航空巨頭國泰航空自二月以來已多次提高附加費，即使在宣佈增加前往歐洲的航班以應對所謂的 “市場需求激增” 時。</p>
</div><p>Industry executives are wondering if the Middle East turmoil will prompt people to change their travel plans over the longer term, possibly balancing out the impact of regional route suspensions.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>行業高管們在思考中東動盪是否會促使人們在更長時間內改變旅行計劃，可能會平衡區域航線暫停的影響。</p>
</div><p>Some carriers say they do not plan on resuming flights to the Middle East until October.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>一些航空公司表示，他們計劃在十月之前不恢復前往中東的航班。</p>
</div><p>And if oil prices stay high and lead to widespread inflation that crimps spending power, both businesses and individuals could decide to limit spending on airline tickets.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>如果油價保持高位並導致廣泛的通貨膨脹，壓縮消費能力，企業和個人可能會決定限制在機票上的支出。</p>
</div><p>Ryanair boss Michael O'Leary said last month that flying habits are already shifting.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>瑞安航空首席執行官邁克爾·奧利裏上個月表示，飛行習慣已經在發生變化。</p>
</div><p>&#34;I think the people who were originally planning to either go to the Middle East or overfly the Middle East for their Easter school holidays are switching now and coming back to Portugal, Spain, South France, Italy, Greece,&#34; he told AFP at a European airline association meeting in Brussels.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>他説：“我認為，原本計劃去中東或飛越中東度過復活節假期的人們現在正在轉向葡萄牙、西班牙、南法、意大利和希臘。”</p>
</div><p>- A new normal? -</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>- 新常態？ -</p>
</div><p>The outbreak of war also wreaks havoc on the business model of massive hubs in the Middle East, which rely on a steady stream of passengers on long-haul flights to and from the Americas, Europe and Asia.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>戰爭的爆發也對中東大型樞紐的商業模式造成了嚴重破壞，這些樞紐依賴於來自美洲、歐洲和亞洲的長途航班的穩定客流。</p>
</div><p>Airports in Dubai, Doha and Abu Dhabi have been forced to close because of Tehran's retaliatory strikes across the region, resulting in tens of thousands of flights cancelled, affecting millions of passengers.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>由於德黑蘭在該地區的報復性打擊，迪拜、卡塔爾和阿布扎比的機場被迫關閉，導致數以萬計的航班被取消，影響了數百萬乘客。</p>
</div><p>Before the war, Dubai was the world's second-biggest airport in terms of passengers transiting, after Atlanta, while Doha had passenger levels rivalling those of Hong Kong or Frankfurt.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>在戰爭爆發前，迪拜是全球第二大客流量機場，僅次於亞特蘭大，而多哈的客流量與香港或法蘭克福相當。</p>
</div><p>Since then, European and Asian carriers that have long-distance planes available have started direct flights between the two regions, bypassing Gulf hubs altogether.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>自那時起，擁有長途飛機的歐洲和亞洲航空公司已開始在兩個地區之間開通直飛航班，完全繞過海灣樞紐。</p>
</div><p>Even after reopening, the airports are unlikely to return to full capacity anytime soon, and only if fuel prices recede as hoped.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>即使在重新開放後，這些機場也不太可能在短期內恢復到滿負荷運轉，只有在燃料價格如預期回落的情況下。</p>
</div><p>Willie Walsh, director of the International Air Transport Association (IATA), warned this week that if the ceasefire succeeds, it will still take months for jet fuel supplies and prices to normalise.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>國際航空運輸協會（IATA）總監威利·沃爾什本週警告稱，如果停火成功，航空燃料供應和價格恢復正常仍需數月時間。</p>
</div><p>&#34;I don't think it's going to happen in weeks,&#34; Walsh said.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>沃爾什表示：“我認為這不會在幾周內發生。”</p>
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儘管中東達成停戰協議，航空公司仍擔心長期的運營中斷