By Aishwarya Jain and Neil J Kanatt
March 16 (Reuters) - Cruise operators face choppy waters as rising oil prices lift fuel costs, with analysts warning Carnival Corp (CCL.N) could take the biggest hit to its 2026 profit as it is the only major U.S. cruise line that does not hedge fuel.
Oil prices have risen more than 35% since the beginning of the conflict in Iran, as attacks on oil and transport facilities across the Middle East and disruptions to energy flows through the Strait of Hormuz raised concerns about global supply.
Brent futures crossed $100 per barrel on Friday, compared with $72.48 before the conflict began. Iran has warned that oil prices could surge as high as $200 a barrel.
Cruise lines, which rely on heavy fuel oil and marine gas oil among other fuel types, turn to hedging to lock in prices via financial contracts and protect against sudden swings.
However, Carnival Corp in the U.S. is an exception.
A 10% change in fuel cost per metric ton would reduce Carnival’s 2026 net income by $145 million, compared with $57 million for rival Royal Caribbean (RCL.N) , according to the latest company filings.
Norwegian Cruise Line (NCLH.N) said it has not updated its fuel hedges from its earnings from early March and the 10% change would cut full-year profit per share by 7 cents. This is equivalent to a roughly $90 million fall in net income, according to calculations by Morningstar Research.
“During 2022’s oil spike, Carnival’s fuel costs rose more rapidly than its peers,” CFRA analyst Alex Fasciano said.
In 2022, when oil prices rose after the Ukraine conflict broke out, Carnival’s fuel costs were 17.7% of its total revenue, compared with 12.1% for Royal Caribbean and 14.2% for Norwegian.
“Carnival also owns a larger fleet, meaning the level of consumption is also higher than their counterparts,” Fasciano said.
“Our best hedge against fuel costs is to use less, so we focus on using less fuel in the first place,” Carnival said in an e-mailed statement to Reuters.
“We’ve cut our fuel use by 18% since 2011 despite increasing capacity by roughly 38% during that time,” the company said, adding that it does not see a long-term net benefit in hedging.
Carnival is expected to report first-quarter results on Friday.
Royal Caribbean did not respond to a Reuters query.
<h3>POTENTIAL DEMAND DRAG</h3>
The cost challenge comes during the “wave season” between January and March, the industry’s busiest booking period, when operators offer special cruise deals and discounts for the year.
Major cruise operators run global itineraries, with the Caribbean and transatlantic routes accounting for a large portion of capacity and passenger demand. None had ships in the Middle East when the conflict began, limiting their immediate operational exposure to the region.
“Despite zero direct exposure to the Middle East, shocks like this one have the potential to step up consumer hesitation in the booking process, especially for Americans thinking of traveling abroad,” Barclays analyst Brandt Montour said.
It could impact American customers’ bookings to Europe, particularly for transatlantic travel, which tend to be higher priced, according to Lizzie Dove, analyst at Goldman Sachs.
These cruises tend to run during the third quarter and have a disproportionately large contribution to cruise operators’ incomes, she added.
Shares of Cruise operators so far this year
<img src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://www.reuters.com/graphics/CRUISES-SHARES/CRUISES-SHARES/lbvgyoogyvq/chart.png?x-oss-process=image/auto-orient,1/interlace,1/resize,w_1440,h_1440/quality,q_95/format,jpg" alt="" width="1744" height="910" original-src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://www.reuters.com/graphics/CRUISES-SHARES/CRUISES-SHARES/lbvgyoogyvq/chart.png"/>
Fuel Costs as % of Total Revenue for major U.S. Cruise Operators
<img src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://www.reuters.com/graphics/CRUISE-FUEL/gdvzawwrmpw/chart.png?x-oss-process=image/auto-orient,1/interlace,1/resize,w_1440,h_1440/quality,q_95/format,jpg" alt="" width="1304" height="394" original-src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://www.reuters.com/graphics/CRUISE-FUEL/gdvzawwrmpw/chart.png"/>
Fleet Sizes of Major U.S. Cruise Operators
<img src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://www.reuters.com/graphics/CRUISE-FLEET/zjpqmeejrpx/chart.png?x-oss-process=image/auto-orient,1/interlace,1/resize,w_1440,h_1440/quality,q_95/format,jpg" alt="" width="1420" height="436" original-src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://www.reuters.com/graphics/CRUISE-FLEET/zjpqmeejrpx/chart.png"/>
Major US Cruise Operators’ Annual Adjusted Earnings/Loss Per Share
<img src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://reut.rs/40uDTq8?x-oss-process=image/auto-orient,1/interlace,1/resize,w_1440,h_1440/quality,q_95/format,jpg" alt="" width="1420" height="552" original-src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://reut.rs/40uDTq8"/>

US cruises sail into higher costs as oil prices rally; Carnival could be hardest hit