<p>你的魔法数字是多少？也就是说，你需要多少才能退休？那么，你什么时候需要它？这些问题是投资者几十年来一直在问自己的，自从退休储蓄账户取代养老金和社会保障成为大多数人主要的退休收入来源以来。</p>
<p>当然，没有绝对正确的答案，因为每个人的需求都不同。有些人可能只需要更少的金额，而其他人则会想要更多。</p>
<p>尽管如此，有一个基本的经验法则可以帮助你确定你的大致数字。</p>
<p><img src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://g.foolcdn.com/image//query-b3A9cmVzaXplJnVybD1odHRwczovL2cuZm9vbGNkbi5jb20vZWRpdG9yaWFsL2ltYWdlcy84MzE3NzUvcmV0aXJlZC1jb3VwbGUtbG9va3MtYXQtcGFwZXJzLmpwZyZ3PTcwMA?x-oss-process=image/auto-orient,1/interlace,1/resize,w_1440,h_1440/quality,q_95/format,jpg" alt="" original-src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://g.foolcdn.com/image//query-b3A9cmVzaXplJnVybD1odHRwczovL2cuZm9vbGNkbi5jb20vZWRpdG9yaWFsL2ltYWdlcy84MzE3NzUvcmV0aXJlZC1jb3VwbGUtbG9va3MtYXQtcGFwZXJzLmpwZyZ3PTcwMA"/></p>
<p>图片来源：Getty Images。</p>
<h2>以倍数思考</h2>
<p>几乎每个人都希望在退休时拥有无限的资金可供支配。然而，这并不是一个现实的选择。</p>
<p>然而，现实的是能够维持你在工作期间享受的生活标准。将 10% 到 15% 的薪水存起来应该能满足大多数人的需求。</p>
<p>不过，这仍然只是一个程序性目标。如果你不明智地投资你所储蓄的钱，这并不一定意味着你会实现确保自己拥有充足退休金的最终目标。一个具体的数字目标实际上使你更容易制定一个储蓄和投资计划，以便达到目标，并让你在过程中检查进展并进行必要的调整。</p>
<p>以此为背景，在 67 岁时，你应该拥有大约 11 倍于你职业生涯后期平均年薪的储蓄。例如，如果你在工作生涯后期的年薪为 100,000 美元，那么在你 67 岁时，理想情况下你应该至少有超过 100 万美元的储蓄。</p>
<p>这至少是来自共同基金公司 <strong>普信金融</strong> 的建议，尽管这与经纪公司 Edward Jones 和共同基金公司（以及退休计划管理者）Fidelity 的退休规划建议一致。</p>
<p>这只是一个相对宽泛的可用退休储蓄金额的中点。你可能只需要储蓄职业生涯后期薪水的八倍，而那些储蓄高达 14 倍的人可能在退休后仍然难以维持他们在工作期间习惯的生活方式。退休时这笔钱的投资方式也是一个因素。</p>
<p>不过，你明白了。一般来说，大多数投资者应该能够在退休时继续过着与工作时相似的生活，前提是他们储蓄了大约 11 倍于职业生涯后期薪水的金额。</p>
<h2><strong>但为什么是 67 岁？</strong></h2>
<p>那么，为什么是 67 岁？为什么不是 62 岁或 72 岁？</p>
<p>你当然可以在你希望的年龄退休。只是要记住，退休越早，财务上可能越困难。在 62 岁时提前五年退休，不仅意味着你错过了五年的退休储蓄贡献，还错过了这五年储蓄的增长。考虑到复利的运作方式，任何长期储蓄周期的最后五年可能会对你的退休金规模产生巨大影响。</p>
<p>你也没有必要在 67 岁时停止工作。如果你愿意并且能够，你可以在那之后再工作五年（或更长时间），享受额外五年的退休账户贡献以及其持续增长。</p>
<p>不过，现实是，即使可以，大多数人也不愿意工作那么久。在 67 岁时，你通常仍然健康，能够享受生活的许多乐趣。</p>
<p>不过，还有另一个重要原因，你可能希望在 67 岁时退休。那就是，这可能是开始领取社会保障退休福利的理想年龄。</p>
<p>不过，这并不是你唯一的选择。你可以在 62 岁时开始领取福利。只要知道，这样做会将你的月支付减少多达 30%，相较于你在所谓的完全退休年龄（FRA）67 到 68 岁之间应得的金额（具体取决于你的出生年份）。</p>
<p>相反，等到 70 岁时开始领取社会保障福利，将至少增加你在官方完全退休年龄时应得的支付金额的 24%。不过，如前所述，等待那么久可能超出了大多数人希望开始黄金岁月的时间。在 67 或 68 岁时按你的完全退休年龄领取福利，可以让你获得 100% 的社会保障福利，这与来自你自己退休储蓄的收入结合在一起，应该能够在退休时提供相当不错的生活方式。</p>
<h2>玩心理游戏</h2>
<p>但如果你离这个基于薪水的倍数相差甚远（或知道到时不会达到）怎么办？没关系。大多数人实际上并没有达到这个退休储蓄目标。也无所谓。仅仅有一个目标——任何目标——仍然比大多数在飞行中摸索的投资者更具优势。没有目标往往意味着你缺乏继续储蓄和投资所需的结构或纪律，即使在困难时期也是如此。问题是，这往往是你最终为储蓄努力播下最大回报种子的时刻。</p>
<p>所以，如果你还没有，现在就设定一个具体的储蓄目标。然后把它写下来。确保这个目标对你来说是现实的，但也不要害怕逼自己去挑战；当你的大脑确切知道你想要实现什么时，往往会找到实现那些难以达到的目标的方法。然后从这个目标开始倒推，规划出你需要在这段时间内储蓄多少，以及你在此期间需要看到的储蓄回报。最后，如果你已经做到这一点，设定一些里程碑目标，以保持正确的进度。如果你能养成朝着目标迈出小而稳定的步伐，你可能会惊讶于你的目标实际上是多么可实现。</p>
<p>不过，最重要的是，先从某个地方开始。一切都始于设定目标。</p>

普信金融

<p>根据 T. Rowe Price 的建议，退休人员在 67 岁时应目标储蓄约为其职业生涯后期薪资的 11 倍。例如，如果年薪为 100,000 美元，那么理想情况下应储蓄超过 100 万美元。虽然有些人可能只需储蓄其薪资的 8 倍，但其他人可能需要高达 14 倍。建议 67 岁退休，因为这可以最大化储蓄的贡献和增长，以及获得最佳的社会保障福利。提前退休可能会显著减少储蓄和福利</p>

<p>What's your magic number? That is to say, how much do you need to retire? And for that matter, when will you need it? These are questions investors have been asking themselves for decades, ever since retirement savings accounts displaced pensions and Social Security as most people's primary source of retirement income.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>你的魔法数字是多少？也就是说，你需要多少才能退休？那么，你什么时候需要它？这些问题是投资者几十年来一直在问自己的，自从退休储蓄账户取代养老金和社会保障成为大多数人主要的退休收入来源以来。</p>
</div><p>There's no absolute right answer, of course, since everyone's needs are different. Some people would be fine with less. Others will want more.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>当然，没有绝对正确的答案，因为每个人的需求都不同。有些人可能只需要更少的金额，而其他人则会想要更多。</p>
</div><p>Nevertheless, there's a basic rule of thumb that will help you determine your ballpark number.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>尽管如此，有一个基本的经验法则可以帮助你确定你的大致数字。</p>
</div><p><img src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://g.foolcdn.com/image//query-b3A9cmVzaXplJnVybD1odHRwczovL2cuZm9vbGNkbi5jb20vZWRpdG9yaWFsL2ltYWdlcy84MzE3NzUvcmV0aXJlZC1jb3VwbGUtbG9va3MtYXQtcGFwZXJzLmpwZyZ3PTcwMA" alt="" original-src="https://g.foolcdn.com/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fg.foolcdn.com%2Feditorial%2Fimages%2F831775%2Fretired-couple-looks-at-papers.jpg&amp;op=resize&amp;w=700"/></p>
<p>Image source: Getty Images.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>图片来源：Getty Images。</p>
</div><h2>Think in multiples</h2>
<div class="lb-trans"><h2>以倍数思考</h2>
</div><p>Most everyone would love to have an unlimited amount of money to spend in retirement. That's not a realistic option, though.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>几乎每个人都希望在退休时拥有无限的资金可供支配。然而，这并不是一个现实的选择。</p>
</div><p>What <em>is</em> realistic, however, is being able to maintain the standard of living in retirement that you enjoyed while in your working years. Tucking away between 10% and 15% of your salary should do the trick for more people.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>然而，现实的是能够维持你在工作期间享受的生活标准。将 10% 到 15% 的薪水存起来应该能满足大多数人的需求。</p>
</div><p>Except, that's still only a <em>procedural</em> goal. If you don't wisely invest the money you're saving, it doesn't necessarily mean you'll meet your ultimate goal of assuring yourself a well-funded retirement. A specific numerical <em>target</em> actually makes it much easier to develop a savings and investment plan that will get you there, as well as let you check on your progress and make any required adjustments along the way.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>不过，这仍然只是一个程序性目标。如果你不明智地投资你所储蓄的钱，这并不一定意味着你会实现确保自己拥有充足退休金的最终目标。一个具体的数字目标实际上使你更容易制定一个储蓄和投资计划，以便达到目标，并让你在过程中检查进展并进行必要的调整。</p>
</div><p>With that as the backdrop, at the age of 67, you should have about 11 times your average annual salary you were earning at the latter stages of your career. If you were or are making $100,000 per year late in your work-life, for instance, you'd ideally have at least a little more than $1 million in savings when you turn 67.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>以此为背景，在 67 岁时，你应该拥有大约 11 倍于你职业生涯后期平均年薪的储蓄。例如，如果你在工作生涯后期的年薪为 100,000 美元，那么在你 67 岁时，理想情况下你应该至少有超过 100 万美元的储蓄。</p>
</div><p>That's the suggestion from mutual fund company <strong>T. Rowe Price</strong> anyway, although it jibes with retirement planning advice from brokerage firm Edward Jones and mutual fund outfit (and retirement plan administrator) Fidelity.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>这至少是来自共同基金公司 <strong>普信金融</strong> 的建议，尽管这与经纪公司 Edward Jones 和共同基金公司（以及退休计划管理者）Fidelity 的退休规划建议一致。</p>
</div><p>This is just the midpoint of a relatively wide range of serviceable amounts of retirement savings, for the record. You could be fine with as little as eight times your late-career salary saved up, while people with as much as 14 times their highest-earnings might still struggle to fund the lifestyle they've grown accustomed to during their working years once in retirement. <em>How</em> this money is invested in retirement is also a factor.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>这只是一个相对宽泛的可用退休储蓄金额的中点。你可能只需要储蓄职业生涯后期薪水的八倍，而那些储蓄高达 14 倍的人可能在退休后仍然难以维持他们在工作期间习惯的生活方式。退休时这笔钱的投资方式也是一个因素。</p>
</div><p>You get the idea though. Generally speaking, most investors should be able to continue living life as they have while working with about 11 times their late-career salary tucked away for retirement.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>不过，你明白了。一般来说，大多数投资者应该能够在退休时继续过着与工作时相似的生活，前提是他们储蓄了大约 11 倍于职业生涯后期薪水的金额。</p>
</div><h2><strong>But why 67?</strong></h2>
<div class="lb-trans"><h2><strong>但为什么是 67 岁？</strong></h2>
</div><p>So why 67? Why not 62, or 72?</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>那么，为什么是 67 岁？为什么不是 62 岁或 72 岁？</p>
</div><p>You can certainly retire at an age you wish, to be clear. Just bear in mind that the earlier you retire, the more financially difficult it might be to do so. Retiring five years earlier at the age of 62 will not only mean you miss out on five additional years of contributions to your retirement savings, but will also miss out five additional years' worth of growth of those savings. And given the way compounding works, the last five years of any long-term savings period can make a huge difference in the size of your nest egg.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>你当然可以在你希望的年龄退休。只是要记住，退休越早，财务上可能越困难。在 62 岁时提前五年退休，不仅意味着你错过了五年的退休储蓄贡献，还错过了这五年储蓄的增长。考虑到复利的运作方式，任何长期储蓄周期的最后五年可能会对你的退休金规模产生巨大影响。</p>
</div><p>There's also no requirement that you must stop working at the age of 67. If you're willing and able, you could work another five years after that (or longer) and enjoy an additional five years' worth of contributions to your retirement account as well as its continued growth.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>你也没有必要在 67 岁时停止工作。如果你愿意并且能够，你可以在那之后再工作五年（或更长时间），享受额外五年的退休账户贡献以及其持续增长。</p>
</div><p>Speaking realistically though, that's much longer than most people care to work even if they can. At the age of 67, you're still usually healthy enough to enjoy most of what life has to offer.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>不过，现实是，即使可以，大多数人也不愿意工作那么久。在 67 岁时，你通常仍然健康，能够享受生活的许多乐趣。</p>
</div><p>There's another big reason you might want to aim to retire at 67 years of age, though. That is, this may also be the ideal age to begin taking your Social Security retirement benefits.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>不过，还有另一个重要原因，你可能希望在 67 岁时退休。那就是，这可能是开始领取社会保障退休福利的理想年龄。</p>
</div><p>It's not your <em>only</em> option, for the record. You can claim benefits as early as the age of 62. Just know that doing so will reduce your monthly payment by as much as 30% of what you were intended to receive at your so-called full retirement age -- or FRA -- of between 67 and 68 (depending on when you were born).</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>不过，这并不是你唯一的选择。你可以在 62 岁时开始领取福利。只要知道，这样做会将你的月支付减少多达 30%，相较于你在所谓的完全退休年龄（FRA）67 到 68 岁之间应得的金额（具体取决于你的出生年份）。</p>
</div><p>Conversely, waiting until you're the maximum age of 70 to begin receiving Social Security benefits adds at least 24% to the size of your payments you'd otherwise receive by claiming at your official full retirement age. As noted, however, waiting that long may be more than most people care to begin their golden years. Claiming at your full retirement age of 67 or 68 years provides you with 100% of your intended Social Security benefit, which when paired with income from your own retirement savings should fund a reasonably nice lifestyle in retirement.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>相反，等到 70 岁时开始领取社会保障福利，将至少增加你在官方完全退休年龄时应得的支付金额的 24%。不过，如前所述，等待那么久可能超出了大多数人希望开始黄金岁月的时间。在 67 或 68 岁时按你的完全退休年龄领取福利，可以让你获得 100% 的社会保障福利，这与来自你自己退休储蓄的收入结合在一起，应该能够在退休时提供相当不错的生活方式。</p>
</div><h2>Play the head game</h2>
<div class="lb-trans"><h2>玩心理游戏</h2>
</div><p>But what if you're nowhere close to this salary-based multiple (or know you won't be when the time comes)? That's OK. Most people don't actually reach this target with their retirement savings. Nor does it matter. Simply having a goal -- <em>any</em> goal -- still better equips you than most investors who are proverbially flying by the seat of their pants. Not having a goal often means you don't have the structure or discipline needed to continue saving and investing even when it's difficult to do so. The thing is, that's often when you end up planting the seeds for the biggest payoffs on your savings efforts.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>但如果你离这个基于薪水的倍数相差甚远（或知道到时不会达到）怎么办？没关系。大多数人实际上并没有达到这个退休储蓄目标。也无所谓。仅仅有一个目标——任何目标——仍然比大多数在飞行中摸索的投资者更具优势。没有目标往往意味着你缺乏继续储蓄和投资所需的结构或纪律，即使在困难时期也是如此。问题是，这往往是你最终为储蓄努力播下最大回报种子的时刻。</p>
</div><p>So, if you haven't yet, set a specific savings goal right now. Then put it in writing. Make it realistic for where you are, but don't be afraid to force yourself to stretch either; your brain often figures out a way of meeting hard-to-reach goals when it knows exactly what you're looking to accomplish. Then work your way backwards from that goal, planning out how much you need to save between now and then and the sort of returns you'll need to see on your savings in the meantime. And once/if you've already done that, set some milestone goals that will keep you on the right pace. You might be surprised by how achievable your goal actually is if you can just get into the habit of taking small but steady steps toward it.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>所以，如果你还没有，现在就设定一个具体的储蓄目标。然后把它写下来。确保这个目标对你来说是现实的，但也不要害怕逼自己去挑战；当你的大脑确切知道你想要实现什么时，往往会找到实现那些难以达到的目标的方法。然后从这个目标开始倒推，规划出你需要在这段时间内储蓄多少，以及你在此期间需要看到的储蓄回报。最后，如果你已经做到这一点，设定一些里程碑目标，以保持正确的进度。如果你能养成朝着目标迈出小而稳定的步伐，你可能会惊讶于你的目标实际上是多么可实现。</p>
</div><p>More than anything though, just start somewhere. It all starts with establishing the target.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>不过，最重要的是，先从某个地方开始。一切都始于设定目标。</p>
</div>

67 岁退休者应该投资多少资金才合适？