<p>西班牙竞争管理局 CNMC 发现，在线旅行社 Booking.com 在过去五年滥用了主导市场地位。周二，该机构对该公司处以 4.1324 亿欧元的罚款（按当前汇率约合 4.47 亿美元）。</p>
<p>CNMC 于 2022 年 10 月对 Booking.com 展开调查，此前西班牙酒店经理协会和马德里地区酒店协会提出投诉。监管机构的调查证实，Booking 对酒店施加了不公平的条款和条件，使得竞争对手难以竞争。</p>
<p>在所涉时期，Booking.com 在西班牙在线旅行社向酒店提供在线预订中介服务市场中占据了 70% 至 90% 的份额。</p>
<p>CNMC 在一份新闻稿中写道：“自 2019 年 1 月 1 日至今，该公司通过对位于西班牙的酒店使用其预订中介服务施加各种不公平商业条件，并限制其他提供相同服务的在线旅行社的竞争...”</p>
<p>该机构得出结论称，Booking 在其平台上对使用其平台的酒店施加了不公平的价格条款，阻止它们在自己的网站上以低于 Booking.com 提供的价格提供客房，即使该平台保留了通过其网站或应用程序单方面降低酒店提供价格的权利。</p>
<p>CNMC 还发现了与公司一般条款相关的问题，指出只有英文版本的条款具有法律效力，而适用于这些条款的法律和有管辖权的法院是荷兰，Booking 的总部所在地。这使得西班牙实体在发生纠纷时起诉 Booking 比应该更昂贵。</p>
<p>此外，调查结果指出，Booking 在向酒店提供一系列订阅产品的价值方面缺乏透明度，这些产品允许酒店通过支付更高的佣金费用或以折扣价提供部分客房来提高其在平台默认排名中的位置。</p>
<p>CNMC 表示，Booking 能够通过将酒店通过其平台的总预订量作为默认搜索结果列表中的排名标准来滥用其主导地位，从而鼓励酒店集中其在线预订在 Booking.com 上。</p>
<p>该机构的调查结果还强调了 Booking 使用的绩效要求，作为酒店进入和留在两个前述订阅计划的标准，但发现这主要是基于每家酒店对 Booking.com 的盈利能力。</p>
<p>CNMC 补充说：“这鼓励希望进入或留在这些计划中的酒店遵循一项定价和可用性政策，导致他们将销售集中在该平台上，损害其他竞争机构的利益。”</p>
<p>西班牙当局实施的制裁分为两项，每项对滥用主导地位的行为处以 2.0662 亿欧元的罚款。第一项是对西班牙酒店施加的不公平条款，第二项是限制其他在线旅行社的竞争。</p>
<p>该机构还对 Booking 施加了行为义务，要求其停止违规行为，并确保不会从事任何可能在未来产生等效影响的类似行为。</p>
<p>Booking.com 已被要求就 CNMC 的制裁做出回应。该公司可以在两个月内向国家法院上诉，但必须在此之前这样做。</p>
<p>除了西班牙，这家欧洲旅行巨头在未来几个月将面临欧盟范围内更严格的监管，因为它在今年 5 月被指定为数字市场法案下的关键市场参与者。它将被要求在 11 月中旬之前遵守该制度，否则可能面临不遵守规定的罚款，罚款金额可达全球年营业额的 10%（对于重复违规行为可达 20%）。</p>

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<p>西班牙反垄断监管机构对 Booking.com 开出了 4.1324 亿欧元（4.47 亿美元）的罚款，原因是其不公平条款和限制竞争。Booking.com 滥用其主导市场地位，对酒店施加不公平条件，并限制竞争对手旅行社的发展。该公司将面临欧盟更严格的监管，并可能对这一处罚提出上诉</p>

<p>Spain’s competition authority, the CNMC, has found that online travel agency Booking.com abused a dominant market position over the past five years. It fined the company €413.24 million (or around $447 million at current exchange rates) on Tuesday.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>西班牙竞争管理局 CNMC 发现，在线旅行社 Booking.com 在过去五年滥用了主导市场地位。周二，该机构对该公司处以 4.1324 亿欧元的罚款（按当前汇率约合 4.47 亿美元）。</p>
</div><p>The CNMC opened an investigation of Booking.com back in October 2022, following complaints by the Spanish Association of Hotel Managers and the Regional Hotel Association of Madrid. The watchdog’s probe confirmed that Booking imposed unfair terms and conditions on hotels that the authority said made it difficult for rival travel agencies to compete.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>CNMC 于 2022 年 10 月对 Booking.com 展开调查，此前西班牙酒店经理协会和马德里地区酒店协会提出投诉。监管机构的调查证实，Booking 对酒店施加了不公平的条款和条件，使得竞争对手难以竞争。</p>
</div><p>Booking.com held a share of between 70% and 90% of the market in Spain for provision of online booking intermediation services to hotels by online travel agencies over the period in question.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>在所涉时期，Booking.com 在西班牙在线旅行社向酒店提供在线预订中介服务市场中占据了 70% 至 90% 的份额。</p>
</div><p>“The company has committed two abuses of its dominant position since at least January 1, 2019 until today by imposing various unfair commercial conditions on hotels located in Spain that use its booking intermediation services and restricting competition from other online travel agencies… that offer the same services,” the CNMC wrote in a press release [in Spanish; this is a machine translation].</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>CNMC 在一份新闻稿中写道：“自 2019 年 1 月 1 日至今，该公司通过对位于西班牙的酒店使用其预订中介服务施加各种不公平商业条件，并限制其他提供相同服务的在线旅行社的竞争...”</p>
</div><p>The authority concluded that Booking imposed an unfair price clause on hotels using its platform that prevented them from offering their rooms on their own websites for less than the price offered on Booking.com, even as the platform reserved the right to unilaterally reduce the price hotels offer through its website or application.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>该机构得出结论称，Booking 在其平台上对使用其平台的酒店施加了不公平的价格条款，阻止它们在自己的网站上以低于 Booking.com 提供的价格提供客房，即使该平台保留了通过其网站或应用程序单方面降低酒店提供价格的权利。</p>
</div><p>The CNMC also found fault with issues related to clauses pertaining to the company’s general terms, stating that only an English version of the terms had legal value whereas both the law applicable to the terms, and the competent courts, are of the Netherlands, where Booking is headquartered. This made it more expensive than it should be for Spanish entities to take Booking to court in the event of a dispute.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>CNMC 还发现了与公司一般条款相关的问题，指出只有英文版本的条款具有法律效力，而适用于这些条款的法律和有管辖权的法院是荷兰，Booking 的总部所在地。这使得西班牙实体在发生纠纷时起诉 Booking 比应该更昂贵。</p>
</div><p>Additionally, the investigation findings call out a lack of transparency around the value Booking provided hotels via a series of subscription products that allow hotels to improve their position in the platform’s default rankings in exchange for paying higher commission fees or offering some of their rooms at discounted rates.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>此外，调查结果指出，Booking 在向酒店提供一系列订阅产品的价值方面缺乏透明度，这些产品允许酒店通过支付更高的佣金费用或以折扣价提供部分客房来提高其在平台默认排名中的位置。</p>
</div><p>The CNMC said Booking was able to abuse its dominant position by restricting competition from other online travel agencies by using the total number of reservations for a hotel through its platform as a ranking criterion in the default search results lists, thereby encouraging hotels to concentrate their online bookings on Booking.com.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>CNMC 表示，Booking 能够通过将酒店通过其平台的总预订量作为默认搜索结果列表中的排名标准来滥用其主导地位，从而鼓励酒店集中其在线预订在 Booking.com 上。</p>
</div><p>The authority’s findings also highlight the use of a performance requirement by Booking that it used as a criterion for hotels accessing and remaining in two of the aforementioned subscription programs — but which it found to be based “primarily on the profitability of each hotel for Booking.com.”</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>该机构的调查结果还强调了 Booking 使用的绩效要求，作为酒店进入和留在两个前述订阅计划的标准，但发现这主要是基于每家酒店对 Booking.com 的盈利能力。</p>
</div><p>“This encourages hotels that want to access or remain in the programs to follow a pricing and availability policy that leads them to concentrate their sales on the platform, to the detriment of other competing agencies,” the CNMC added.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>CNMC 补充说：“这鼓励希望进入或留在这些计划中的酒店遵循一项定价和可用性政策，导致他们将销售集中在该平台上，损害其他竞争机构的利益。”</p>
</div><p>The sanction imposed by the Spanish authority breaks down into two penalties of €206.62M apiece for each of the abuses of a dominant position. The first is the unfair T&amp;Cs imposed on hotels in Spain, and the second being the restriction of competition from other online travel agencies.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>西班牙当局实施的制裁分为两项，每项对滥用主导地位的行为处以 2.0662 亿欧元的罚款。第一项是对西班牙酒店施加的不公平条款，第二项是限制其他在线旅行社的竞争。</p>
</div><p>The authority has also imposed behavioral obligations on Booking, which require it to stop the infringing conduct and ensure it does not engage in any other similar conduct that could product an equivalent effect in the future.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>该机构还对 Booking 施加了行为义务，要求其停止违规行为，并确保不会从事任何可能在未来产生等效影响的类似行为。</p>
</div><p>Booking.com has been contacted for a response to the CNMC’s sanction. The company may appeal the sanction before the National Court but must do so within two months.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>Booking.com 已被要求就 CNMC 的制裁做出回应。该公司可以在两个月内向国家法院上诉，但必须在此之前这样做。</p>
</div><p>Beyond Spain, the European travel giant is facing tighter regulation across the EU in the coming months, following its designation as a gatekeeper under the bloc’s Digital Markets Act back in May. It will be expected to be compliant with that regime by mid November with the risk of penalties for non-compliance that can reach up to 10% of global annual turnover (or 20% for repeat offenses).</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>除了西班牙，这家欧洲旅行巨头在未来几个月将面临欧盟范围内更严格的监管，因为它在今年 5 月被指定为数字市场法案下的关键市场参与者。它将被要求在 11 月中旬之前遵守该制度，否则可能面临不遵守规定的罚款，罚款金额可达全球年营业额的 10%（对于重复违规行为可达 20%）。</p>
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西班牙反垄断监管机构对 Booking.com 处以近 4.5 亿美元罚款，原因是其不公平条款和限制竞争对手