<p>PDVSA 使用油轮进行储存，因为陆上储罐已满</p>
<p>美国的行动威慑船东，导致货物积压</p>
<p>尽管美委紧张关系，雪佛龙仍继续出口</p>
<p>作者：Marianna Parraga 和 Arathy Somasekhar</p>
<p>12 月 23 日（路透社）-</p>
<p>根据公司文件和航运数据，委内瑞拉国有石油公司 PDVSA 已开始将原油和燃料油装入油轮，并将其停留在委内瑞拉水域，因为由于美国在海上扣押与委内瑞拉相关的船只，库存不断增加。</p>
<p>本月，美国海岸警卫队在加勒比海拦截了 Skipper 和 Centuries 油轮，这两艘油轮均装满了委内瑞拉原油。海岸警卫队本周还在追踪一艘接近该欧佩克国家海岸的空船。这些行动针对的是所谓的 “影子舰队”，即运输受制裁石油的船只。美国总统唐纳德·特朗普宣布对所有受美国制裁的船只实施封锁。这些因素让许多船东感到恐惧，导致十多艘货物滞留在委内瑞拉水域，等待出发。</p>
<p>随着 PDVSA 每天生产约 110 万桶原油，日益增加的积压迅速填满了公司的陆上储罐，尤其是在接收来自该国主要产区——奥里诺科带的超重油的 Jose 终端，文件显示。</p>
<p>PDVSA 在上周末开始将部分库存排放到油轮上，航运和公司数据表明，这是一种它在过去几年中采取的策略，以避免削减石油生产。</p>
<p>由于 PDVSA 的主要合资伙伴雪佛龙（CVX.N）并未暂停他们共同生产的原油出口，文件显示，委内瑞拉西部地区的库存大多接近正常水平，储存能力非常有限。然而，雪佛龙仅负责奥里诺科带的混合站和升级站生产的约四分之一原油，约为 130,000 桶/日。PDVSA 通常将其余的四分之三出口到中国，今年约 80% 的委内瑞拉原油出口目的地是中国。</p>
<p>随着今年石油出口的稳定和上升，PDVSA 在 Jose 的陆上石油库存自 9 月份以来已从年初的 1400 万桶的月度峰值降至 900 万至 1100 万桶之间，Kpler 提供的数据显示。</p>
<p>截至 12 月，他们的库存已达到 1260 万桶，推动该国的总石油库存水平升至 2200 万桶，为自 8 月以来的最高水平，Kpler 补充道。</p>
<h3>向后推和向前推进</h3>
<p>PDVSA 一直在推动客户继续接收前往中国的油货，直到上周，但在美国在周末针对另外两艘船只后，说服他们变得越来越困难，公司的消息来源表示。随着公司与一些客户谈判价格折扣和合同变更，建立浮动储存变得必要，而其他客户则开始推动将他们的货物退回到码头，消息来源补充道。</p>
<p>上周，PDVSA 的高层官员讨论但随后拒绝宣布对某些原油出口的不可抗力，消息来源称，试图与客户进行单独谈判。在不可抗力的情况下，卖方因合同中规定的超出其控制范围的原因解除交付承诺。</p>
<p>周一晚上，委内瑞拉总统尼古拉斯·马杜罗表示，尽管与华盛顿的争端加剧了对他的施压，雪佛龙的石油货物交付将继续。“（在）雨、雷、闪电下，无论发生任何冲突，与雪佛龙的合同都将得到履行。我们是认真的、体面的人民，” 他在电视讲话中说道。</p>
<p>雪佛龙多次表示，其在委内瑞拉的运营 “持续没有中断，并完全遵守适用于其业务的法律和法规。” 周二，委内瑞拉执政党控制的国民议会通过了一项法律，对任何促进或资助其所称的石油货物海盗行为或封锁的人处以最长 20 年的监禁。</p>

雪佛龙

<p>委内瑞拉国有石油公司 PDVSA 正在使用油轮进行浮动储存，因为由于美国的行动使船东不愿意运输，陆上储罐已满，导致货物积压。尽管美国与委内瑞拉之间的紧张关系，雪佛龙仍在继续出口。美国海岸警卫队拦截了运载委内瑞拉原油的油轮，这些油轮是受制裁的 “影子舰队” 的一部分。PDVSA 正在与客户进行谈判，并考虑不可抗力。马杜罗总统坚称要履行与雪佛龙的合同，而委内瑞拉国民议会通过了一项法律，禁止促进石油货物封锁</p>

<p>PDVSA uses tankers for storage as onshore tanks fill up</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>PDVSA 使用油轮进行储存，因为陆上储罐已满</p>
</div><p>US actions deter ship owners, causing cargo backlog</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>美国的行动威慑船东，导致货物积压</p>
</div><p>Chevron continues exports despite US-Venezuela tensions</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>尽管美委紧张关系，雪佛龙仍继续出口</p>
</div><p>By Marianna Parraga and Arathy Somasekhar</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>作者：Marianna Parraga 和 Arathy Somasekhar</p>
</div><p>Dec 23 (Reuters) -</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>12 月 23 日（路透社）-</p>
</div><p>Venezuela’s state-run oil company PDVSA has started filling tankers with crude and fuel oil and keeping them in Venezuelan waters, as inventories have mounted due to the U.S. seizing Venezuela-linked ships at sea, according to company documents and shipping data.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>根据公司文件和航运数据，委内瑞拉国有石油公司 PDVSA 已开始将原油和燃料油装入油轮，并将其停留在委内瑞拉水域，因为由于美国在海上扣押与委内瑞拉相关的船只，库存不断增加。</p>
</div><p>This month, the U.S. Coast Guard intercepted the Skipper and Centuries tankers in the Caribbean Sea, both fully loaded with Venezuelan crude. The Coast Guard this week was pursuing a third empty vessel that was approaching the OPEC country’s shore. The actions targeted vessels of a so-called “shadow fleet” of ships carrying sanctioned oil. U.S. President Donald Trump has announced a blockade of all vessels subject to U.S. sanctions. These factors have scared many ship owners and left more than a dozen cargoes stuck in Venezuelan waters waiting to depart.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>本月，美国海岸警卫队在加勒比海拦截了 Skipper 和 Centuries 油轮，这两艘油轮均装满了委内瑞拉原油。海岸警卫队本周还在追踪一艘接近该欧佩克国家海岸的空船。这些行动针对的是所谓的 “影子舰队”，即运输受制裁石油的船只。美国总统唐纳德·特朗普宣布对所有受美国制裁的船只实施封锁。这些因素让许多船东感到恐惧，导致十多艘货物滞留在委内瑞拉水域，等待出发。</p>
</div><p>The emerging backlog, as PDVSA produces about 1.1 million barrels of crude per day, is quickly filling the company’s onshore tanks, especially at the Jose terminal, which receives extra heavy oil from the country’s main output region, the Orinoco Belt, according to the documents.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>随着 PDVSA 每天生产约 110 万桶原油，日益增加的积压迅速填满了公司的陆上储罐，尤其是在接收来自该国主要产区——奥里诺科带的超重油的 Jose 终端，文件显示。</p>
</div><p>PDVSA began draining part of those inventories to oil tankers over the past weekend, shipping and company data showed, a strategy it has resorted to in past years to avoid cutting oil production.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>PDVSA 在上周末开始将部分库存排放到油轮上，航运和公司数据表明，这是一种它在过去几年中采取的策略，以避免削减石油生产。</p>
</div><p>Since PDVSA’s main joint-venture partner Chevron (CVX.N) has not suspended exports of the crude grades they jointly produce, most inventories at Venezuela’s western region, where storage capacity is very limited, are close to normal levels, the documents showed. Chevron, however, is responsible for only about a quarter of the crude grades produced at blending stations and upgraders in the Orinoco Belt, or about 130,000 bpd. PDVSA typically exports the three other quarters to China, which has been the destination of about 80% of Venezuela’s crude exports this year.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>由于 PDVSA 的主要合资伙伴雪佛龙（CVX.N）并未暂停他们共同生产的原油出口，文件显示，委内瑞拉西部地区的库存大多接近正常水平，储存能力非常有限。然而，雪佛龙仅负责奥里诺科带的混合站和升级站生产的约四分之一原油，约为 130,000 桶/日。PDVSA 通常将其余的四分之三出口到中国，今年约 80% 的委内瑞拉原油出口目的地是中国。</p>
</div><p>As oil exports had stabilized and risen this year, PDVSA’s onshore oil stocks at Jose had reduced to between 9 million and 11 million barrels since September from a monthly peak of 14 million barrels earlier this year, according to figures provided by trade intelligence firm Kpler.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>随着今年石油出口的稳定和上升，PDVSA 在 Jose 的陆上石油库存自 9 月份以来已从年初的 1400 万桶的月度峰值降至 900 万至 1100 万桶之间，Kpler 提供的数据显示。</p>
</div><p>So far in December, they have already reached 12.6 million barrels, pushing up the country’s total oil inventory level to 22 million barrels, the highest since August, Kpler added.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>截至 12 月，他们的库存已达到 1260 万桶，推动该国的总石油库存水平升至 2200 万桶，为自 8 月以来的最高水平，Kpler 补充道。</p>
</div><h3>PUSHING BACK AND FORWARD</h3>
<div class="lb-trans"><h3>向后推和向前推进</h3>
</div><p>PDVSA had been pushing customers to continue receiving oil cargoes bound for China at the Jose port through last week, but convincing them is growing difficult after the U.S. targeted two more vessels over the weekend, company sources said. Building floating storage has become necessary as the company negotiates price discounts and contract changes with some customers, while others begin to push to return their cargoes to the terminals, the sources added.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>PDVSA 一直在推动客户继续接收前往中国的油货，直到上周，但在美国在周末针对另外两艘船只后，说服他们变得越来越困难，公司的消息来源表示。随着公司与一些客户谈判价格折扣和合同变更，建立浮动储存变得必要，而其他客户则开始推动将他们的货物退回到码头，消息来源补充道。</p>
</div><p>Last week, top officials at PDVSA discussed but then declined to declare force majeure over some crude exports, sources said, in an attempt to negotiate individually with its customers. Under force majeure, a seller frees itself from its delivery commitments for reasons out of its control set in contracts.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>上周，PDVSA 的高层官员讨论但随后拒绝宣布对某些原油出口的不可抗力，消息来源称，试图与客户进行单独谈判。在不可抗力的情况下，卖方因合同中规定的超出其控制范围的原因解除交付承诺。</p>
</div><p>On Monday evening, Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro said oil cargo deliveries for Chevron to export would continue despite the dispute with Washington, which is ratcheting up pressure on him to leave power. “(Under) rain, thunder, or lightning, and regardless of any conflicts, the contract with Chevron will be fulfilled. We are serious, decent people,” he said in a televised speech.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>周一晚上，委内瑞拉总统尼古拉斯·马杜罗表示，尽管与华盛顿的争端加剧了对他的施压，雪佛龙的石油货物交付将继续。“（在）雨、雷、闪电下，无论发生任何冲突，与雪佛龙的合同都将得到履行。我们是认真的、体面的人民，” 他在电视讲话中说道。</p>
</div><p>Chevron has repeatedly said that its operations in Venezuela “continue without disruption and in full compliance with laws and regulations applicable to its business.” On Tuesday, Venezuela’s ruling-party-controlled National Assembly approved a law that introduces prison sentences of up to 20 years for anyone who promotes or finances what it describes as piracy or blockades of oil cargoes.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>雪佛龙多次表示，其在委内瑞拉的运营 “持续没有中断，并完全遵守适用于其业务的法律和法规。” 周二，委内瑞拉执政党控制的国民议会通过了一项法律，对任何促进或资助其所称的石油货物海盗行为或封锁的人处以最长 20 年的监禁。</p>
</div>

由于陆上储存罐已满，委内瑞拉转向使用浮动储存