The "Super Infrastructure" of the Computing Power Era: 10 Gigabit Optical Network Deployed at Scale, AI Drives Scale Up Paradigm Shift, Overview of Optical Communication Industry Chain Targets

1. Core Science: The Underlying Principles and Technological Evolution of Optical Communication

Optical communication uses "light" to transmit "data (electrical signals)". In traditional copper cable transmission, data travels as electrical signals. However, as speeds increase, copper cables face significant physical bottlenecks such as severe signal attenuation, high power consumption, and limited transmission distance.

The core of optical communication lies in photoelectric conversion. Its underlying working principle relies on three key components:

Transmitter (Laser Chip): Converts electrical signals into optical signals. Semiconductor lasers (e.g., EML, CW lasers) achieve population inversion and stimulated emission by injecting current into the gain medium, outputting stable laser light.

Transmission Medium (Optical Fiber & Passive Components): Optical signals travel through optical fibers via total internal reflection for high-speed, low-loss transmission.

Receiver (Photodetector): Converts the received optical signals back into electrical signals for computer processing.