21st Century Economic Report Journalist Ran Lili
The &#34;14th Five-Year Plan&#34; outlines the development and expansion of emerging industries, accelerating the development of strategic emerging industries such as new generation information technology, new energy, new materials, intelligent connected new energy vehicles, robotics, biomedicine, high-end equipment, and aerospace. It aims to proactively layout future industries and promote quantum technology, biological manufacturing, hydrogen energy and nuclear fusion energy, brain-computer interfaces, embodied intelligence, and sixth-generation mobile communication as new economic growth points.
Will the process of old and new kinetic energy conversion accelerate during the &#34;14th Five-Year Plan&#34; period? From a long-term perspective, what is the transmission cycle from technological breakthroughs to macro contributions for the future industries outlined in the &#34;14th Five-Year Plan&#34;? Regarding these questions, the 21st Century Economic Report interviewed Ma Cheng'en, Deputy Director of the Planning Research Institute of the China Electronic Information Industry Development Research Institute (CCID Research Institute).
Ma Cheng'en stated that during the &#34;14th Five-Year Plan&#34; period, emerging industries will become the core engine of economic growth. Although the task of converting old and new kinetic energy in our country is daunting, the process will accelerate due to multiple advantages and systematic deployment. From a long-term perspective, the future industries outlined in the &#34;14th Five-Year Plan&#34; have significant differences in the transmission cycle from technological breakthroughs to macroeconomic contributions. Fields such as embodied intelligence, biological manufacturing, and sixth-generation mobile communication (6G) have already formed certain technological accumulations and are accelerating breakthroughs, integrating into the global innovation network, which can quickly form scaled industrial effects and contribute to macroeconomic growth.
&#34;21st Century&#34;: The '14th Five-Year Plan' proposes to cultivate more pillar and leading industries. At the macro level, how do you assess the contribution of emerging industries to economic growth during the '14th Five-Year Plan'? Can the process of old and new kinetic energy conversion accelerate during this period?
Ma Cheng'en: During the &#34;14th Five-Year Plan&#34; period, emerging industries will become the core engine of economic growth.
As an important carrier of new productive forces, emerging industries have freed themselves from the excessive dependence of traditional industries on resources and factors. Their large-scale and clustered development can continuously release growth momentum, breaking the limitations of traditional growth models and injecting new vitality into economic growth, becoming an important support for breaking growth bottlenecks and cultivating new growth poles. The integration of emerging industries with traditional industries can not only promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries in technology, models, and formats, activating the long-accumulated growth potential of traditional industries, but also form a collaborative growth pattern where emerging industries drive traditional ones and traditional industries promote emerging ones, smoothing out the bottlenecks in the upstream and downstream connections of industries, further amplifying the effects of economic growth, and promoting qualitative effective improvement and reasonable quantitative growth of the economy. In addition, innovation-driven development is the core logic of emerging industries, and their development can promote the deep integration of innovation chains with industrial chains, capital chains, and talent chains, stimulating the innovative vitality of various market entities such as enterprises and research institutions, accelerating the transformation and application of innovative achievements, providing lasting endogenous power for economic growth, and shifting economic growth from factor-driven to innovation-driven.
Although the task of converting old and new kinetic energy in our country during the &#34;14th Five-Year Plan&#34; period is daunting, the process will accelerate due to multiple advantages and systematic deployment, achieving a smooth and orderly connection between old and new kinetic energy
First, the systematic policy deployment at the national level provides a clear direction and strong guarantee for the transformation of kinetic energy, offering solid policy support for this transition. Second, China's complete industrial system and super-large-scale market provide an irreplaceable solid foundation for the transformation of old and new kinetic energy, which can support the rapid growth and large-scale development of emerging industries, cultivate new growth drivers, and also provide ample space and market demand for the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, ensuring a smooth transition process and avoiding interruptions in kinetic energy. Third, continuous reform and innovation are breaking through the bottlenecks and difficulties in the transformation of kinetic energy by deepening the construction of a unified national market, breaking down market barriers, promoting deep integration of industries, smoothing the connection channels between emerging kinetic energy and traditional industries, optimizing resource allocation efficiency, stimulating the vitality of various market entities, and accelerating the formation of a development pattern led by new kinetic energy and coordinated efforts of old and new kinetic energy.
&#34;21st Century&#34;: How do the strategic emerging industries mentioned in the 14th Five-Year Plan, such as new generation information technology, new energy, new materials, intelligent connected new energy vehicles, robots, biomedicine, high-end equipment, and aerospace, help China achieve a leap from imitation and application to originality and upgrading in overall technological capability?
Ma Cheng'en: The emerging industries mentioned in the 14th Five-Year Plan are an important support for China to further enhance its original innovation capability. Through technological breakthroughs, industrial upgrades, and activation of kinetic energy, a collaborative effort is formed to help China break free from technological following and achieve industrial leaps.
First, breaking through core technology bottlenecks. The emerging industries mentioned in the 14th Five-Year Plan focus on the weak links in China's industrial technology, using independent innovation to break foreign technology monopolies, promoting the transition of key core technologies from following to parallel running and leading, and gradually building an independent and controllable technological system to fundamentally avoid falling into the trap of technological dependence.
Second, promoting the leap in industrial levels. These emerging industries leverage industrial foundational advantages to drive the transformation of industries towards high-end, intelligent, and green development, breaking the low-end lock-in pattern of traditional industries, and can cultivate new pillar industries with international competitiveness, enhancing the overall competitiveness of the industrial system.
Third, activating endogenous innovation motivation. The development of emerging industries can effectively promote the deep integration of technological innovation and industrial innovation, stimulating the innovation vitality of enterprises, research institutions, and the entire society, forming a virtuous cycle where innovation leads to industrial upgrades, and industrial upgrades feed back into innovation breakthroughs, providing a continuous strong endogenous motivation for enhancing original innovation capability and promoting the continuous improvement of the innovation ecosystem.
&#34;21st Century&#34;: The 14th Five-Year Plan has forward-looking layouts for future industries such as quantum technology, biomanufacturing, hydrogen energy and nuclear fusion energy, brain-computer interfaces, embodied intelligence, and sixth-generation mobile communications. From a long-term perspective, what is the approximate transmission cycle from technological breakthroughs to macro contributions for these future industries?
Ma Cheng'en: From a long-term perspective, the future industries laid out in the 14th Five-Year Plan have significant differences in the transmission cycle from technological breakthroughs to forming macroeconomic contributions. Overall, it may need to be viewed in stages, with the core depending on technological maturity, industrialization difficulty, and the strength of policy element guarantees
First, the transmission cycle in fields with high technological maturity is relatively short. For example, in areas such as embodied intelligence, biomanufacturing, and sixth-generation mobile communication (6G), a certain level of technological accumulation has already been formed, and breakthroughs are being accelerated, integrating into the global innovation network, which can quickly create large-scale industrial effects.
Second, the transmission cycle in fields with moderate technological challenges is in the middle range. For instance, in quantum technology and brain-computer interfaces, breakthroughs in core components and system integration are needed. At the national level, mechanisms for technological foresight are being improved, and special projects are being laid out for breakthroughs, which will gradually transition from pilot demonstrations to large-scale applications in the future.
Third, the transmission cycle in fields with high technological barriers is relatively long. Industries in this category face multiple challenges such as breakthroughs in basic research and engineering applications, requiring long-term sustained investment and collaborative efforts, resulting in longer transmission cycles that necessitate long-term planning and cultivation.
&#34;21st Century&#34;: Li Lecheng, Secretary of the Party Leadership Group and Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, recently stated that the Ministry will guide localities to leverage their comparative advantages, develop future industries in a localized and differentiated manner. How to grasp localized and differentiated development? How to avoid homogenized competition and redundant construction in the layout and development of future industries?
Ma Cheng'en: To achieve &#34;localized and differentiated development&#34; in future industries, it is essential to base it on the region's inherent endowments, accurately position development directions, and ensure overall coordination. To effectively avoid homogenized competition and redundant construction in the layout of future industries, the key lies in strengthening top-level design guidance, improving relevant regulatory mechanisms, and highlighting the differentiation of development functions in various regions.
First, accurately grasp localization. The key is to rely on local resource endowments, industrial foundations, talent reserves, and locational advantages, avoiding blind following of trends, and focusing on 1-2 tracks with comparative advantages for concentrated efforts and in-depth cultivation. For example, regions rich in innovation resources, high-end talent, and strong market demand should focus on high-end innovative tracks such as quantum technology, 6G, and embodied intelligence, emphasizing original innovation and core technology breakthroughs; regions with abundant characteristic resources and obvious factor cost advantages should lean towards biomanufacturing and hydrogen energy, focusing on technology transformation and large-scale applications.
Second, scientifically implement differentiated development. Strengthen planning guidance, improve mechanisms for technological foresight and industrial layout guidance, and make tiered layouts based on the technological maturity and industrialization difficulty of different future industries, promoting clear functional divisions among regions. Clearly define that some regions rich in innovation resources focus on original innovation and basic research, creating sources of innovation for future industries; some regions with solid industrial foundations emphasize engineering applications and pilot transformations, building bridges for technology implementation; and some regions with broad market space strengthen scene implementation and large-scale promotion, cultivating industrial growth poles, thereby avoiding overlapping tracks and similar functions from a functional positioning perspective.
Third, improve mechanisms to avoid homogenization. By clarifying the industrial positioning and development priorities of each region, establish mechanisms for regional collaborative development and dynamic monitoring and evaluation, track and guide the layout situation in various places, and strictly prohibit blind launches, impatience for quick success, and low-level redundant construction. At the same time, fully leverage the role of enterprises as market entities, cultivate a batch of leading enterprises with distinctive characteristics, and guide localities to create characteristic industrial ecosystems around advantageous tracks, forming a development pattern of &#34;one place, one characteristic, regional collaboration,&#34; addressing the issues of redundant construction and disorderly competition from the source, and promoting the standardized and orderly development of future industries

In the "14th Five-Year Plan," emerging industries are regarded as the core engine of economic growth. Ma Cheng'en pointed out that although the task of transitioning from old to new driving forces is daunting, the process will accelerate due to multiple advantages and systematic deployment. Emerging industries such as embodied intelligence, biomanufacturing, and sixth-generation mobile communication have already formed technological accumulations, enabling them to quickly generate large-scale industrial effects and drive macroeconomic growth. The clustered development of emerging industries will inject new vitality into the economy and break the limitations of traditional growth models

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Exclusive Interview with Ma Cheng'en from CCID Research Institute: Emerging Industries Will Become the Core Engine of Economic Growth in the 14th Five-Year Plan