A useful lesson from SIA today: GAAP net profit can be a misleading single-metric for valuation. Three rules for reading airline earnings: (1) always strip out one-off gains/losses to assess underlying operations; (2) operating cash flow is more reliable than net profit; (3) seasonality matters — H2 typically benefits from peak travel periods, so the comparison should be apples-to-apples. SIA's H2 print looks worse than the underlying business performance