<p>中国市场监管机构已采取措施，通过新提出的反垄断指南来应对算法驱动的价格操纵隐患，涉及在线购物、食品配送和旅游平台。\n 国家市场监督管理总局（SAMR）在周末发布的《互联网平台反垄断合规指南》草案，重点关注了具有显著市场力量的在线平台如何利用技术优势以复杂且常常不透明的方式排除竞争对手并损害消费者利益。\n 该文件识别了八种 “新风险”，包括平台通过协调算法串通固定价格和佣金费用、主导企业强迫商家签署独占合同，以及过度补贴或无正当理由拒绝商家开店等行为。\n 它明确禁止市场主导地位的平台对交易对手 “施加应用层或网络层的封锁或排除措施”。中国互联网巨头，包括阿里巴巴集团、腾讯控股和字节跳动，之前建立了 “围墙花园”——例如阿里巴巴的淘宝不支持腾讯的微信支付，或微信不重定向字节跳动的抖音短视频应用的链接——但这些限制从去年开始逐渐放宽。阿里巴巴拥有《南华早报》。\n\nSAMR 要求平台运营商 “对核心算法模型进行有针对性的筛查和动态监测，包括定价算法、推荐系统、排名和广告投放策略。” 它补充说，“应特别关注识别歧视性设计、不公平交易行为、过度价格调整和统一定价促销。”\nSAMR 正在征求公众对该草案的意见，截止日期为 11 月 29 日。\n“互联网平台通常使用算法来调节商业运营和市场竞争中的两个关键因素：流量和定价，” 政府支持的中国信息通信研究院专家李强志在周日对 SAMR 网站的解读中表示。但新的大数据和人工智能技术 “也存在在涉及串通沟通、信息交换和最低价格限制的场景中被滥用的风险”。\n 李表示，反垄断 “并不反对价格竞争，而是反对过度的价格竞争”。\n 今年早些时候，中国最大的食品配送平台美团面临来自较小竞争对手京东和阿里巴巴的挑战，后者在数月的价格战中涉及免费餐饮。经过 SAMR 的干预，三方在 8 月承诺停止不理性的竞争。\n 算法驱动的价格操纵也引起了中国互联网监管机构——中国网络空间管理局的关注，该局在 2024 年 11 月敦促平台解决 “算法的典型问题”——包括那些造成 “回音室” 和诱导上瘾的算法，以及打击针对不同人群的不公平定价和折扣。\n 自 2020 年以来，中国市场监管机构已启动针对大型科技公司垄断行为的监管风暴。例如，阿里巴巴因强迫在线商家在其平台上开店或参与促销而被罚款 28 亿美元。美团因类似的 “二选一” 策略被罚款 34 亿元人民币（约合 4.78 亿美元）。\n</p>

<p>中国市场监管机构 SAMR 提出了新的反垄断指导方针，以应对在线平台上由算法驱动的价格操纵行为。草案指导方针针对通过算法进行的合谋、独占合同和过度补贴等行为。SAMR 强调监测核心算法模型，以防止不公平行为。公众对该草案的意见征集截止日期为 11 月 29 日。这一举措是中国针对大型科技公司垄断行为的更广泛监管努力的一部分</p>

<p>China’s market regulator has moved to tackle the hidden risks of algorithm-driven price manipulation with newly proposed anti-monopoly guidelines for online shopping, food delivery and travel platforms.\nA draft of the “Anti-Monopoly Compliance Guidelines for Internet Platforms”, published over the weekend by the State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR), focused heavily on the sophisticated, often opaque ways in which online platforms with significant market power can exploit technological advantages to exclude rivals and harm consumer interests.\nThe document identified eight “new risks”, including collusion among platforms through coordinated algorithms to fix pricing and commission fees, dominant players forcing merchants to sign exclusive contracts, and practices like excessive subsidies or unjustified refusals to allow merchants to operate stores.\nIt explicitly prohibited platforms with a dominant market position from “imposing application-layer or network-layer blockade or exclusion measures against transaction counterparties”. Chinese internet giants, including Alibaba Group Holding, Tencent Holdings and ByteDance, previously built “walled gardens” – like Alibaba’s Taobao not offering Tencent’s WeChat Pay, or WeChat not redirecting links of ByteDance’s Douyin short video app – but the restrictions started to ease last year. Alibaba owns the South China Morning Post.\n\nSAMR demanded that platform operators “conduct targeted screening and dynamic monitoring of core algorithmic models, including pricing algorithms, recommendation systems, ranking and advertising placement strategies.” It added that “particular attention should be paid to identifying discriminatory design, unfair transaction practices, excessive price adjustments, and uniform pricing promotions”.\nSAMR is soliciting public opinion on the draft regulation up to November 29.\n“Internet platforms commonly use algorithms to regulate two key factors in commercial operations and market competition: traffic and pricing,” Li Qiangzhi, an expert with the government-backed China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, said in an interpretation of the SAMR website on Sunday. But the new big data and AI-powered technologies “also carry the risk of being misused in scenarios involving collusive communication, information exchange and minimum price restriction”.\nLi said anti-monopoly “does not oppose price competition, but rather goes against excessive price competition”.\nEarlier this year, China’s top food delivery platform Meituan faced challenges from smaller rivals JD.com and Alibaba, which were locked in months-long price wars involving free meals and drinks. After the intervention of SAMR, all three pledged in August to stop irrational competition.\nAlgorithm-driven price manipulation has also drawn scrutiny from China’s internet watchdog, the Cyberspace Administration of China, which in November 2024 urged platforms to address “typical issues with algorithms” – including those that create “echo chambers” and induce addiction – as well as crack down on unfair pricing and discounts targeting different demographics.\nChina’s market regulator has since 2020 initiated a regulatory storm targeting Big Tech’s monopolistic practices. Alibaba, for example, was fined US$2.8 billion for abusing its market dominance by forcing online merchants to open stores or take part in promotions on its platforms. Meituan was fined 3.4 billion yuan (US$478 million) for a similar “picking one from two” strategy.\n</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>中国市场监管机构已采取措施，通过新提出的反垄断指南来应对算法驱动的价格操纵隐患，涉及在线购物、食品配送和旅游平台。\n 国家市场监督管理总局（SAMR）在周末发布的《互联网平台反垄断合规指南》草案，重点关注了具有显著市场力量的在线平台如何利用技术优势以复杂且常常不透明的方式排除竞争对手并损害消费者利益。\n 该文件识别了八种 “新风险”，包括平台通过协调算法串通固定价格和佣金费用、主导企业强迫商家签署独占合同，以及过度补贴或无正当理由拒绝商家开店等行为。\n 它明确禁止市场主导地位的平台对交易对手 “施加应用层或网络层的封锁或排除措施”。中国互联网巨头，包括阿里巴巴集团、腾讯控股和字节跳动，之前建立了 “围墙花园”——例如阿里巴巴的淘宝不支持腾讯的微信支付，或微信不重定向字节跳动的抖音短视频应用的链接——但这些限制从去年开始逐渐放宽。阿里巴巴拥有《南华早报》。\n\nSAMR 要求平台运营商 “对核心算法模型进行有针对性的筛查和动态监测，包括定价算法、推荐系统、排名和广告投放策略。” 它补充说，“应特别关注识别歧视性设计、不公平交易行为、过度价格调整和统一定价促销。”\nSAMR 正在征求公众对该草案的意见，截止日期为 11 月 29 日。\n“互联网平台通常使用算法来调节商业运营和市场竞争中的两个关键因素：流量和定价，” 政府支持的中国信息通信研究院专家李强志在周日对 SAMR 网站的解读中表示。但新的大数据和人工智能技术 “也存在在涉及串通沟通、信息交换和最低价格限制的场景中被滥用的风险”。\n 李表示，反垄断 “并不反对价格竞争，而是反对过度的价格竞争”。\n 今年早些时候，中国最大的食品配送平台美团面临来自较小竞争对手京东和阿里巴巴的挑战，后者在数月的价格战中涉及免费餐饮。经过 SAMR 的干预，三方在 8 月承诺停止不理性的竞争。\n 算法驱动的价格操纵也引起了中国互联网监管机构——中国网络空间管理局的关注，该局在 2024 年 11 月敦促平台解决 “算法的典型问题”——包括那些造成 “回音室” 和诱导上瘾的算法，以及打击针对不同人群的不公平定价和折扣。\n 自 2020 年以来，中国市场监管机构已启动针对大型科技公司垄断行为的监管风暴。例如，阿里巴巴因强迫在线商家在其平台上开店或参与促销而被罚款 28 亿美元。美团因类似的 “二选一” 策略被罚款 34 亿元人民币（约合 4.78 亿美元）。\n</p>
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中国在新的反垄断指南中瞄准人工智能驱动的价格操纵行为