The U.S. officially announces reciprocal tariffs – this is the most comprehensive tariff list

The deadline for Trump's tariffs has entered the final countdown. The White House announced that a series of adjusted "reciprocal tariff" rates will be implemented starting August 1, applying differentiated tariff policies to global trading partners. According to CCTV News, on July 31 local time, the White House issued an executive order to reset the "reciprocal tariff" rate standards for certain countries: countries listed in Attachment 1 of the executive order will be subject to individual tariff rates, while those not listed will uniformly face a 10% tariff rate; if any country or region circumvents tariffs through third-party transshipment, a 40% transshipment tax will be imposed on their goods. U.S. President Trump also signed an executive order to raise the tariff rate on Canada from 25% to 35%, with the new tariff taking effect on August 1. The White House stated that this tax increase is "to respond to Canada's continued inaction and retaliatory actions," and noted that the president "deemed it necessary to effectively address the current emergency situation by raising the rates." In addition, the list released by the White House shows that major economies such as the European Union and Japan, which have reached agreements with the U.S., will receive relatively favorable tariff arrangements. Switzerland and South Africa will face punitive tariffs of up to 39% and 30%, respectively, while India will be subject to a 25% tariff. Goods from Taiwan, Vietnam will be charged a 20% tariff, and goods from Cambodia, Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia will face a 19% tariff. Asian markets reacted mildly in early trading, with the Canadian dollar and South African rand remaining flat, while the Thai baht continued to decline slightly. The Swiss franc also saw a slight decrease. New Tariff Landscape: 10% Benchmark and Differentiated Arrangements According to the executive order released by the White House, the new tariff structure presents a clear dual-track system: countries that negotiate and reach agreements with the U.S. will be subject to specific negotiated rates; while other countries not included in the specific list will uniformly face a 10% benchmark tariff. Media reports citing a senior U.S. government official indicated that countries are divided into three categories: **Countries with a trade deficit in goods with the U.S. will face a 10% tariff; countries that have reached agreements with the U.S. or have a small trade surplus in goods with the U.S. will face a tariff rate of about 15%; countries that have not reached agreements with the U.S. and have a large trade surplus in goods with the U.S. will face higher rates ** The White House emphasizes that the differences in tariff rates among countries directly reflect the results and positions of their trade negotiations with the United States. The executive order clearly states that some trading partners have agreed to or are about to reach meaningful trade and security agreements, while the terms proposed by other countries are considered insufficient to address trade imbalances, and some countries have not engaged in negotiations at all. In this framework, the differences in tariff rates faced by various countries are significant: Benchmark tariff rate: Countries not named in the annex of the executive order will be uniformly subjected to an additional 10% tariff on goods exported to the U.S. European Union: After agreeing to purchase $750 billion worth of U.S. energy by 2028 and making $600 billion in new investments in the U.S., a 15% tariff rate was granted. The specific implementation of this rate is that for EU goods exported to the U.S., if their existing tariff rate is below 15%, an additional tariff will be imposed to bring the total rate to 15%; if the existing rate is equal to or above 15%, no additional tariff will be imposed. Japan: After agreeing to invest $550 billion in the U.S. to rebuild core industries and further open its domestic market, Japan also received a 15% benchmark tariff rate. India: The prolonged trade negotiations between the U.S. and India have yielded no results, and starting August 1, the U.S. will impose a 25% tariff on goods exported from India and implement other "penalties." Canada: The tariff rate has been raised from 25% to 35%, making it one of the most severe measures taken against major trading partners in this adjustment. Switzerland: A tariff of up to 39% will be imposed, making it one of the economies most severely impacted by this unexpectedly high rate. Taiwan: Facing a 20% tariff, which is higher than that of its neighboring competitor in technology exports, South Korea. Southeast Asia: The tariff rates for Thailand, Cambodia, and Malaysia are all set at 19%. Mexico: According to CCTV, on July 31, U.S. President Trump stated on his social media platform "Truth Social" that the complexity of reaching an agreement with Mexico differs from that with other countries, and they agreed to extend the agreement between the two countries by 90 days, meaning Mexico will continue to pay a 25% tariff on fentanyl, a 25% tariff on automobiles, and a 50% tariff on steel, aluminum, and copper. The following are the tariff rates faced by various countries: