Full text of the "14th Five-Year Plan" proposal: Adopt extraordinary measures to promote decisive breakthroughs in key core technologies in key areas throughout the entire chain, fully implement the "Artificial Intelligence +" initiative, and vigorously boost consumption

Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, October 28 - Suggestions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development (Approved by the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on October 23, 2025) The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China conducted an in-depth analysis of the international and domestic situation and proposed the following suggestions for formulating the "15th Five-Year" Plan for national economic and social development. I. The "15th Five-Year" period is a critical period for basically achieving socialist modernization (1) The "14th Five-Year" period has seen significant achievements in our country's development. The development journey during the "14th Five-Year" period has been extremely unusual and extraordinary. In the face of a complex international situation and the arduous tasks of domestic reform, development, and stability, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, has united and led the entire party and people of all ethnic groups in the country to confront difficulties and forge ahead, enduring the severe impact of the century's pandemic, effectively responding to a series of major risks and challenges, and promoting new significant achievements in the party and national undertakings. Economic operation has steadily progressed, and high-quality development has been solidly advanced; scientific and technological innovation has yielded fruitful results, and new productive forces have developed steadily; comprehensive deepening of reforms has been further promoted, and high-level opening up has continuously expanded; whole-process people's democracy has developed deeply, and comprehensive rule of law has been effectively implemented; cultural undertakings and cultural industries have flourished, with a rich variety of spiritual and cultural products; social security has been solid and stable, and the achievements in poverty alleviation have been consolidated and expanded; the pace of green and low-carbon transformation has accelerated, and the quality of the ecological environment has continuously improved; national security capabilities have been effectively enhanced, social governance efficiency has increased, and the overall social situation has remained stable; significant progress has been made in national defense and military construction; the practice of "one country, two systems" has been advanced; major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics has been comprehensively expanded; strict governance of the party has achieved significant results, the anti-corruption struggle has deepened, and the party's creativity, cohesion, and combat effectiveness have significantly improved. Our country's economic strength, technological strength, and comprehensive national strength have reached new heights, and Chinese-style modernization has taken new solid steps, achieving a good start for the new journey of the second centenary goal. The fundamental reason for these significant achievements lies in the leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core and the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping's Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. (2) The "15th Five-Year" period holds an important position in the process of basically achieving socialist modernization. Achieving socialist modernization is a historical process that progresses step by step and continuously develops, requiring unremitting efforts and continuous struggle. The "15th Five-Year" period is a critical period for consolidating the foundation and making comprehensive efforts to basically achieve socialist modernization. It is necessary to consolidate and expand advantages, break through bottlenecks, and strengthen weaknesses, to win strategic initiative in fierce international competition and promote major breakthroughs in strategic tasks related to the overall situation of Chinese-style modernization, laying a more solid foundation for basically achieving socialist modernization. (3) The development environment facing our country during the "15th Five-Year" period is undergoing profound and complex changes. Major power relations affect the international situation, and the evolution of the international situation profoundly impacts domestic development. Our country's development is in a period where strategic opportunities coexist with risks and challenges, and uncertainties are increasing. Internationally, the world is undergoing a century of changes at an accelerated pace, the international balance of power is undergoing profound adjustments, and a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation is accelerating. Our country has many favorable factors to actively manage international space and shape the external environment. At the same time, the world is intertwined with chaos and increasing turbulence, and geopolitical conflicts are prone to occur frequently; Unilateralism and protectionism are on the rise, hegemonism and power politics pose increasing threats, and the international economic and trade order faces severe challenges, leading to insufficient momentum for global economic growth; the competition among major powers is becoming more complex and intense. Domestically, China's economic foundation is stable, with many advantages, strong resilience, and great potential. The long-term supportive conditions and fundamental trends remain unchanged, and the advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, the advantages of a super-large market, a complete industrial system, and abundant talent resources are becoming more prominent. At the same time, the issues of unbalanced and insufficient development remain prominent; effective demand is insufficient, and there are bottlenecks in the domestic circulation; the task of transforming old and new growth drivers is daunting; agricultural and rural modernization is relatively lagging; there is significant pressure on employment and residents' income growth, and there are shortcomings in social welfare; changes in population structure pose new challenges for economic development and social governance; there are still risks and hidden dangers in key areas. The changing situation contains opportunities, and challenges inspire determination. The entire Party must deeply understand the decisive significance of the "two establishments," enhance the "four consciousnesses," strengthen the "four self-confidences," and achieve the "two safeguards," maintain strategic determination, enhance confidence in victory, actively identify changes, respond to changes, and seek changes, dare to struggle, be good at fighting, and bravely face major tests in turbulent times, using a proactive historical spirit to overcome difficulties, combat risks, and meet challenges, concentrate efforts on doing our own work well, continue to write new chapters in the rapid economic development and long-term social stability, and strive to create a new situation in the construction of Chinese-style modernization. II. Guiding Principles and Main Goals for Economic and Social Development during the "14th Five-Year Plan" Period (4) Guiding ideology for economic and social development during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period. Adhere to Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of the "Three Represents," and the Scientific Outlook on Development, fully implement Xi Jinping's Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, deeply implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the plenary sessions of the 20th Central Committee, focus on building a modern socialist country in all respects and achieving the second centenary goal, comprehensively promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-style modernization, coordinate the overall layout of the "five-in-one" and promote the strategic layout of the "four comprehensives," coordinate the two overall situations of domestic and international, fully and accurately implement the new development concept, accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, adhere to the general principle of seeking progress while maintaining stability, center on economic construction, focus on promoting high-quality development, take reform and innovation as the fundamental driving force, meet the growing needs of the people for a better life as the fundamental purpose, and ensure strict governance of the Party as the fundamental guarantee, promote qualitative effective improvement and reasonable quantitative growth of the economy, advance the comprehensive development of people, and make solid steps toward common prosperity for all people, ensuring decisive progress in basically achieving socialist modernization. (5) Principles that must be followed for economic and social development during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period. Adhere to the comprehensive leadership of the Party. Firmly uphold the authority and centralized unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, enhance the Party's ability to set direction, plan overall strategies, formulate policies, and promote reforms, integrating the Party's leadership throughout all aspects and processes of economic and social development, providing a fundamental guarantee for the construction of socialist modernization in our country. Adhere to putting the people first. Respect the principal position of the people, rely closely on the people, safeguard the fundamental interests of the people, promote social fairness and justice, focus on ensuring and improving people's livelihoods in development, expand development space by meeting people's livelihood needs, promote coordinated economic and social development, and ensure that the achievements of modernization benefit all people more fairly ——Adhere to high-quality development. Lead development with new development concepts, develop new productive forces suited to local conditions, strengthen the domestic circulation, smooth the dual circulation of domestic and international markets, coordinate the expansion of domestic demand and deepen supply-side structural reforms, accelerate the cultivation of new momentum, promote the optimization and upgrading of the economic structure, improve the increment, activate the stock, and promote sustained and healthy economic development and comprehensive social progress. ——Adhere to comprehensive deepening of reforms. Focus on the institutional and mechanism barriers that restrict high-quality development, promote deep-level reforms, expand high-level opening up, and better align production relations and productive forces, superstructure and economic foundation, national governance and social development, continuously enhance development momentum and social vitality. ——Adhere to the combination of an effective market and a proactive government. Fully leverage the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, better play the role of the government, build a unified, open, competitive, and orderly market system, establish a rule-of-law economy and a credit economy, create a first-class business environment that is market-oriented, law-based, and internationalized, and form an economic order that is both "flexible" and "well-managed." ——Adhere to the overall coordination of development and security. Ensure safety in development and seek development in safety, strengthen bottom-line thinking, effectively prevent and resolve various risks, enhance economic and social resilience, and ensure the new development pattern with a new security pattern. (6) The main goals for economic and social development during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period. ——Significant achievements in high-quality development. Economic growth remains within a reasonable range, total factor productivity steadily improves, the resident consumption rate significantly increases, the role of domestic demand as the main driving force for economic growth continues to strengthen, economic growth potential is fully released, the construction of a unified national market is deepened, the advantages of a super-large-scale market continue to emerge, and significant progress is made in new-type industrialization, informatization, urbanization, and agricultural modernization, with major breakthroughs in developing new productive forces, constructing a new development pattern, and building a modern economic system. ——Significantly improved levels of technological self-reliance and self-improvement. The overall effectiveness of the national innovation system has significantly improved, a pattern of integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent has basically formed, basic research and original innovation capabilities have significantly strengthened, breakthroughs in key core technologies in key areas have rapidly increased, and the number of leading fields has noticeably increased, with deep integration of technological innovation and industrial innovation, and a significant enhancement of the driving role of innovation. ——Further breakthroughs in comprehensive deepening of reforms. The modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity is deeply promoted, the socialist market economic system is further improved, the system and mechanism for high-level opening up are more sound, the institutionalization, standardization, and procedural level of whole-process people's democracy are further improved, and the construction of a socialist rule-of-law state reaches a higher level. ——Significant improvement in the level of social civilization. Cultural confidence is more firmly established, mainstream ideological discourse is continuously consolidated and strengthened, the socialist core values are widely practiced, the cultural innovation and creativity of the entire nation are continuously stimulated, the spiritual and cultural life of the people is richer, the cohesion of the Chinese nation and the influence of Chinese culture are significantly enhanced, and the country's soft power continues to improve. ——Continuous improvement in the quality of people's lives. New progress is made in achieving high-quality and full employment, the growth of residents' income synchronizes with economic growth, the increase in labor remuneration synchronizes with the improvement in labor productivity, the distribution structure is optimized, the middle-income group continues to expand, the social security system is further optimized and more sustainable, and the level of equalization of basic public services is significantly improved ——Significant new progress has been made in building a beautiful China. A green production and lifestyle has basically taken shape, the carbon peak target has been achieved on schedule, a clean, low-carbon, safe, and efficient new energy system has been initially established, the total emissions of major pollutants continue to decrease, and the stability and sustainability of ecosystem diversity continue to improve. ——The national security barrier has been further strengthened. The national security system and capabilities have been further enhanced, risks in key areas have been effectively prevented and resolved, the level of social governance and public safety governance has significantly improved, the centenary goal of building the military has been achieved on schedule, and the construction of a safer China at a higher level is being solidly promoted. On this basis, we will strive for another five years, and by 2035, we will achieve a significant leap in our economic strength, technological strength, national defense strength, comprehensive national power, and international influence, with per capita GDP reaching the level of moderately developed countries, and people's lives becoming happier and better, basically realizing socialist modernization. III. Build a modern industrial system and consolidate and strengthen the foundation of the real economy A modern industrial system is the material and technological foundation of Chinese-style modernization. We will insist on focusing economic development on the real economy, adhere to the directions of intelligence, greenness, and integration, accelerate the construction of a manufacturing powerhouse, a quality powerhouse, an aerospace powerhouse, a transportation powerhouse, and a cyber powerhouse, maintain a reasonable proportion of manufacturing, and build a modern industrial system with advanced manufacturing as the backbone. (7) Optimize and upgrade traditional industries. Promote quality upgrades in key industries, consolidate and enhance the position and competitiveness of mining, metallurgy, chemical, light industry, textiles, machinery, shipbuilding, construction, and other industries in the global industrial division of labor. Improve the level of self-control in the industrial chain, strengthen the reconstruction of industrial foundations and breakthroughs in major technological equipment, continuously implement high-quality development actions for key manufacturing industry chains, and develop advanced manufacturing clusters. Promote technological transformation and upgrades, facilitate the digital and intelligent transformation of manufacturing, develop intelligent manufacturing, green manufacturing, and service-oriented manufacturing, and accelerate changes in industrial models and corporate organizational forms. Enhance the quality and technical foundation capabilities, strengthen standard leadership, improve internationalization levels, and enhance brand building. Optimize industrial layout and promote the orderly transfer of key industries domestically. (8) Cultivate and grow emerging industries and future industries. Focus on building emerging pillar industries. Implement industrial innovation projects, promote the integrated advancement of innovation facility construction, technology research and development, and product iteration and upgrades, and accelerate the development of strategic emerging industry clusters such as new energy, new materials, aerospace, and low-altitude economy. Improve the industrial ecosystem, implement large-scale application demonstration actions for new technologies, new products, and new scenarios, and accelerate the large-scale development of emerging industries. Proactively layout future industries, explore diverse technological routes, typical application scenarios, feasible business models, and market regulation rules, and promote quantum technology, biomanufacturing, hydrogen energy and nuclear fusion energy, brain-computer interfaces, embodied intelligence, and sixth-generation mobile communication to become new economic growth points. Innovate regulatory methods, develop venture capital, and establish mechanisms for growth in future industry investments and risk sharing. Promote the specialized and innovative development of small and medium-sized enterprises and cultivate unicorn companies. (9) Promote high-quality and efficient development of the service industry. Implement actions to expand and improve the service industry, expand service industry openness, deepen regulatory reforms, improve the support policy system, expand quality operating entities, and promote the extension of productive service industries towards specialization and high-end value chains in various fields, while facilitating high-quality, diversified, and convenient development of life service industries Enhance the integration and development level of modern service industries with advanced manufacturing and modern agriculture, and promote the digital intelligence of the service industry. Strengthen the construction of service standards and quality brands. Improve the statistical monitoring system for the service industry. (10) Build a modern infrastructure system. Strengthen the overall planning of infrastructure, optimize layout structure, promote integration and fusion, and enhance safety resilience and operational sustainability. Appropriately advance the construction of new infrastructure, promote the construction and efficient utilization of information communication networks, national integrated computing networks, major scientific and technological infrastructure, etc., and advance the renewal and digital transformation of traditional infrastructure. Improve the modern comprehensive transportation system, strengthen cross-regional overall layout, cross-modal integration, and enhance coverage and accessibility in weak areas. Establish a diversified and resilient international transportation channel system. Optimize the layout of energy backbone channels and strengthen the construction of new energy infrastructure. Accelerate the construction of a modern water network, enhance flood disaster prevention, water resource allocation, and urban-rural water supply security capabilities. Promote the construction of public infrastructure that can be used for both emergency and regular purposes in cities. IV. Accelerate high-level technological self-reliance and self-improvement, leading the development of new quality productivity Chinese-style modernization must rely on technological modernization for support. Seize the historical opportunity of a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, coordinate the construction of a strong education nation, a strong technological nation, and a strong talent nation, enhance the overall effectiveness of the national innovation system, comprehensively strengthen independent innovation capabilities, seize the high ground of technological development, and continuously generate new quality productivity. (11) Strengthen original innovation and key core technology breakthroughs. Improve the new national system, adopt extraordinary measures, and promote decisive breakthroughs in key core technologies in important fields such as integrated circuits, industrial mother machines, high-end instruments, basic software, advanced materials, and biomanufacturing through a full-chain approach. Highlight national strategic needs and deploy a number of major national scientific and technological tasks. Strengthen the strategic, forward-looking, and systematic layout of basic research, increase the proportion of basic research investment, and provide long-term stable support. Strengthen the original innovation orientation of scientific research and technology development, optimize the environment conducive to original and disruptive innovation, and produce more iconic original achievements. (12) Promote the deep integration of technological innovation and industrial innovation. Coordinate the construction of national strategic scientific and technological forces and enhance systematic breakthrough capabilities. Strengthen the independent guarantee of basic scientific and technological conditions and coordinate the construction of scientific and technological innovation platforms and bases. Improve the regional innovation system, layout the construction of regional scientific and technological innovation centers and industrial scientific and technological innovation highlands, and strengthen the source function of international scientific and technological innovation centers. Accelerate the efficient transformation and application of major scientific and technological achievements, layout the construction of concept verification and pilot verification platforms, increase the construction and openness of application scenarios, and strengthen the protection and utilization of intellectual property rights. Create an open innovation ecosystem with global competitiveness. Support young scientific and technological talents in innovation and entrepreneurship. Strengthen the popularization of science and technology, cultivate an innovation culture, and promote the spirit of scientists. Strengthen the construction of scientific and technological rule of law, ethics, integrity, and safety. Strengthen the leading role of enterprises in technological innovation, promote the aggregation of innovation resources towards enterprises, support enterprises in leading the establishment of innovation consortia, undertake more national scientific and technological tasks, encourage enterprises to increase investment in basic research, and promote the deep integration of innovation chains, industrial chains, capital chains, and talent chains. Cultivate and grow leading technology enterprises, support the development of high-tech enterprises and technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises, and increase the proportion of R&D expense deductions for enterprises. Increase government procurement of independently innovative products (13) Promote the integrated development of education, technology, and talent. Establish and improve a coordinated mechanism for integrated promotion, strengthen planning coordination, policy synergy, resource integration, and evaluation linkage, promote the positive interaction between independent technological innovation and independent talent cultivation, and build a globally influential education center, science center, and talent center. Collaborate in educating people around technological innovation, industrial development, and national strategic needs, optimize the layout of higher education institutions, advance reforms in a classified manner, and coordinate discipline settings. Deepen the construction of "Double First-Class" universities and national interdisciplinary centers, strengthen the functions of gathering and cultivating talent in research institutions, innovation platforms, enterprises, and technology program talent. Accelerate the construction of national strategic talent forces, cultivate more strategic scientists, leading technology talents, outstanding engineers, national craftsmen, and high-skilled talents. Strengthen talent collaboration, optimize talent structure, and promote coordinated regional development of talent. Use innovation capability, quality, effectiveness, and contribution as evaluation orientations, deepen project review, institutional evaluation, talent assessment, and income distribution reforms, facilitate talent exchange channels among universities, research institutes, and enterprises, and stimulate the vitality of innovation and creativity. Deepen international exchange and cooperation, establish a high-tech talent immigration system, and attract and cultivate world-class talents. (14) Deepen the construction of Digital China. Improve the basic system for data elements, build an open, shared, and secure national integrated data market, and deepen the development and utilization of data resources. Promote the deep integration of the real economy and the digital economy, and implement the industrial internet innovation development project. Accelerate the innovation of digital intelligence technologies such as artificial intelligence, break through basic theories and core technologies, and strengthen the efficient supply of computing power, algorithms, and data. Fully implement the "Artificial Intelligence +" initiative, lead the transformation of research paradigms with artificial intelligence, strengthen the integration of artificial intelligence with industrial development, cultural construction, livelihood security, and social governance, seize the high ground of artificial intelligence industry applications, and empower various industries comprehensively. Strengthen the governance of artificial intelligence, improve relevant laws and regulations, policy systems, application norms, and ethical standards. Improve supervision and promote the innovation and healthy development of the platform economy. V. Build a Strong Domestic Market and Accelerate the Construction of a New Development Pattern A strong domestic market is the strategic support for Chinese-style modernization. Adhere to expanding domestic demand as the strategic foundation, closely combine benefiting people's livelihoods and promoting consumption, investment in goods, and investment in people, lead new supply with new demand, create new demand with new supply, promote the positive interaction between consumption and investment, supply and demand, and enhance the endogenous momentum and reliability of the domestic large cycle. (15) Vigorously boost consumption. Deeply implement special actions to boost consumption. Coordinate efforts to promote employment, increase income, and stabilize expectations, reasonably increase the proportion of public service expenditure in fiscal expenditure, and enhance residents' consumption capacity. Expand the supply of high-quality consumer goods and services. Focus on relaxing access and integrating business formats to expand service consumption, strengthen brand leadership, standard upgrades, and new technology applications, promote the expansion and upgrading of commodity consumption, and create a number of new consumption scenarios with wide reach and high visibility. Cultivate international consumption center cities and expand inbound consumption. Increase the intensity of inclusive policies directly reaching consumers and increase government funding for livelihood security expenditures. Improve the institutional mechanisms to promote consumption, eliminate unreasonable restrictive measures on consumption such as automobiles and housing, establish and improve management methods that adapt to new business formats, new models, and new scenarios of consumption, and implement paid staggered vacations. Strengthening Consumer Rights Protection.** (16) Expanding Effective Investment. Maintain reasonable growth of investment and improve investment efficiency. Optimize the structure of government investment, increase the proportion of government investment in people's livelihoods, and promote the implementation of major national strategies and key projects for safety capabilities with high quality. Adapt to changes in population structure and flow trends, improve the layout of infrastructure and public service facilities, and strengthen investment in human resource development and comprehensive human development. Make good use of various types of government investment, and explore the preparation of a comprehensive government investment plan in areas with a good work foundation. Strengthen the whole process management of government investment. Deepen the reform of the investment approval system, further clarify the investment direction and focus of central and local governments. Strengthen planning and demonstration, and implement a number of major landmark engineering projects. Improve the long-term mechanism for private enterprises to participate in major project construction, leverage the guiding role of government investment funds, stimulate the vitality of private investment, increase the proportion of private investment, and enhance the effective investment growth momentum led by the market. (17) Resolutely eliminate the bottlenecks and obstacles hindering the construction of a unified national market. Unify the basic institutional rules of the market, improve systems for property rights protection, market access, information disclosure, social credit, mergers and acquisitions, and market exit, eliminate barriers in areas such as access to factors, qualification recognition, bidding, and government procurement, standardize the economic promotion behavior of local governments, and break down local protectionism and market segmentation. Comprehensive rectification of "involution" competition. Unify market supervision and law enforcement, strengthen quality supervision, improve the administrative discretion benchmark system, enhance law enforcement and judicial measures against monopolies and unfair competition, and form a market order of high quality and fair prices with healthy competition. Improve the integrated circulation rules and standards, connect market facilities to high standards, and reduce logistics costs for the whole society. Improve the statistical, fiscal, and assessment systems conducive to the construction of a unified large market, and optimize the sharing of interests between enterprise headquarters and branches, production sites, and consumption sites. VI. Accelerate the Construction of a High-Level Socialist Market Economic System and Enhance the Momentum for High-Quality Development A high-level socialist market economic system is an important guarantee for Chinese-style modernization. Adhere to and improve the basic socialist economic system, better leverage the guiding role of economic system reform, improve the macroeconomic governance system, and ensure that high-quality development is stable and far-reaching. (18) Fully Stimulate the Vitality of Various Business Entities. Adhere to and implement the "two unwavering principles," promote the complementary advantages and common development of various ownership economies. Deepen the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises, strengthen, optimize, and expand state-owned enterprises and state-owned capital, promote the optimization of the layout and structural adjustment of the state-owned economy, enhance the core functions of state-owned enterprises, and improve core competitiveness. Implement the Private Economy Promotion Law, legally and institutionally guarantee equal access to production factors, fair participation in market competition, and effective protection of legitimate rights and interests, and develop and expand the private economy. Support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises and individual businesses, and promote the coordinated and integrated development of large, medium, and small enterprises. Strengthen the judicial protection of property rights enforcement, and enhance judicial supervision over compulsory measures such as seizure, detention, and freezing. Improve the modern enterprise system with Chinese characteristics, promote entrepreneurial spirit, and accelerate the construction of more world-class enterprises. (19) Accelerate the Improvement of the Market-Oriented Allocation System and Mechanism for Factors. Promote the efficient allocation of various factor resources, establish and improve a unified construction land market for urban and rural areas, a well-functioning capital market, a smoothly flowing labor market, and an efficient technology market for transformation. Compile a macro asset-liability statement, comprehensively clarify the bottom line of stock resource assets, and optimize the asset-liability structure Improve policies on mergers and acquisitions, bankruptcy, and replacement, and make good use of inefficient land, idle properties, and existing infrastructure. Improve the legal regulations on the renewal of land use rights for industrial and commercial purposes, and steadily advance the renewal work in accordance with the law. Promote the revitalization and sharing of existing state-owned assets in national administrative and public institutions. Promote the organic connection between judicial enforcement and the bankruptcy system, and effectively revitalize seized and frozen assets in accordance with the law. (20) Enhance the effectiveness of macroeconomic governance. Strengthen the strategic guiding role of national development planning, enhance the coordination of fiscal and monetary policies, and effectively utilize policies related to industry, prices, employment, consumption, investment, trade, regions, environmental protection, and regulation to promote the formation of more economic development models led by domestic demand, driven by consumption, and characterized by endogenous growth. Strengthen counter-cyclical and cross-cyclical adjustments, implement more proactive macro policies, and continuously stabilize growth, employment, and expectations. Enhance the consistency of macro policy orientation, strengthen the evaluation of policy implementation effects, improve expectation management mechanisms, and optimize the comprehensive performance assessment of high-quality development. Play the role of proactive fiscal policy and enhance fiscal sustainability. Strengthen scientific management of finance, coordinate fiscal resources and budgets, and ensure financial support for major national strategic tasks and basic livelihood. Deepen zero-based budgeting reform, unify budget allocation rights, optimize the structure of fiscal expenditures, and strengthen budget performance management. Improve the local tax and direct tax systems, enhance tax policies on operating income, capital income, and property income, standardize tax incentive policies, and maintain a reasonable macro tax burden level. Appropriately strengthen central government authority and increase the proportion of central fiscal expenditures. Increase local autonomous financial resources. Strengthen financial and accounting supervision. Accelerate the establishment of a long-term mechanism for government debt management that aligns with high-quality development. Accelerate the construction of a strong financial nation. Improve the central bank system, build a scientific and stable monetary policy system and a comprehensive macro-prudential management system, and smooth the transmission mechanism of monetary policy. Vigorously develop technology finance, green finance, inclusive finance, pension finance, and digital finance. Enhance the inclusiveness and adaptability of capital market systems, and improve the functions of capital markets that coordinate investment and financing. Actively develop direct financing through equity, bonds, etc., and steadily develop futures, derivatives, and asset securitization. Optimize the financial institution system, promote various financial institutions to focus on their main businesses, improve governance, and develop in a differentiated manner. Build safe and efficient financial infrastructure. Steadily develop digital renminbi. Accelerate the construction of Shanghai as an international financial center. Strengthen financial regulation comprehensively, enhance the coordination of central and local regulation, enrich risk disposal resources and means, build a risk prevention and resolution system, and ensure the sound operation of finance. VII. Expand high-level opening up and create a new situation of win-win cooperation Adhering to open cooperation and mutual benefit is an inevitable requirement of Chinese-style modernization. Steadily expand institutional opening, maintain a multilateral trading system, expand international circulation, promote reform and development through opening up, and share opportunities and develop together with countries around the world. (21) Actively expand autonomous opening. Align with international high-standard economic and trade rules, focus on the service industry to expand market access and open fields, and broaden unilateral opening areas and regions. Accelerate the process of regional and bilateral trade and investment agreements, and expand the network of high-standard free trade zones. Optimize the layout of regional opening, and create diverse forms of open highlands. Implement a strategy to enhance free trade pilot zones and build Hainan Free Trade Port to high standards. Coordinate the layout and construction of major open cooperation platforms in technology innovation, service trade, and industrial development Promote the internationalization of the renminbi, enhance the level of capital account openness, and build a self-controlled cross-border payment system for the renminbi. Advance the reform of global economic and financial governance, and promote the construction and maintenance of a fair, just, open, inclusive, and cooperative international economic order. (22) Promote innovative development of trade. Enhance the quality and efficiency of foreign trade, and accelerate the construction of a strong trading nation. Promote market diversification and the integration of domestic and foreign trade, optimize and upgrade goods trade, expand intermediate goods trade and green trade, and promote balanced development of imports and exports. Vigorously develop service trade, encourage service exports, improve the management system of the negative list for cross-border service trade, and enhance the standardization level of service trade. Innovate and develop digital trade, and orderly expand the opening up of the digital field. Enhance the functions of trade promotion platforms, and support the development of new business formats and models such as cross-border e-commerce. Improve export control and security review mechanisms. (23) Expand the space for bilateral investment cooperation. Shape new advantages in attracting foreign investment, implement "access and operation," reduce the negative list for foreign investment access, and promote reinvestment of foreign capital in the domestic market. Improve the service guarantee system for foreign investment, fully implement national treatment, promote efficient, convenient, and secure cross-border flow of data, and create a transparent, stable, and predictable institutional environment. Effectively implement foreign investment management, improve the comprehensive service system for overseas investments, promote the integration of trade and investment, and guide the reasonable and orderly cross-border layout of industrial and supply chains. (24) Build the "Belt and Road" with high quality. Strengthen strategic alignment with co-building countries and enhance the overall management of cooperation planning. Deepen "hard connectivity" of infrastructure, "soft connectivity" of rules and standards, and "heart connectivity" with the people of co-building countries, improve the layout of a three-dimensional interconnected network, and coordinate the promotion of major landmark projects and "small but beautiful" livelihood projects. Enhance the development level of China-Europe (Asia) freight trains. Accelerate the construction of the new western land-sea corridor. Deepen practical cooperation in trade, investment, industry, and culture, and expand new cooperation space in green development, artificial intelligence, digital economy, health, tourism, agriculture, and other fields. Improve a diversified, sustainable, and risk-controlled investment and financing system. Strengthen the protection of overseas interests. VIII. Accelerate the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, and solidly promote comprehensive rural revitalization The modernization of agriculture and rural areas is related to the overall situation and quality of Chinese-style modernization. We must prioritize solving the "three rural issues" as a key focus of the entire party's work, promote urban-rural integration development, continuously consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation, and promote rural areas to basically have modern living conditions, accelerating the construction of a strong agricultural nation. (25) Enhance the comprehensive production capacity and quality efficiency of agriculture. Adhere to the simultaneous focus on output capacity, ecological production, and increasing production and income, and coordinate the development of technological agriculture, green agriculture, quality agriculture, and brand agriculture, transforming agriculture into a modern large industry. Strengthen the implementation of a new round of actions to increase grain production capacity by hundreds of billions of jin, enhancing the supply guarantee capacity of important agricultural products such as grain. Strictly adhere to the red line of arable land, manage the balance of occupation and compensation rigorously, and optimize the layout of agricultural land. Promote high-quality construction of high-standard farmland, strengthen the protection of black land and the comprehensive utilization of saline-alkali land, and improve the quality of arable land. Deeply implement the seed industry revitalization action, promote the research and application of high-end intelligent agricultural machinery suitable for hilly and mountainous areas, and integrate and enhance the efficiency of good land, good seeds, good machinery, and good methods. Adhere to the simultaneous development of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery, develop modern facility agriculture, and build a diversified food supply system. Develop the under-forest economy and strengthen the forestry and grass industry. Stabilize land contracting relationships and steadily promote the pilot extension of the second round of contracts for another thirty years after expiration Develop moderate-scale agricultural operations, improve the development quality of new agricultural management entities, enhance a convenient and efficient agricultural social service system, and promote the organic connection between small farmers and modern agriculture. (26) Promote the construction of livable and business-friendly beautiful villages. Learn from the experience of the "Ten Million Project," and improve the rural construction implementation mechanism according to local conditions, advancing rural revitalization in a classified and orderly manner, gradually improving the completeness of rural infrastructure, the convenience of public services, and the comfort of living environments. Optimize the layout of villages and towns, and promote integrated planning, construction, and management of county-level infrastructure. Collaborate to advance the governance of county land space, steadily carry out comprehensive land remediation across the region, continuously improve the rural living environment, and address issues such as rural toilet renovations and garbage encirclement with a determined spirit, accelerate the improvement of rural modern living conditions, and create high-quality living spaces in the countryside. Develop distinctive county economies, explore multiple functions of agriculture, promote deep integration of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries in rural areas, cultivate and strengthen rural characteristic industries, improve mechanisms that connect farmers and support agriculture, and promote stable income growth for farmers. (27) Enhance the effectiveness of policies that strengthen agriculture, benefit farmers, and enrich rural areas. Establish a multi-faceted investment pattern that prioritizes fiscal support, focuses financial resources, and encourages active social participation, ensuring that investment in rural revitalization continues to increase. Protect and motivate farmers' enthusiasm for farming and grain production, and strengthen policy support and coordination in areas such as pricing, subsidies, and insurance. Increase compensation for interests in major grain-producing areas and implement horizontal compensation between production and sales areas across provinces. Strengthen the management of grain purchasing, sales, and reserves. Promote diversification of agricultural product imports and facilitate coordination between trade and production. Encourage the two-way flow of factors between urban and rural areas, incentivize various talents to serve and start businesses in rural areas. Save and intensively utilize rural collective operational construction land, legally activate and make good use of idle land and houses, and classify and guarantee land for rural development. Support the development of new types of rural collective economies. Establish a regular mechanism to prevent poverty and falling back into poverty, adhere to precise assistance, improve bottom-line guarantees, strengthen development-oriented assistance, enhance endogenous motivation, provide tiered and classified support to underdeveloped areas, and improve support policies for key counties in rural revitalization, ensuring that large-scale poverty and falling back into poverty do not occur. IX. Optimize Regional Economic Layout and Promote Coordinated Regional Development Coordinated regional development is an inherent requirement of Chinese-style modernization. Leverage the cumulative effects of regional coordinated development strategies, major regional strategies, principal functional area strategies, and new urbanization strategies to optimize the layout of major productive forces, utilize the role of growth poles in key areas, and construct a regional economic layout and land space system characterized by complementary advantages and high-quality development. (28) Enhance the coordination of regional development. Solidly promote the formation of a new pattern in the western development, achieve new breakthroughs in the comprehensive revitalization of the Northeast, accelerate the rise of the central region, and hasten modernization in the eastern region, promoting coordinated development between the east and west, and between the north and south. Consolidate and enhance the high-quality development driving force of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Continue to advance the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. Promote the construction of a modern city in Xiong'an New Area with high standards and quality, and enhance the development capacity of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle. Encourage localities to leverage their comparative advantages and showcase their strengths, support major economic provinces to take the lead, and set examples in advancing Chinese-style modernization. Increase differentiated policy support to promote revitalization and development in revolutionary old areas, ethnic regions, and border areas (29) Promote regional coordinated development. Advance the construction of major cross-regional and cross-basin corridors, and strengthen the interconnectivity of regional infrastructure. Enhance the coordinated and linked development of key urban agglomerations, and promote efficient collaboration between regional innovation chains and industrial chains. Accelerate the development of urban agglomerations in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, cultivate several regional central cities, and better leverage the supporting and driving role of cross-regional connecting areas. Deepen cooperation across administrative regions, improve mechanisms for overall planning coordination, industrial collaboration, and benefit sharing among regions, and expand models such as basin economies. (30) Optimize the spatial development pattern of land. Strengthen the implementation of the main functional area strategy, maintain the overall stability of urbanized areas, major agricultural production areas, and key ecological function areas, refine and clarify special functional areas, and improve supporting policies and assessment mechanisms. Promote the optimization of layouts for strategic industries and energy resource bases. Improve the land spatial planning system, implement control lines for optimizing arable land and permanent basic farmland, ecological protection red lines, and urban development boundaries, and implement differentiated and refined use controls by zoning and classification. Grant provincial governments greater autonomy in coordinating construction land, explore the implementation of a total control model for construction land based on planning periods, and implement comprehensive supply of both existing and new land. (31) Deepen the people-centered new urbanization. Scientifically and orderly promote the urbanization of the agricultural transfer population, and implement a system of providing basic public services based on registered residence. Promote the modernization of governance in mega and super-large cities, accelerate the integration of urban agglomerations and the urbanization of metropolitan areas, optimize the structure of urban scale, and promote coordinated development and compact layout of large, medium, and small cities and towns. Advance urbanization construction with county towns as important carriers, enhancing industrial support capacity and public service levels. Adhere to connotative urban development, vigorously implement urban renewal, and build modern people’s cities that are innovative, livable, beautiful, resilient, civilized, and smart. Steadily promote the construction of border towns. (32) Strengthen the development, utilization, and protection of marine resources. Adhere to the coordinated development of land and sea, enhance marine strategic capabilities, promote high-quality development of the marine economy, and accelerate the construction of a maritime power. Strengthen marine scientific and technological innovation, consolidate and enhance the advantages of the marine equipment manufacturing industry, expand emerging marine industries, and develop modern shipping services. Implement marine surveys and monitoring, promote the development and utilization of marine energy resources and sea areas and islands, and strengthen ecological environment protection and restoration in key marine areas. Enhance the support and guarantee system for deep-sea and polar exploration. Firmly safeguard maritime rights and interests and security, and improve maritime law enforcement and judicial capabilities. 10. Stimulate the cultural innovation and creativity of the entire nation, and prosper and develop socialist culture Cultural prosperity and flourishing is an important symbol of Chinese-style modernization. Uphold the guiding position of Marxism in the ideological field, root in the profound and extensive Chinese civilization, follow the trend of information technology development, and develop a new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics that has strong ideological leadership, spiritual cohesion, value appeal, and international influence, and steadily promote the construction of a culturally strong nation. (33) Promote and practice the core socialist values. Deepen the study and publicity of the Party's innovative theories, and persistently forge the spirit with Xi Jinping's Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. Innovate and implement the Marxist theory research and construction project, and accelerate the establishment of an independent knowledge system for Chinese philosophy and social sciences. Lead cultural construction with the core socialist values, play the role of culture in nurturing aspirations and cultivating sentiments, and foster the spirited temperament of the entire nation Promote the culture of integrity and cleanliness. Strengthen and improve ideological and political work, advance campus cultural construction, make good use of red resources, and enhance the education of ideals and beliefs for young people. Coordinate the advancement of urban and rural spiritual civilization construction, improve the cultural literacy of the people and the level of social civilization. Strengthen the construction and management of online content. Enhance governance capabilities in the cultural field under information technology conditions. (34) Vigorously promote the cultural industry. Create a good cultural ecology, enhance cultural originality, and promote the creation of high-quality works in fields such as news publishing, broadcasting and television, literature, and art. Cultivate a large-scale, well-structured, and innovative high-level cultural talent team. Widely carry out mass cultural activities and prosper new mass arts under internet conditions. Deepen the systematic reform of mainstream media, promote integrated management of news publicity and online public opinion, and improve the ability to guide mainstream public opinion. Deeply implement the project for the inheritance and development of excellent traditional Chinese culture, promote systematic protection and unified supervision of cultural heritage, and strengthen the effective protection and living inheritance of historical and cultural cities, districts, and towns. Build and make good use of national cultural parks. Construct a Chinese civilization identification system. Adhere to cultural benefits for the people and implement actions to improve the quality and efficiency of public cultural services. Promote the construction of a book-loving society. Coordinate the development of mass sports and competitive sports, and accelerate the construction of a strong sports nation. (35) Accelerate the development of the cultural industry. Improve the cultural management system and production and operation mechanisms. Improve the cultural industry system and market system, cultivate excellent cultural enterprises and brands, implement a major cultural industry project-driven strategy, and implement proactive cultural economic policies. Promote the integration of culture and technology, empower cultural construction with digital intelligence, transform information technology, and develop new cultural formats. Guide and regulate the healthy development of online literature, online games, and online audio-visual content, and strengthen the protection of minors online. Promote the construction of a strong tourism nation, enrich the supply of high-quality tourism products, and improve the quality of tourism services. Enhance the facilitation and internationalization level of inbound tourism. Promote the deep integration of culture and tourism, vigorously develop the cultural tourism industry, and empower economic and social development with culture. (36) Enhance the dissemination and influence of Chinese civilization. Improve the international communication system and mechanism, innovate communication carriers and methods, strengthen the construction of key bases, enhance the international communication capabilities of mainstream media, comprehensively improve international discourse power, tell good Chinese stories, and present a credible, lovable, and respectable image of China. Strengthen regional and country-specific research to enhance the effectiveness of international communication. Deepen the exchange and mutual learning of civilizations, widely carry out international cultural exchange and cooperation, and encourage more cultural enterprises and excellent cultural products to go global. XI. Increase efforts to guarantee and improve people's livelihoods, and solidly promote common prosperity for all Realizing the people's aspiration for a better life is the starting point and goal of Chinese-style modernization. Adhere to doing our best within our capacity, strengthen inclusive, basic, and safety-net livelihood construction, solve urgent and difficult problems for the people, smooth social mobility channels, and improve the quality of life for the people. (37) Promote high-quality and full employment. Deeply implement the employment-first strategy, improve the employment promotion mechanism, and build an employment-friendly development model. Strengthen the coordination between industry and employment, actively cultivate new occupations and new positions, and support enterprises in stabilizing and expanding jobs. Improve the human resources supply and demand matching mechanism, establish a lifelong vocational skills training system, strengthen guidance on employment and hiring concepts, and focus on solving structural employment contradictions. Improve the employment support and public service system, stabilize and expand employment for key groups such as college graduates, migrant workers, and veterans, and promote the healthy development of flexible employment and new employment forms Increase support for entrepreneurship and enhance the employment-driving effect of entrepreneurship. Improve the labor standards system and the consultation and coordination mechanism for labor relations, strengthen the protection of workers' rights and interests, and create a fair and orderly employment environment. Improve employment impact assessment and monitoring and early warning systems to comprehensively respond to the impact of external environmental changes and new technological developments on employment. (38) Improve the income distribution system. Adhere to the principle of distribution according to labor as the mainstay, coexistence of multiple distribution methods, increase the proportion of residents' income in national income distribution, and increase the proportion of labor remuneration in primary distribution. Improve the primary distribution mechanism where various factors are evaluated by the market and remuneration is determined by contribution, promoting more rewards for those who work more, those with higher skills, and those who innovate. Improve the mechanisms for determining wages, ensuring reasonable growth and payment protection for workers, implement a collective wage negotiation system, improve the adjustment mechanism for minimum wage standards, and strengthen macro guidance on enterprise wage distribution. Increase property income for urban and rural residents through multiple channels. Strengthen redistribution adjustments through taxation, social security, and transfer payments. Promote and regulate the development of public welfare and charity. Regulate the order of income distribution and wealth accumulation mechanisms, support legal wealth creation through hard work and innovation, and encourage the rich to help the poor to promote common prosperity. Implement plans to increase income for urban and rural residents, effectively increase the income of low-income groups, steadily expand the scale of the middle-income group, reasonably adjust excessively high incomes, eliminate illegal income, and promote the formation of an olive-shaped distribution pattern. (39) Provide education that satisfies the people. Implement the moral education project in the new era, promote the effective integration of ideological and political classrooms with social classrooms, strengthen physical education, aesthetic education, and labor education, and improve the education evaluation system. Establish an education resource allocation mechanism that adapts to population changes, and expand the supply of educational resources for the net inflow of school-age population into urban areas. Gradually expand the scope of free education and explore extending the years of compulsory education. Promote the improvement and quality enhancement of basic education, coordinate the quality and balanced development of compulsory education, and the quality and inclusive development of preschool education, expand resources for general high school education, and provide quality special education and specialized education. Promote the quality improvement and expansion of higher education, and increase the enrollment scale of high-quality undergraduate education. Enhance the operational capacity of vocational schools and build distinctive higher vocational colleges. Guide and regulate the development of private education. Expand the openness of high-level education to the outside world. Promote the spirit of educators, cultivate a high-level teaching workforce, and strengthen the protection of teachers' rights and interests. Improve the collaborative education mechanism among schools, families, and society. Deeply implement the digital education strategy and optimize public services for lifelong learning. (40) Improve the social security system. Perfect and implement the national overall planning system for basic pension insurance, accelerate the development of a multi-level, multi-pillar pension insurance system, improve the mechanisms for determining and adjusting benefits, and gradually increase the basic pension for urban and rural residents. Improve the multi-level medical security system, promote provincial-level overall planning for basic medical insurance, and optimize policies for drug procurement, medical insurance payments, and the use of surplus funds. Expand the coverage of unemployment and work injury insurance, and establish and improve the occupational injury protection system. Improve policies for the transfer and continuation of social security relationships, and increase the participation rate of flexible employment personnel, migrant workers, and new employment form personnel in insurance. Improve the actuarial system for social insurance, continue to transfer state-owned capital to enrich the social security fund, and establish a long-term mechanism for raising, coordinating, preserving, increasing value, and ensuring safety of social security funds. Play the supplementary protection role of various commercial insurances. Optimize the national unified social security public service platform and management services. Improve the social assistance system. Perfect the service guarantee system for groups such as empty nesters, disadvantaged children, and people with disabilities Establish and improve the basic funeral service system. Adhere to the basic national policy of gender equality and protect the legal rights and interests of women and children. Strengthen service guarantees for veterans. (41) Promote high-quality development of the real estate sector. Accelerate the construction of a new model for real estate development, and improve the basic systems for commodity housing development, financing, and sales. Optimize the supply of affordable housing to meet the basic housing needs of urban wage earners and various disadvantaged families. Implement city-specific policies to increase the supply of improved housing. Build safe, comfortable, green, and smart "good houses," and implement housing quality improvement projects and property service quality enhancement actions. Establish a safety management system for the entire life cycle of housing. (42) Accelerate the construction of a Healthy China. Implement a health-first development strategy, improve the policy system for health promotion, enhance the effectiveness of the patriotic health campaign, and increase per capita life expectancy and the health level of the population. Strengthen public health capabilities, enhance the construction of disease control systems, and prevent and control major infectious diseases. Improve the coordinated development and governance mechanisms for medical care, health insurance, and pharmaceuticals, and promote hierarchical medical services. Deepen the reform of public hospital staffing, service pricing, and compensation systems with a focus on public welfare, and strengthen operational support for county and grassroots medical institutions. Optimize the functional positioning and layout of medical institutions, implement a strong foundation project for medical and health services, and promote the digitalization of national health. Strengthen comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases and develop a full-chain service for prevention, treatment, and health management. Enhance emergency response capabilities, blood supply, and emergency medical services. Strengthen the capacity and work style of the medical and health workforce. Promote the inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine and facilitate the integration of traditional and Western medicine. Support the development of innovative drugs and medical devices. Strengthen mental health and psychiatric services. (43) Promote high-quality population development. Improve a population service system that covers the entire population and life cycle. Advocate for a positive view on marriage and childbirth, optimize fertility support policies and incentive measures, leverage childcare subsidies and personal income tax deduction policies to effectively reduce the costs of childbirth, upbringing, and education for families. Improve the maternity insurance system, implement maternity leave policies, and carry out early pregnancy care actions and plans to enhance the prevention and treatment capabilities for birth defects. Deepen the demonstration pilot projects for childcare service subsidies, develop inclusive childcare and integrated preschool services, and gradually improve related systems. Strengthen health services for women and children. Actively respond to population aging, and improve the policy mechanisms for the coordinated development of the elderly care industry. Optimize the supply of basic elderly care services, improve the urban-rural elderly care service network, and enhance the age-friendly and barrier-free transformation of public facilities. Develop integrated medical and elderly care services. Implement long-term care insurance, improve the care system for elderly individuals with disabilities or dementia, and expand the supply of rehabilitation care and palliative care services. Steadily implement a gradual increase in the statutory retirement age, optimize age limit policies in employment and social security, actively develop elderly human resources, and promote the silver economy. (44) Steadily advance the equalization of basic public services. Establish evaluation standards for the equalization of basic public services, improve the scope and content of basic public services, formulate goals, paths, and measures to achieve equalization of basic public services, and promote more public services to be delivered to grassroots levels, rural areas, remote regions, and disadvantaged populations. Improve the allocation mechanism of public resources that matches the resident population. Strengthen the overall planning of basic public service supply in counties and improve the long-term mechanism for investment guarantees. Deepen the reform of public institutions comprehensively 12. Accelerate the Comprehensive Green Transformation of Economic and Social Development, Build a Beautiful China Green development is a distinctive feature of Chinese-style modernization. Firmly establish and practice the concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, guided by the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, and collaboratively promote carbon reduction, pollution reduction, greening, and growth, strengthen the ecological security barrier, and enhance the momentum for green development. (45) Continuously and deeply promote the battle against pollution and the optimization of ecosystems. Adhere to environmental protection for the people, fully implement precise, scientific, and law-based pollution control, pay more attention to source governance, strengthen the synergy of pollution reduction and carbon reduction, multi-pollutant control, and regional governance, and deeply fight the battles for blue skies, clear waters, and clean land. Accelerate the implementation of a regulatory system for fixed pollution sources centered on the pollutant discharge permit system. Implement comprehensive solid waste management actions. Strengthen environmental risk prevention and control, and deeply promote the governance of new pollutants. Improve the standards, monitoring, evaluation, and assessment systems for ecological environments. Adhere to the integrated protection and systematic governance of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands, and deserts, and coordinate the promotion of major projects for the protection and restoration of important ecosystems. Strictly adhere to the ecological protection red line, comprehensively promote the construction of a natural protected area system centered on national parks, and orderly establish new national parks. Strengthen biodiversity protection. Conduct assessments of ecological protection and restoration effectiveness. Scientifically carry out large-scale land greening actions and fight the tough battle of the "Three Norths" project. Strengthen the construction of ecological barriers in regions such as the Tibetan Plateau. Improve the diversified ecological compensation mechanism and expand the channels for realizing the value of ecological products according to local conditions. Strengthen the governance and ecological protection of important river and lake systems. Effectively implement a ten-year fishing ban on the Yangtze River. (46) Accelerate the construction of a new energy system. Continuously increase the proportion of new energy supply, promote the safe, reliable, and orderly replacement of fossil energy, and focus on building a new power system to create an energy powerhouse. Adhere to the simultaneous development of wind, solar, water, and nuclear energy, coordinate local consumption and external delivery, and promote the high-quality development of clean energy. Strengthen the clean and efficient utilization of fossil energy, promote the transformation and upgrading of coal-fired power, and replace scattered coal. Fully enhance the complementary and resilient levels of the power system, scientifically layout pumped storage, vigorously develop new energy storage, and accelerate the construction of smart grids and microgrids. Improve the electrification level of end-use energy and promote the greening and low-carbonization of energy consumption. Accelerate the establishment of market and pricing mechanisms that adapt to the new energy system. (47) Actively and steadily promote and achieve carbon peaking. Implement a dual control system for total carbon emissions and intensity. Deeply implement energy-saving and carbon-reducing transformations. Promote the peaking of coal and oil consumption. Improve the carbon emission statistical accounting system, steadily implement local carbon assessments, industry carbon controls, enterprise carbon management, project carbon evaluations, and product carbon footprint policies. Develop distributed energy and build zero-carbon factories and parks. Expand the coverage of the national carbon emission trading market and accelerate the construction of a voluntary greenhouse gas emission reduction trading market. Establish and improve a green low-carbon standard system, promote the improvement and mutual recognition of international rules and standards. Improve the climate change adaptation work system and enhance the ability to respond to climate change, especially extreme weather. (48) Accelerate the formation of green production and lifestyle. Deeply promote ecological environment zoning and control, strengthen the connection with land spatial planning, and collaboratively optimize industrial layout. Promote the green and low-carbon transformation of key areas such as industry, urban and rural construction, transportation, and energy. Improve the total resource management and comprehensive conservation system, enhance waste classification and resource utilization levels, and promote the development of a circular economy Continuously build national ecological civilization pilot zones, establish beautiful China pioneering areas, and create highlands for green development. Implement fiscal, financial, investment, pricing, technology, and environmental protection policies that promote green and low-carbon development. Improve the incentive mechanism for green consumption and promote green and low-carbon lifestyles. XIII. Promote the modernization of the national security system and capabilities, and build a higher level of Safe China Building a Safe China is an important part of Chinese-style modernization. Firmly implement the overall national security concept, follow the path of socialist governance with Chinese characteristics, and ensure that society is vibrant and orderly. (49) Improve the national security system. Consolidate a centralized, unified, efficient, and authoritative national security leadership system, accelerate the construction of a new security pattern, and enhance the initiative to maintain and shape national security strategies. Adhere to a strategy-led approach, policy as a tool, rule of law as a guarantee, and risk prevention and control as a focus, improve the national security legal system, strategic system, policy system, and risk prevention and control system. Strengthen coordination mechanisms in key areas of national security and important special projects, and improve emergency response effectiveness. Implement the national security responsibility system, promote coordinated interaction across the entire chain and all elements, and form a systemic synergy. Improve foreign-related national security mechanisms, build an overseas security guarantee system, strengthen counter-sanctions, counter-interference, and counter "long-arm jurisdiction" struggles, deepen international law enforcement security cooperation, and promote the improvement of global security governance. Strengthen national security education and build a solid defense line for the people. (50) Strengthen national security capability building in key areas. Forge practical national security capabilities, focusing on ensuring major security related to the long-term stability of the country, healthy and stable economic development, and the well-being of the people, prioritizing the defense of political security. Solidify the foundational guarantees for national security, ensure the safety of food, energy resources, important industrial and supply chains, and major infrastructure, strengthen the exploration, development, and reserves of strategic mineral resources, improve the intensive and safe utilization of water resources, maintain the security of strategic passages, promote the construction of national strategic hinterlands, and backup key industries. Strengthen national security capability building in emerging fields such as networks, data, artificial intelligence, biology, ecology, nuclear, space, deep sea, polar, and low altitude. Improve the ability to prevent and resolve risks in key areas, orderly resolve risks related to real estate, local government debt, and small and medium-sized financial institutions, and strictly prevent systemic risks. (51) Improve public safety governance levels. Improve the public safety system and promote the transformation of public safety governance models towards proactive prevention. Strengthen monitoring, forecasting, and early warning of meteorological, hydrological, and geological disasters, enhance disaster prevention, reduction, and response capabilities for major public emergencies, and strengthen emergency command, safety production, and food and drug safety work. Enhance the inherent safety level of important infrastructure to effectively curb major accidents. Deepen the overall prevention and control system and capability building for social security, implement responsibilities for maintaining social stability, develop and strengthen community prevention and control forces, improve the normalization mechanism for cracking down on organized crime, and increase efforts to prevent and combat telecom network fraud and drug crimes. Promote the standardized construction of comprehensive governance centers. Deepen comprehensive governance of cyberspace security and strengthen personal information protection. Strengthen the prevention and governance of juvenile delinquency. Fully and accurately implement a balanced criminal policy, punish illegal activities according to law, and improve the quality and effectiveness of punishment execution (52) Improve the social governance system. Adhere to systematic governance, rule of law governance, comprehensive governance, and source governance, and improve the social governance system of co-construction, co-governance, and sharing, promoting the modernization of social governance. Improve the system and mechanism of social work, and enhance the policy and legal framework for social governance. Strengthen the Party's construction in new economic organizations, new social organizations, and new employment groups. Enhance the cultivation and management of social organizations, and promote the reform and development of industry associations and chambers of commerce. Strengthen the Party's leadership in grassroots governance and the construction of grassroots political power, fully implement the list of responsibilities for towns (streets), and improve the access system for village (community) work matters. Adhere to and develop the "Fengqiao Experience" in the new era, strengthen rural governance, and improve community governance. Give full play to the main role of the people, guiding all parties to participate in social governance in an orderly manner. Promote coordinated governance online and offline. Strengthen the allocation of grassroots service management forces, and improve service facilities and funding guarantee mechanisms. Utilize the role of citizens' agreements, village regulations, and family education to strengthen family values, promote changes in customs, and effectively govern issues such as bad practices in marriage, funerals, and weddings. Improve the mechanism for gathering and serving the people, and consolidate the grassroots foundation of social governance. Strengthen ideological and political guidance, improve the service management of various social groups, and establish systems for coordinating interests and protecting legitimate rights and interests, caring for and supporting disadvantaged and vulnerable groups. Improve the social psychological service system and crisis intervention mechanism. Strengthen the functions of public service platforms such as citizen hotlines, and promote "responding to the people's calls." Develop volunteer services and strengthen the management of volunteer service organizations. Promote the rule of law in petition work. Deepen the resolution of conflicts and disputes at their source, in a diversified manner, and in an orderly fashion. Strengthen the construction of the social worker team and improve the level of professional services. Fourteen, Achieve the Goal of Building a Strong Army by the Centenary on Schedule, and Promote the Modernization of National Defense and the Military with High Quality Consolidating national defense and a strong military is the strategic support for Chinese-style modernization. Implement Xi Jinping's thoughts on strengthening the military, adhere to the military strategic guidelines for the new era, uphold the Party's absolute leadership over the people's army, implement the responsibility system of the Chairman of the Military Commission, and promote the new "three-step" strategy for national defense and military modernization, advancing political building of the military, reforming and strengthening the military, strengthening the military through science and technology, enhancing military talent, and governing the military according to law, while fighting, preparing for war, and building, accelerating the integrated development of mechanization, informationization, and intelligentization, and improving the strategic capabilities to defend national sovereignty, security, and development interests. (53) Accelerate the construction of advanced combat capabilities. Strengthen strategic deterrence forces to maintain global strategic balance and stability. Promote the large-scale, practical, and systematic development of new domain and new quality combat forces, accelerate the construction of unmanned intelligent combat forces and countermeasures capabilities, and enhance the upgrading and transformation of traditional combat forces. Coordinate the construction and application of the network information system, strengthen the development and utilization of data resources, and build an intelligent military system. Accelerate the construction of modern logistics. Implement major national defense development projects, expedite national defense science and technology innovation and the transformation of advanced technologies, and accelerate the development of advanced weaponry and equipment. Optimize military human resource policies and systems, improve the educational and training levels of military academies, and create a high-quality, professional new type of military talent team. Implement the modernization promotion project of military theory. Deepen strategic and operational planning, solidly promote practical military training, strengthen the integration of combat capability systems, innovate the construction and application models of combat capabilities, and enhance the relevance, initiative, and shaping power of military struggle. (54) Promote the modernization of military governance. Improve the leadership and management system of the people's army, and adjust and optimize the joint combat system. Strengthen and improve strategic management, deepen the overall planning of combat readiness, enhance the traction of combat demands, innovate management methods and means, and improve the operational efficiency of the military system and the effectiveness of national defense resource utilization. Strengthen the consultation and evaluation of major decision-making and the supervision of major projects, promote the reform of military budget management, improve the military procurement system, and enhance the statistical evaluation system for military construction. Fully implement the principle of frugality in building the military, and pursue a path of high efficiency, low cost, and sustainable development. Continuously deepen political training, promote fine traditions, and strengthen the rectification and governance of key industries and fields. Deepen the construction of the rule of law in the military, strengthen the supply and execution supervision of laws and regulations, and improve the system of military rule of law with Chinese characteristics. (55) Consolidate and enhance the integrated national strategic system and capabilities. Deepen cross-military and local reforms, and build a working pattern of cross-military and local cooperation that is well-defined, closely coordinated, and orderly. Accelerate the construction of strategic capabilities in emerging fields, promote the efficient integration of new quality productivity and new quality combat power, and drive each other in both directions. Build an advanced national defense science and technology industrial system, optimize the layout of the national defense science and technology industry, and promote the standardization of military-civilian standards. Strengthen the reporting of military needs for national defense construction and the connection between military and local, promote the comprehensive implementation of national defense requirements in major infrastructure, and enhance the strategic pre-preparation for national defense. Accelerate the construction of national defense mobilization capabilities, strengthen the construction of reserve forces, enhance modern border, maritime, and air defense construction, and promote the joint efforts of the party, government, military, police, and civilians to strengthen borders and solidify defenses. Deepen national defense education for all citizens and consolidate the unity of the military and the government. Fifteenth, unite all party members and people of all ethnic groups across the country to strive for the realization of the "14th Five-Year Plan" Persisting in and strengthening the party's comprehensive leadership is the fundamental guarantee for promoting Chinese-style modernization. Adhere to leading social revolution with the party's self-revolution, continuously promote comprehensive and strict governance of the party, enhance the party's political leadership, ideological guidance, mass organization capability, and social appeal, and improve the party's ability and level to lead economic and social development, gathering tremendous strength for promoting Chinese-style modernization. (56) Persist in and strengthen the centralized and unified leadership of the Central Committee of the Party. Improve the mechanism for implementing major decision-making and deployment of the Central Committee, ensuring smooth communication and strong execution. Continuously unify thoughts, will, and actions with the party's innovative theory. Develop intra-party democracy, improve and implement the democratic centralism, and adhere to scientific, democratic, and legal decision-making. Maintain the correct orientation in personnel selection, prioritize political standards, establish and practice a correct view of political achievements, improve the evaluation mechanism for cadres, adjust incompetent cadres, and normalize the ability for leadership cadres to rise and fall. Strengthen education and training and practical exercises, enhancing the modernization capabilities of the cadre team. Combine strict management with care, balance incentives and constraints, and stimulate the intrinsic motivation and overall vitality of the cadre team. Coordinate the promotion of grassroots party organization construction in various fields, enhance the political and organizational functions of party organizations, and give full play to the exemplary role of party members. Unwaveringly implement the spirit of the Central Committee's eight-point regulations, resolutely curb various unhealthy practices, and promote the normalization and long-term effectiveness of work style construction. Deepen the work of reducing the burden on grassroots by rectifying formalism. Improve the supervision system of the party and the state, and strengthen the regulation and supervision of power allocation and operation. Maintain a clear and firm awareness that the fight against corruption is a long-term task, and promote the integrated advancement of not daring to corrupt, being unable to corrupt, and not wanting to corrupt, resolutely fighting the tough battle, protracted battle, and overall battle against corruption. Create a political ecology of clean and upright atmosphere (57) Promote the construction of socialist democracy and rule of law. Firmly follow the path of political development with Chinese characteristics, uphold the organic unity of the Party's leadership, the people's mastery, and the rule of law, develop whole-process people's democracy, and improve the socialist rule of law system with Chinese characteristics. Uphold, improve, and effectively operate the system of people's congresses, ensure that state organs exercise power and perform duties according to the law, and ensure that the democratic rights and legitimate interests of the people are protected and realized. Uphold and improve the system of multi-party cooperation and political consultation led by the Communist Party of China, give full play to the role of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference as a specialized consultative body, strengthen the coordination and cooperation of various consultation channels, and promote the widespread and multi-level institutional development of consultative democracy. Improve grassroots democratic systems, ensuring that the people manage grassroots public affairs and public welfare undertakings according to the law. Improve mechanisms for absorbing public opinion and gathering public wisdom. Better leverage the roles of trade unions, the Communist Youth League, the Women's Federation, and other mass organizations, strengthen the construction of the industrial worker team, youth development, and policy support for the development of women and children's affairs. Promote the comprehensive development of human rights. Improve the overall pattern of united front work, consolidating and developing the broadest patriotic united front. Forge a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation and promote the construction of the Chinese national community. Adhere to the direction of Sinicization of religion in China and strengthen the rule of law in the governance of religious affairs. Fully implement the Party's overseas Chinese affairs policy and better unite the hearts and strengths of overseas Chinese. Adhere to the comprehensive rule of law, collaboratively promote scientific legislation, strict law enforcement, impartial justice, and universal compliance with the law. Strengthen the implementation and supervision of the Constitution and laws, and improve the mechanisms for maintaining the unity of national rule of law. Strengthen legislative planning and legislative review to improve legislative quality. Enhance the construction of a rule of law government, fully implement the filing and review of administrative normative documents, and improve mechanisms for substantive resolution of administrative disputes. Promote the construction of digital platforms for political and legal work, and strengthen cross-departmental law enforcement and judicial collaboration and supervision. Regulate the exercise of judicial power, improve mechanisms for achieving and evaluating judicial fairness, and enhance the fairness, stability, and authority of judicial rulings. Strengthen prosecutorial supervision and enhance public interest litigation. Legally protect personal rights, property rights, and personality rights, and improve the long-term mechanism for regulating law enforcement related to enterprises, preventing and correcting illegal extraterritorial law enforcement and profit-driven law enforcement. Improve the national enforcement system to effectively solve the "difficulties in enforcement" problem. Accelerate the construction of the foreign-related rule of law system and capabilities, and improve mechanisms for international commercial mediation, arbitration, and litigation. Strengthen supervision and inspection of leading cadres' law-based governance, and improve comprehensive legal evaluation work mechanisms. Promote the construction of a rule of law society, creating a good environment in which the whole society respects the rule of law, adheres to rules, honors contracts, and maintains justice. (58) Promote the long-term prosperity and stability of Hong Kong and Macau. Firmly implement the principles of "one country, two systems," "Hong Kong people governing Hong Kong," "Macau people governing Macau," and a high degree of autonomy, implement the principles of "patriots governing Hong Kong" and "patriots governing Macau," enhance the effectiveness of governance in Hong Kong and Macau according to the law, and promote the economic and social development of Hong Kong and Macau. Support Hong Kong and Macau in better integrating into and serving the overall national development, strengthen cooperation between Hong Kong, Macau, and the mainland in trade, technology, culture, etc., and improve policies and measures to facilitate the development and living of Hong Kong and Macau residents in the mainland. Leverage the unique advantages and important roles of Hong Kong and Macau, which are backed by the motherland and connected to the world, consolidate and enhance Hong Kong's status as an international financial, shipping, and trade center, support Hong Kong in building an international innovation and technology center, continuously highlight Macau's role as "one center, one platform, one base," promote the moderate diversification of Macau's economy, and support Hong Kong and Macau in creating a highland for the gathering of international high-end talents (59) Promote the peaceful development of cross-strait relations and advance the great cause of national reunification. Deeply implement the overall strategy of the Party in the new era to resolve the Taiwan issue, firmly combat "Taiwan independence" separatist forces, oppose external interference, maintain peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait, and firmly grasp the initiative and dominance in cross-strait relations. Deepen cross-strait exchanges and cooperation, and jointly inherit and promote Chinese culture. Advance the construction of a high-quality cross-strait integration development demonstration zone, strengthen industrial cooperation, and promote economic cooperation across the strait. Implement policies that ensure Taiwan compatriots enjoy equal treatment, create better conditions for Taiwan compatriots to study, work, and live on the mainland, and enhance the well-being of compatriots on both sides of the strait. (60) Promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind. Advocate for an equal and orderly multipolar world, inclusive and beneficial economic globalization, expand the global partnership network, and promote the establishment of a new type of international relations. Deepen regional development integration, strengthen common security, consolidate strategic mutual trust, and build a community of shared destiny in the region. Maintain overall stability in major power relations, deepen solidarity and cooperation with developing countries, implement global development initiatives, global security initiatives, global civilization initiatives, and global governance initiatives, and guide the international order towards a more just and reasonable direction. Support the global South in self-reliance, increase foreign aid efforts, and provide more international public goods. Firmly oppose hegemonic, domineering, and bullying behaviors, defend international fairness and justice, and safeguard the common interests of all countries' peoples. Promote the common values of all humanity, push for the construction of a world of lasting peace, universal security, common prosperity, openness and inclusiveness, and cleanliness and beauty, and make China's contribution to building a community with a shared future for mankind. (61) Fully mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity of the whole society to engage in the construction of Chinese-style modernization. In accordance with the spirit of this plenary session, formulate the national and local "14th Five-Year" planning outline and special plans, forming a national planning system with accurate positioning, clear boundaries, complementary functions, and unified connections. Strengthen the monitoring, evaluation, and supervision of planning implementation, improve policy coordination and work collaboration mechanisms, and ensure that the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee are implemented. Implement the principle of respecting labor, knowledge, talent, and creativity, stimulate the vitality of the whole society to engage in entrepreneurship and innovation, and create a vibrant situation where everyone can contribute their talents, talents are fully utilized, and all work together to make progress. The entire Party, the armed forces, and all ethnic groups across the country must unite more closely around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, work together to basically achieve socialist modernization, and continuously create a new situation in promoting the construction of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the nation through Chinese-style modernization. (End) This article is sourced from: Xinhua News Agency, original title: "Suggestions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development"