<p>特朗普总统已决定增加华盛顿特区街头的联邦执法人员数量——他认为这是打击犯罪所必需的措施。</p>
<p>这一举动被广泛视为对特区领导层的反击，包括市长穆里尔·鲍泽（Muriel Bowser）。</p>
<p>许多具体细节尚未确定，包括将部署的额外联邦执法人员的总数及其确切位置。白宫以安全考虑为由未透露这些细节。</p>
<p>然而，白宫官员表示，华盛顿特区的街头将会看到增加的执法人员。这一措施预计主要在深夜时段出现。</p>
<p>这一努力由美国公园警察主导，但还涉及包括国会警察、联邦调查局、法警服务和毒品执法局在内的多个其他机构。</p>
<p>白宫新闻秘书卡罗琳·莱维特表示，尽管华盛顿是 “一个令人惊叹的城市”，但它 “长期以来一直受到暴力犯罪的困扰。” 她还表示，特朗普 “致力于让华盛顿特区对居民、立法者和来自世界各地的游客更加安全。”</p>
<p>关于华盛顿犯罪危机的说法与城市警察局——华盛顿特区警察局（MPD）的犯罪统计数据相悖。这些统计数据显示，今年迄今为止，暴力犯罪比 2024 年的水平下降了 26%。2024 年的犯罪水平又低于 2023 年。</p>
<p>现在的关键问题是，接下来会发生什么？</p>
<h2><strong>特朗普会延长联邦执法的使用吗？</strong></h2>
<p>一位白宫官员将当前的推动描述为 “将作为为期 7 天的努力开始，视需要可选择延长。”</p>
<p>这一框架引发了许多其他问题——特别是，联邦执法人员在一周内可能会产生什么样的影响？毕竟，华盛顿的情况并不是需要镇压骚乱或因特定原因引发的广泛混乱。</p>
<p>目标的不明确可能使联邦角色进一步扩展的可能性增加。特朗普可能会以仍有更多工作要做为理由来为此举辩护。</p>
<p>但在特朗普宣布后几个小时的多份报道中，当时应该有增加的联邦执法人员出现，却没有发现任何异常情况。</p>
<p>例如，美联社的一份报道指出，“周五凌晨 1 点开始的华盛顿街头两小时巡逻，并未发现特朗普公告中所描述的多机构制服人员的涌现。”</p>
<h2><strong>特朗普会接管华盛顿警察局吗？</strong></h2>
<p>简短的回答是，会。更大的问题是他是否想这样做。</p>
<p>由于 1973 年的《地方自治法》，华盛顿特区享有当前的自治权。该立法为国会和总统保留了一些权力。</p>
<p>该法第 740 条指出，如果总统 “确定存在特殊的紧急情况”，则华盛顿特区市长必须向他提供 “华盛顿特区警察局认为必要和适当的服务”。</p>
<p>然而，这项权力有一些限制。</p>
<p>首先，除非在此期间向国会提供书面解释，否则总统不能将这些权力的接管时间延长超过 48 小时——更具体地说，是向与华盛顿特区相关的参众两院委员会的主席和排名成员提供解释。</p>
<p>然而，考虑到共和党在两院的多数地位，特朗普可能能够满足这一要求。</p>
<p>因此，更显著的限制可能是，即使提供了国会通知，这项权力也有 30 天的限制。</p>
<p>从政治角度来看，特朗普是否愿意采取如此激烈的举动也是一个问题。</p>
<p>华盛顿是一个非常民主的城市——副总统哈里斯在去年 11 月的选举中获得了超过 90% 的选票——特朗普接管地方警察的反应无疑会是负面的。</p>
<h2><strong>国民警卫队呢？</strong></h2>
<p>在这里，特朗普同样有很多操作空间。与州完全不同，华盛顿特区的国民警卫队可以根据总统的要求进行指挥。</p>
<p>华盛顿特区国民警卫队一直在努力指出，它尚未被部署。</p>
<p>华盛顿特区国民警卫队的一位发言人周五告诉 CNN，该部队尚未被激活，任何 “本周及整个周末看到的国民警卫队士兵和车辆的存在与必要的训练有关。”</p>
<h2><strong>可能会出什么问题？</strong></h2>
<p>可能会出很多问题。</p>
<p>首先，特朗普可能会与鲍泽展开更激烈的斗争。</p>
<p>市长在第二个任期内对特朗普采取了比第一次任期更为和解的态度。她支持他在 3 月成立的一个工作组，并对他最近的举动保持沉默。</p>
<p>这在一定程度上反映了华盛顿在多个方面对联邦政府的依赖。今年早些时候，国会实际上从特区的预算中扣留了 11 亿美元。联邦工作队对整个华盛顿特区地区的经济至关重要。</p>
<p>但如果特朗普扩大对华盛顿特区的控制，鲍泽是否能保持沉默则是一个很大的疑问。华盛顿居民对他们有限的权利已经非常敏感。</p>
<p>还有一些更为可怕的事情可能会出错。任何特别严重的暴力犯罪都可能使特朗普更加坚持联邦控制。相反，特朗普派遣的联邦人员对华盛顿居民使用过度武力可能会引发新的紧张局势。</p>
<h2><strong>特朗普能否废除地方自治法？</strong></h2>
<p>现实情况是，不能。</p>
<p>这样做需要废除相关立法。</p>
<p>众议院可能会同意，但特朗普在参议院需要获得 60 票支持。即使每位共和党人都投赞成票，他仍然需要七位民主党的支持——这是一种极不可能的情况。</p>
<p><em>补充报道：Tanya Noury.</em></p>

特朗普媒体科技集团

<p>特朗普总统宣布将在华盛顿特区增加联邦执法人员的部署，以打击犯罪，此举被视为对地方领导层的反击。具体的部署细节尚不清楚，白宫提到出于安全考虑。尽管犯罪统计数据显示暴力犯罪有所减少，但该倡议被框架为为期 7 天的努力，且有可能延长。人们对联邦执法人员在一周内的有效性以及特朗普是否会接管华盛顿特区警察局提出质疑，而这受到《地方自治法》的限制。华盛顿特区国民警卫队尚未被激活，对这些行动的影响仍然存在担忧</p>

<p>President Trump has moved to increase the number of federal law enforcement on the streets of Washington D.C. — a decision he casts as necessary to combat crime.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>特朗普总统已决定增加华盛顿特区街头的联邦执法人员数量——他认为这是打击犯罪所必需的措施。</p>
</div><p>It’s a move widely seen as a rebuke to the District’s leadership, including Mayor Muriel Bowser (D).</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>这一举动被广泛视为对特区领导层的反击，包括市长穆里尔·鲍泽（Muriel Bowser）。</p>
</div><p>A lot of specifics are as yet undecided, including the total number of additional federal law enforcement officers who will be deployed, and their exact locations. The White House cited security concerns as the reason not to divulge those details.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>许多具体细节尚未确定，包括将部署的额外联邦执法人员的总数及其确切位置。白宫以安全考虑为由未透露这些细节。</p>
</div><p>However, White House officials say that an increased law enforcement presence will be seen on D.C.’s streets. This is expected to be present mainly late at night.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>然而，白宫官员表示，华盛顿特区的街头将会看到增加的执法人员。这一措施预计主要在深夜时段出现。</p>
</div><p>The effort is being spearheaded by the U.S. Park Police but also involves numerous other agencies including the Capitol Police, the FBI, the Marshals Service and the Drug Enforcement Administration.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>这一努力由美国公园警察主导，但还涉及包括国会警察、联邦调查局、法警服务和毒品执法局在内的多个其他机构。</p>
</div><p>White House Press Secretary Karoline Leavitt said that while Washington is “an amazing city” it “has been plagued by violent crime for far too long.” She also said that Trump was “committed” to making D.C. “safer for its residents, lawmakers and visitors from all around the world.”</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>白宫新闻秘书卡罗琳·莱维特表示，尽管华盛顿是 “一个令人惊叹的城市”，但它 “长期以来一直受到暴力犯罪的困扰。” 她还表示，特朗普 “致力于让华盛顿特区对居民、立法者和来自世界各地的游客更加安全。”</p>
</div><p>The idea of a crime crisis in Washington is belied by crime statistics from the city police, the Metropolitan Police Department (MPD). Those statistics show violent crime so far this year down 26 percent from its 2024 levels. The crime levels in 2024 were, in turn, lower than in 2023.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>关于华盛顿犯罪危机的说法与城市警察局——华盛顿特区警察局（MPD）的犯罪统计数据相悖。这些统计数据显示，今年迄今为止，暴力犯罪比 2024 年的水平下降了 26%。2024 年的犯罪水平又低于 2023 年。</p>
</div><p>The key question now is, what’s next?</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>现在的关键问题是，接下来会发生什么？</p>
</div><h2><strong>Does Trump extend the use of federal law enforcement?</strong></h2>
<div class="lb-trans"><h2><strong>特朗普会延长联邦执法的使用吗？</strong></h2>
</div><p>A White House official describes the current push as one that will “be beginning as a 7-day effort with the option to extend as needed.”</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>一位白宫官员将当前的推动描述为 “将作为为期 7 天的努力开始，视需要可选择延长。”</p>
</div><p>The framing invites a number of other questions —particularly, what difference are federal law enforcement personnel likely to make in a week? The situation in D.C., after all, is not one where there is a riotous situation to quell or widespread disorder stemming from any specific cause.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>这一框架引发了许多其他问题——特别是，联邦执法人员在一周内可能会产生什么样的影响？毕竟，华盛顿的情况并不是需要镇压骚乱或因特定原因引发的广泛混乱。</p>
</div><p>The haziness around the objectives may make a further extension of the federal role more likely. Trump would, presumably, justify such a move on the basis that there was still more work to be done.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>目标的不明确可能使联邦角色进一步扩展的可能性增加。特朗普可能会以仍有更多工作要做为理由来为此举辩护。</p>
</div><p>But multiple reports from the hours after Trump’s announcement, when there was supposed to be an increased federal law enforcement presence, did not reveal anything out of the ordinary.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>但在特朗普宣布后几个小时的多份报道中，当时应该有增加的联邦执法人员出现，却没有发现任何异常情况。</p>
</div><p>An Associated Press report, for example, noted that “a two-hour tour of the D.C. streets, starting around 1 a.m. Friday, revealed no evidence of the sort of multi-agency flood of uniformed personnel described in Trump’s announcement.”</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>例如，美联社的一份报道指出，“周五凌晨 1 点开始的华盛顿街头两小时巡逻，并未发现特朗普公告中所描述的多机构制服人员的涌现。”</p>
</div><h2><strong>Could Trump take over the D.C. police?</strong></h2>
<div class="lb-trans"><h2><strong>特朗普会接管华盛顿警察局吗？</strong></h2>
</div><p>The short answer is, yes. The bigger question is whether he would want to do so.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>简短的回答是，会。更大的问题是他是否想这样做。</p>
</div><p>The District enjoys its current measure of autonomy because of the Home Rule Act of 1973. The legislation reserves some powers for Congress and for the president.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>由于 1973 年的《地方自治法》，华盛顿特区享有当前的自治权。该立法为国会和总统保留了一些权力。</p>
</div><p>Section 740 of the Act notes that if a President “determines that special conditions of an emergency nature exist,” then the D.C. mayor must lend him “such services of the Metropolitan Police Force as the President may deem necessary and appropriate.”</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>该法第 740 条指出，如果总统 “确定存在特殊的紧急情况”，则华盛顿特区市长必须向他提供 “华盛顿特区警察局认为必要和适当的服务”。</p>
</div><p>There are some caveats to this power, however.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>然而，这项权力有一些限制。</p>
</div><p>In the first instance, a president cannot take over those powers for longer than 48 hours unless, during that period, he provides a written explanation of his reasons to Congress — or, more specifically, to the chairman and ranking member of the Senate and House committees that pertain to D.C.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>首先，除非在此期间向国会提供书面解释，否则总统不能将这些权力的接管时间延长超过 48 小时——更具体地说，是向与华盛顿特区相关的参众两院委员会的主席和排名成员提供解释。</p>
</div><p>Trump, however, could likely satisfy this requirement, given the GOP majorities in both chambers.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>然而，考虑到共和党在两院的多数地位，特朗普可能能够满足这一要求。</p>
</div><p>The more salient constraint, therefore, might be the fact that there is a 30-day limit on this power, even if congressional notification is provided.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>因此，更显著的限制可能是，即使提供了国会通知，这项权力也有 30 天的限制。</p>
</div><p>Politically speaking, there is also a question of whether Trump would want to make such a dramatic move.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>从政治角度来看，特朗普是否愿意采取如此激烈的举动也是一个问题。</p>
</div><p>Washington is a very Democratic city — Vice President Harris got more than 90 percent of the vote last November — and reaction to Trump seizing the reins of the local police would surely be negative.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>华盛顿是一个非常民主的城市——副总统哈里斯在去年 11 月的选举中获得了超过 90% 的选票——特朗普接管地方警察的反应无疑会是负面的。</p>
</div><h2><strong>How about the National Guard?</strong></h2>
<div class="lb-trans"><h2><strong>国民警卫队呢？</strong></h2>
</div><p>Here, again, Trump has lots of remove to maneuver. The District of Columbia National Guard can be directed at the behest of the president, in contrast to full states where the power to deploy the Guard resides with the governor.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>在这里，特朗普同样有很多操作空间。与州完全不同，华盛顿特区的国民警卫队可以根据总统的要求进行指挥。</p>
</div><p>The D.C. National Guard has been at pains to point out that it has not, as yet, been deployed.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>华盛顿特区国民警卫队一直在努力指出，它尚未被部署。</p>
</div><p>A spokesperson for the D.C. Guard told CNN on Friday that the force has not been activated and that any “presence of National Guardsmen and vehicles seen this week and throughout the weekend are related to required training.”</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>华盛顿特区国民警卫队的一位发言人周五告诉 CNN，该部队尚未被激活，任何 “本周及整个周末看到的国民警卫队士兵和车辆的存在与必要的训练有关。”</p>
</div><h2><strong>What could go wrong?</strong></h2>
<div class="lb-trans"><h2><strong>可能会出什么问题？</strong></h2>
</div><p>Quite a lot.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>可能会出很多问题。</p>
</div><p>For a start, Trump could get into more of a pitched battle with Bowser.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>首先，特朗普可能会与鲍泽展开更激烈的斗争。</p>
</div><p>The mayor has pursued a much more conciliatory approach toward Trump during his second term than she did during his first. She has been supportive of a task force he set up in March and has refrained from comment on his latest moves.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>市长在第二个任期内对特朗普采取了比第一次任期更为和解的态度。她支持他在 3 月成立的一个工作组，并对他最近的举动保持沉默。</p>
</div><p>That’s partly a testament to D.C.’s dependence upon the federal government in numerous ways. Congress in effect withheld $1.1 billion from the District’s budget earlier this year. The federal workforce is of enormous economic importance to the overall D.C. area.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>这在一定程度上反映了华盛顿在多个方面对联邦政府的依赖。今年早些时候，国会实际上从特区的预算中扣留了 11 亿美元。联邦工作队对整个华盛顿特区地区的经济至关重要。</p>
</div><p>But whether Bowser can remain quiet if Trump expands his control over D.C. is highly questionable. Washingtonians are already sensitive about their circumscribed rights.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>但如果特朗普扩大对华盛顿特区的控制，鲍泽是否能保持沉默则是一个很大的疑问。华盛顿居民对他们有限的权利已经非常敏感。</p>
</div><p>There are more macabre things that could go wrong too. Any especially egregious violent crime could make Trump more insistent on federal control. Conversely, any excessive force used against D.C. residents by federal personnel deployed by Trump could ignite new tensions.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>还有一些更为可怕的事情可能会出错。任何特别严重的暴力犯罪都可能使特朗普更加坚持联邦控制。相反，特朗普派遣的联邦人员对华盛顿居民使用过度武力可能会引发新的紧张局势。</p>
</div><h2><strong>Can Trump repeal Home Rule itself?</strong></h2>
<div class="lb-trans"><h2><strong>特朗普能否废除地方自治法？</strong></h2>
</div><p>Realistically, no.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>现实情况是，不能。</p>
</div><p>Doing this would require repealing the legislation.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>这样做需要废除相关立法。</p>
</div><p>The House might go along with that, but Trump would need 60 votes in the Senate. Even if every Republican voted in favor, he would still need the backing of seven Democrats — a highly unlikely scenario.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>众议院可能会同意，但特朗普在参议院需要获得 60 票支持。即使每位共和党人都投赞成票，他仍然需要七位民主党的支持——这是一种极不可能的情况。</p>
</div><p><em>Additional reporting: Tanya Noury.</em></p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p><em>补充报道：Tanya Noury.</em></p>
</div>

特朗普对抗华盛顿：这场战斗的下一步是什么？