<p>你的 401(k) 计划中存了多少钱？这在很大程度上取决于年龄，当然也取决于多年来你的缴纳金额。你如何投资这笔钱也是一个因素。</p>
<p>然而，对于 65 岁（或更大年龄）的美国居民来说，平均数是 232,710 美元。这是根据共同基金公司和退休计划管理公司 Vanguard 在其 2023 年审视所有计划参与者的数据编制的。不错。</p>
<p>问题在于，大多数人在达到退休年龄，或者至少接近退休年龄时，可能会做得更好。而且，并不需要取得巨大的成就或者运气极佳。关键在于更好地做更多小事。</p>
<p>以下是四项顶级策略的详细介绍，这些策略将帮助您在准备退休时超越平均水平。</p>
<h2>1. 尽早开始</h2>
<p>这是一个如此简单的前提，以至于几乎不足以被视为一种策略。这实际上更像是一种残酷的现实。</p>
<p>尽管如此，需要指出的是，时间是投资者的最大盟友。您开始储蓄得越早，您的状况就会越好。远远超出您可能想象的范围。</p>
<p>一番简单的数字计算令人瞠目结舌。假设您匹配 <strong>标普 500 指数</strong> 的平均年回报率为 10%，在标普 500 指数上投资 10,000 美元，10 年后价值将接近 26,000 美元。然而，20 年后，这笔 10,000 美元的投资将价值超过 67,000 美元。让这笔钱在 30 年内增长，您将拥有超过 175,000 美元。40 年后呢？最初的 10,000 美元将价值惊人的 452,000 美元。</p>
<p>大多数人在刚开始工作时并没有额外的 10,000 美元可以储蓄，但这并不是重点。这里的重点只是为了说明随着时间的推移，复利增长的威力。即使您只能从小额开始，也应该这样做。随着收入的增加，您可以做出更多的贡献来建立您的养老金。</p>
<h2>2. 自动化</h2>
<p>大多数提供 401(k) 计划的雇主允许您扣除一部分工资存入养老账户。事实上，对于大多数雇主来说，这是向计划中缴纳款项的唯一途径。通常只需要填写一张表格。</p>
<p>不要忽视这一点！决定&#34;明年再说&#34;或者&#34;我会在 401(k) 账户之外进行投资&#34;很容易，结果可能永远都没有实施。您的雇主可能会让处理这些事情变得比您自己处理要容易得多。</p>
<p><img src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://g.foolcdn.com/image//query-b3A9cmVzaXplJnVybD1odHRwczovL2cuZm9vbGNkbi5jb20vZWRpdG9yaWFsL2ltYWdlcy83ODk3MjYvZmVtYWxlLWludmVzdG9yLXJldmlld2luZy1oZXItcG9ydGZvbGlvLW9uLWEtbGFwdG9wLmpwZyZ3PTcwMA?x-oss-process=image/auto-orient,1/interlace,1/resize,w_1440,h_1440/quality,q_95/format,jpg" alt="" original-src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://g.foolcdn.com/image//query-b3A9cmVzaXplJnVybD1odHRwczovL2cuZm9vbGNkbi5jb20vZWRpdG9yaWFsL2ltYWdlcy83ODk3MjYvZmVtYWxlLWludmVzdG9yLXJldmlld2luZy1oZXItcG9ydGZvbGlvLW9uLWEtbGFwdG9wLmpwZyZ3PTcwMA"/></p>
<p>图片来源：Getty Images。</p>
<p>在这个同样的思路中，不要忘记实际投资进入您的养老账户中的现金！</p>
<p>现在很多雇主都使用默认投资选项 -- 通常是简单的指数基金 -- 为那些没有要求特定基金配置选择的员工。在大多数情况下，这种基金会表现得很好。然而，绝对不要做的一件事是储蓄资金然后让其简单地留在账户中作为现金，几乎不赚取任何利息。</p>
<h2>3. 至少确保获得公司的匹配贡献</h2>
<p>虽然您不一定会止步于此，但至少您应该自己贡献足够的资金，以获得雇主愿意存入您 401(k) 账户的任何金额的 100%。</p>
<p>这可能因公司而异。对于大多数计划，您总工资的最多 6% 甚至有资格获得雇主的匹配，即使公司可能只匹配这些贡献的一部分。根据 Vanguard 的报告，去年的平均匹配额仅为平均工人总工资的 4.6%。</p>
<p>尽管如此，这是数百甚至数千美元的免费资金，实现了您已经在储蓄的资金的 100% 回报。</p>
<h2>4. 成长投资并不一定意味着激进风险</h2>
<p>最后但同样重要的是，尽管您可能被告知实现良好的增长需要您在选择时采取激进的方式，但这并不一定意味着您必须承担过大的风险或成为高度活跃的投资者。事实上，&#34;少即是多&#34;的原则在为养老金进行投资时非常适用。也就是说，较少的交易和更简单的策略通常会带来比您可能通过更积极或狭隘的方法获得的更多收益。</p>
<p>标准普尔的数据将这个想法展现得淋漓尽致。在过去的 10 年中，超过 87% 向美国投资者提供的主动管理的大盘股共同基金实际表现不及标普 500 指数。为什么？主要是因为努力击败市场导致人们做出导致基金表现不佳的决策。即使专业人士在市场定时或特定交易时也不是很擅长！</p>
<p>这不仅仅是 10 年的时间跨度。大多数大盘股基金在过去五年以及过去 15 年都落后于标普 500 指数。中盘股和小盘股基金与它们的基准相比也是如此。</p>
<p>这并不是说击败市场是不可能的；当您的 401(k) 选项仅限于特定共同基金家族的产品时，您很少有可能做到这一点。最高概率、最高回报的选择通常是最简单的指数基金。</p>

大都会人寿

<p>根据 2023 年先锋集团的数据，美国 65 岁及以上的 401(k) 账户持有者平均储蓄为 137,710 美元。为了超过这一平均水平，个人应考虑四种策略：早期开始储蓄以利用复利增长，通过雇主计划自动定期存款，获取公司匹配的捐款，并采取最小化风险的增长投资方法。这些策略可以显著增加退休储蓄，而无需采取激烈措施</p>

<p>How much money do you have saved up in your 401(k)? It's largely a function of age, of course, and how much you've contributed to it over the years. How you've invested this money is also a factor.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>你的 401(k) 计划中存了多少钱？这在很大程度上取决于年龄，当然也取决于多年来你的缴纳金额。你如何投资这笔钱也是一个因素。</p>
</div><p>For 65-year-olds (or older) living in the United States though, the average number is $232,710. That's according to data compiled by mutual fund company and retirement plan administrator Vanguard in its 2023 look at all of its plans' participants. Not bad.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>然而，对于 65 岁（或更大年龄）的美国居民来说，平均数是 232,710 美元。这是根据共同基金公司和退休计划管理公司 Vanguard 在其 2023 年审视所有计划参与者的数据编制的。不错。</p>
</div><p>The thing is, most people could probably do even better by the time they reach this retirement -- or at least near-retirement -- age. And it wouldn't take a monumental feat or a massive stroke of luck do so. The key is just doing more of the little things better.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>问题在于，大多数人在达到退休年龄，或者至少接近退休年龄时，可能会做得更好。而且，并不需要取得巨大的成就或者运气极佳。关键在于更好地做更多小事。</p>
</div><p>Here's a closer look at the top four strategies that will help you beat the average by the time you're ready to retire.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>以下是四项顶级策略的详细介绍，这些策略将帮助您在准备退休时超越平均水平。</p>
</div><h2>1. Start as early as possible</h2>
<div class="lb-trans"><h2>1. 尽早开始</h2>
</div><p>It's such a simple premise that it hardly even qualifies as a strategy. It's really more of hard truth.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>这是一个如此简单的前提，以至于几乎不足以被视为一种策略。这实际上更像是一种残酷的现实。</p>
</div><p>Nevertheless, it needs to be said that time is an investor's top ally. The sooner you start saving anything, the better off you'll be. And by far more than you ever might imagine.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>尽管如此，需要指出的是，时间是投资者的最大盟友。您开始储蓄得越早，您的状况就会越好。远远超出您可能想象的范围。</p>
</div><p>A little number-crunching makes for an eye-popping comparison. Assuming you're matching the <strong>S&amp;P 500</strong>'s average annual return of 10%, a $10,000 investment in an S&amp;P 500 index would be worth nearly $26,000 after 10 years. After 20 years though, that $10,000 investment would be worth more than $67,000. Letting this money fester for 30 years would leave you with over $175,000. And a 40-year run? That initial $10,000 would be worth an incredible $452,000.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>一番简单的数字计算令人瞠目结舌。假设您匹配 <strong>标普 500 指数</strong> 的平均年回报率为 10%，在标普 500 指数上投资 10,000 美元，10 年后价值将接近 26,000 美元。然而，20 年后，这笔 10,000 美元的投资将价值超过 67,000 美元。让这笔钱在 30 年内增长，您将拥有超过 175,000 美元。40 年后呢？最初的 10,000 美元将价值惊人的 452,000 美元。</p>
</div><p>Most people don't have an extra $10,000 to tuck away when they're first starting their working years, but that's not the point. The point here is simply to illustrate the power of compounding your growth as time marches on. Even if you can only start small, you should. As you increase your income, you can make even more contributions toward building your nest egg.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>大多数人在刚开始工作时并没有额外的 10,000 美元可以储蓄，但这并不是重点。这里的重点只是为了说明随着时间的推移，复利增长的威力。即使您只能从小额开始，也应该这样做。随着收入的增加，您可以做出更多的贡献来建立您的养老金。</p>
</div><h2>2. Automate it</h2>
<div class="lb-trans"><h2>2. 自动化</h2>
</div><p>Most employers offering 401(k) plans allow you to deduct a portion of your paycheck to deposit into your retirement account. In fact, for most employers this is the only way to make contributions to your plan. It's often just a matter of filling out a form.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>大多数提供 401(k) 计划的雇主允许您扣除一部分工资存入养老账户。事实上，对于大多数雇主来说，这是向计划中缴纳款项的唯一途径。通常只需要填写一张表格。</p>
</div><p>Don't neglect to do this! It's all too easy to decide, &#34;I'll do it next year&#34; or, &#34;I'll invest outside of a 401(k) account&#34; only to end up never actually doing so. Your employer probably makes it much easier to handle than you'd experience on your own.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>不要忽视这一点！决定&#34;明年再说&#34;或者&#34;我会在 401(k) 账户之外进行投资&#34;很容易，结果可能永远都没有实施。您的雇主可能会让处理这些事情变得比您自己处理要容易得多。</p>
</div><p><img src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://g.foolcdn.com/image//query-b3A9cmVzaXplJnVybD1odHRwczovL2cuZm9vbGNkbi5jb20vZWRpdG9yaWFsL2ltYWdlcy83ODk3MjYvZmVtYWxlLWludmVzdG9yLXJldmlld2luZy1oZXItcG9ydGZvbGlvLW9uLWEtbGFwdG9wLmpwZyZ3PTcwMA" alt="" original-src="https://g.foolcdn.com/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fg.foolcdn.com%2Feditorial%2Fimages%2F789726%2Ffemale-investor-reviewing-her-portfolio-on-a-laptop.jpg&amp;op=resize&amp;w=700"/></p>
<p>Image source: Getty Images.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>图片来源：Getty Images。</p>
</div><p>In this same vein, don't forget to actually invest the cash going into your retirement account either!</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>在这个同样的思路中，不要忘记实际投资进入您的养老账户中的现金！</p>
</div><p>Lots of employers now use a default investment option -- usually a simple index fund -- for employees who don't request a specific fund allocation choice for their contributions. And in most cases this fund will do just fine. The one thing you absolutely don't want to do, however, is save up money and then let it simply sit in the account as cash, earning next to nothing.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>现在很多雇主都使用默认投资选项 -- 通常是简单的指数基金 -- 为那些没有要求特定基金配置选择的员工。在大多数情况下，这种基金会表现得很好。然而，绝对不要做的一件事是储蓄资金然后让其简单地留在账户中作为现金，几乎不赚取任何利息。</p>
</div><h2>3. At least secure your company's matching contribution</h2>
<div class="lb-trans"><h2>3. 至少确保获得公司的匹配贡献</h2>
</div><p>Not that you'll necessarily want to stop there, but at the very least you should contribute enough of your own money to earn 100% of whatever amount of your own contribution your employer is also willing to deposit into your 401(k).</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>虽然您不一定会止步于此，但至少您应该自己贡献足够的资金，以获得雇主愿意存入您 401(k) 账户的任何金额的 100%。</p>
</div><p>This can vary from one company to another. For most plans a maximum of 6% of your total wages are even eligible for an employer match, and even then the company may only match a portion of these contributions. Vanguard reports last year's average match was only 4.6% of the average workers' total pay, for the record.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>这可能因公司而异。对于大多数计划，您总工资的最多 6% 甚至有资格获得雇主的匹配，即使公司可能只匹配这些贡献的一部分。根据 Vanguard 的报告，去年的平均匹配额仅为平均工人总工资的 4.6%。</p>
</div><p>Still, that's hundreds if not thousands of dollars' worth of free money, achieving a 100% return on part of the money you're already saving anyway.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>尽管如此，这是数百甚至数千美元的免费资金，实现了您已经在储蓄的资金的 100% 回报。</p>
</div><h2>4. Growth investing doesn't have to mean aggressive risk</h2>
<div class="lb-trans"><h2>4. 成长投资并不一定意味着激进风险</h2>
</div><p>Last but certainly not least, although you've probably been told that achieving good growth requires you to be aggressive with your picks, that doesn't necessarily mean you must also take oversize risks or be a highly active investor. Indeed, the principle of &#34;less is more&#34; actually applies quite nicely when it comes to investing for retirement. That is to say, less trading and simpler strategies often lead to more gains than you'd likely achieve with a more active or narrowly focused approach.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>最后但同样重要的是，尽管您可能被告知实现良好的增长需要您在选择时采取激进的方式，但这并不一定意味着您必须承担过大的风险或成为高度活跃的投资者。事实上，&#34;少即是多&#34;的原则在为养老金进行投资时非常适用。也就是说，较少的交易和更简单的策略通常会带来比您可能通过更积极或狭隘的方法获得的更多收益。</p>
</div><p>Data from Standard &amp; Poor's puts this idea in shocking perspective. Over the course of the past 10 years more than 87% of actively managed large-cap mutual funds available to U.S. investors actually underperformed the S&amp;P 500 index. Why? Largely because the effort to beat the market leads people to make decisions that cause a fund to lag its overall performance. Even the pros aren't very good at timing the market, or timing a particular trade!</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>标准普尔的数据将这个想法展现得淋漓尽致。在过去的 10 年中，超过 87% 向美国投资者提供的主动管理的大盘股共同基金实际表现不及标普 500 指数。为什么？主要是因为努力击败市场导致人们做出导致基金表现不佳的决策。即使专业人士在市场定时或特定交易时也不是很擅长！</p>
</div><p>And it's not just the 10-year time frame. Most large-cap funds have lagged the S&amp;P 500 for the past five years, as well as the past 15 years. Ditto for mid-cap and small-cap funds compared to their benchmarks.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>这不仅仅是 10 年的时间跨度。大多数大盘股基金在过去五年以及过去 15 年都落后于标普 500 指数。中盘股和小盘股基金与它们的基准相比也是如此。</p>
</div><p>That's not to say it's impossible to beat the market; certainly some people do it. When your 401(k) options are limited to a particular mutual fund family's offerings though, it's less than likely you'll be able to do so. The highest-odds, highest-reward choice is often the simplest of index funds.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>这并不是说击败市场是不可能的；当您的 401(k) 选项仅限于特定共同基金家族的产品时，您很少有可能做到这一点。最高概率、最高回报的选择通常是最简单的指数基金。</p>
</div>

The Average American Age 65 and Older With a 401(k) Retirement Account Has $232,710 Invested in It. 4 Strategies to Help You Beat the Average Before You Retire.

65 岁及以上的美国人平均在 401(k) 退休账户中投资了 232,710 美元。以下是 4 种策略，帮助你在退休前超越这一平均水平