<p>作者：安德鲁·瑞琴伯格</p>
<p>强大的 “大农业”——而不是小农户和牧场主，甚至不是关税——是食品可负担危机的根本原因</p>
<p>美国的食品市场被操控。一小部分巨型企业正在利用通货膨胀和全球冲击来掩盖他们的价格欺诈。</p>
<p>特朗普政府最近宣布了一项价值 120 亿美元的 “过渡支付” 计划，旨在帮助美国农民。这是对美国食品系统破裂程度的承认。</p>
<p>但任何支付都只是对一个深度操控市场的权宜之计。它将 110 亿美元的支付资金导向大型农业的种植者。这并不能解决推动美国食品价格上涨的结构性问题。而且，它让那些在美国农业行业整合中受到挤压的地方农民和牧场主被抛在了后面。</p>
<p>目前食品价格飙升。去美国的任何一家杂货店，你都会看到同样的情况——价格高得离谱。牛肉的平均价格超过每磅 6 美元。鸡蛋价格最近有所下降，但在 2025 年的大部分时间里仍高于每打 5 美元。全国各地的人们在超市结账时都感到无奈。</p>
<p>关税并不是你杂货账单暴涨的原因。</p>
<p>现在问问自己：谁从中获利？</p>
<p>你会听到一些评论员将上涨的食品价格归咎于关税，甚至农民。但这完全是胡说八道。真相是，美国的食品市场被操控。一小部分巨型企业正在利用通货膨胀和全球冲击来掩盖他们的价格欺诈。</p>
<p>关税并不是你杂货账单暴涨的原因。今年非燃料进口价格仅上涨了 0.8%，而食品的进口价格实际上下降了 1%。这意味着即使杂货价格持续上涨，食品进口价格却在下降。</p>
<p>真正推动这一切的是企业的定价权。</p>
<p>看看牛肉行业。四家公司——泰森食品（Tyson Foods）、JBS、嘉吉（Cargill）和国家牛肉（National Beef）——控制了超过 80% 的牛肉加工。美国农业部的数据表明，随着屠宰企业的控制力加大，牛肉价格与批发牛肉之间的差距急剧扩大。因此，尽管大型肉类加工商向消费者收取的价格越来越高，但美国的牧场主却受到挤压。</p>
<p>再考虑一下，美国的牛群数量已经降至 8670 万头——这是自 1951 年以来的最低水平。而肉类加工商 JBS 刚刚支付了 8350 万美元来解决主要加工商压低牛价和抬高利润的指控。</p>
<p>或者考虑鸡蛋。在禽流感爆发期间，全国数百万只母鸡被销毁。然而，供应约 20% 美国鸡蛋的 Cal-Maine Foods 报告称没有流感损失——但仍然将利润翻了三倍。鸡蛋价格飙升，而 Cal-Maine 只是趁机获利。现在该公司因其定价行为正在接受司法部的调查。</p>
<p>当少数公司控制整个市场时，他们会将每一次危机都变成提高价格的借口。</p>
<p>这就是当少数公司控制整个市场时发生的事情：他们将每一次危机都变成提高家庭食品价格的借口。这不仅仅是肉类和鸡蛋。从谷物到汽水，从零食到农产品，模式都是一样的。自 COVID-19 疫情开始以来，美国顶级食品公司的利润增长了 51%——并不是因为他们的成本飙升，而是因为他们看到了机会并加以利用。他们缩小包装，抬高价格，并将其归咎于 “通货膨胀”。但这并不是通货膨胀。这是一场协调一致的企业掠夺狂潮。</p>
<p>与此同时，美国的农民和牧场主正在被挤出他们所建立的食品系统。如今，农民每花费 1 美元购买食品，仅能获得约 16 美分——这是现代历史上最低的份额之一。其余的则流向了在美国食品市场中构建垄断的企业加工商、分销商和零售巨头。</p>
<p>结果显而易见。年轻农民无法负担土地。中型牧场正在消失。自 1997 年以来，超过 312,000 个家庭农场消失，因为大型农业公司和私募股权公司正在收购乡村土地。</p>
<p>令人震惊的是，尽管进口创下纪录，美国人的杂货账单却没有下降。事实上，美国的农业贸易逆差在 2025 年达到了历史新高。但零售食品价格的上涨速度仍快于整体通货膨胀。这告诉我们，进口并没有被用来降低杂货账单。相反，它们被用来削弱国内美国生产者的竞争力，而企业则保持消费者价格的高位。</p>
<p>这不仅仅是糟糕的经济学。这是一场可负担性危机。当一次干扰——如疾病爆发、港口延误、外国危机——能够导致价格飙升时，美国的大型农业公司将其视为价格欺诈的机会。除非有所改变，否则我们将继续看到这种情况一再上演。</p>
<p>华盛顿必须打破那些劫持美国食品系统的企业卡特尔的控制。</p>
<p>这不是可持续的。这也不是美国人民应得的。</p>
<p>支持美国国内食品生产并不意味着支持大型农业。相反，这意味着支持那些长期以来为我们的食品系统提供基础的地方农民和牧场主，而不是那些正在榨取它的大型农业公司。</p>
<p>华盛顿必须打破那些劫持美国食品系统的企业卡特尔的控制。这意味着恢复真正的竞争，执行反垄断法，并投资于美国农村。是时候将人民置于利润之上——并将食品放在餐桌上——通过支持美国的地方农民和反对大型企业的价格欺诈。</p>
<p>安德鲁·瑞琴伯格是繁荣美国联盟的经济学家。</p>
<p>更多：特朗普称可负担性是 “骗局”，但消费者在 2026 年应期待更多痛苦</p>
<p>另请阅读：价格上涨和减肥药正在改变我们的饮食方式——食品公司正在争相跟上</p>
<p>——安德鲁·瑞琴伯格</p>
<p>该内容由 MarketWatch 创建，MarketWatch 由道琼斯公司运营。MarketWatch 独立于道琼斯新闻通讯和《华尔街日报》发布。</p>
<p>（结束）道琼斯新闻通讯</p>
<p>12-23-25 1606ET</p>

泰森食品

Cal-Maine食品

<p>美国的食品市场被少数大型企业主导，导致价格欺诈和不断上涨的食品账单。尽管进口价格下降，零售食品价格却因企业控制而上升。农民和牧场主被挤压，只能获得每美元食品支出的 16 美分。这个系统更倾向于企业利润而非可负担性，造成了经济危机。华盛顿必须解决这些垄断问题，以确保公平定价并支持当地生产者</p>

<p>By Andrew Rechenberg</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>作者：安德鲁·瑞琴伯格</p>
</div><p>Powerful 'Big Ag' - not small farmers and ranchers or even tariffs - is the root cause of the food-affordability crisis</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>强大的 “大农业”——而不是小农户和牧场主，甚至不是关税——是食品可负担危机的根本原因</p>
</div><p>America's food market is rigged. A handful of massive corporations are using inflation and global shocks to cover up their price gouging.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>美国的食品市场被操控。一小部分巨型企业正在利用通货膨胀和全球冲击来掩盖他们的价格欺诈。</p>
</div><p>The Trump administration recently announced a $12 billion package of &#34;bridge payments&#34; for America's farmers. It's an acknowledgment of how broken America's food system has become.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>特朗普政府最近宣布了一项价值 120 亿美元的 “过渡支付” 计划，旨在帮助美国农民。这是对美国食品系统破裂程度的承认。</p>
</div><p>But any payment is only a bandage for a deeply rigged market. It directs $11 billion in payments to Big Ag row-crop producers. That won't confront the structural failures driving up America's food prices. And it leaves behind the local farmers and ranchers currently getting squeezed by consolidation throughout the U.S. agricultural industry.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>但任何支付都只是对一个深度操控市场的权宜之计。它将 110 亿美元的支付资金导向大型农业的种植者。这并不能解决推动美国食品价格上涨的结构性问题。而且，它让那些在美国农业行业整合中受到挤压的地方农民和牧场主被抛在了后面。</p>
</div><p>Food prices are soaring right now. Go to any grocery store in America and you'll see the same thing - prices are off the charts. Ground beef averages more than $6 a pound. Egg prices have fallen recently but have been above $5 a dozen for much of 2025. People across the country are staggering through the supermarket checkout line.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>目前食品价格飙升。去美国的任何一家杂货店，你都会看到同样的情况——价格高得离谱。牛肉的平均价格超过每磅 6 美元。鸡蛋价格最近有所下降，但在 2025 年的大部分时间里仍高于每打 5 美元。全国各地的人们在超市结账时都感到无奈。</p>
</div><p>Tariffs are not the reason your grocery bill has exploded.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>关税并不是你杂货账单暴涨的原因。</p>
</div><p>Now ask yourself: Who's getting rich from this?</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>现在问问自己：谁从中获利？</p>
</div><p>You'll hear some pundits blame tariffs, or even farmers, for rising food prices. But that's nonsense. The truth is that America's food market is rigged. A handful of massive corporations are using inflation and global shocks to cover up their price gouging.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>你会听到一些评论员将上涨的食品价格归咎于关税，甚至农民。但这完全是胡说八道。真相是，美国的食品市场被操控。一小部分巨型企业正在利用通货膨胀和全球冲击来掩盖他们的价格欺诈。</p>
</div><p>Tariffs are not the reason your grocery bill has exploded. Nonfuel import prices are only up 0.8% this year, and import prices for food have actually fallen 1%. That means food import prices are going down even as grocery prices keep going up.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>关税并不是你杂货账单暴涨的原因。今年非燃料进口价格仅上涨了 0.8%，而食品的进口价格实际上下降了 1%。这意味着即使杂货价格持续上涨，食品进口价格却在下降。</p>
</div><p>What's really driving this is corporate pricing power.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>真正推动这一切的是企业的定价权。</p>
</div><p>Look at the beef industry. Four companies - Tyson Foods (TSN), JBS (JBS), Cargill and National Beef - control more than 80% of cattle processing. U.S. Department of Agriculture data show sharply widening spreads between cattle prices and wholesale beef as packers tighten their grip. As a result, America's ranchers are getting squeezed even as big meatpackers are charging consumers more than ever.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>看看牛肉行业。四家公司——泰森食品（Tyson Foods）、JBS、嘉吉（Cargill）和国家牛肉（National Beef）——控制了超过 80% 的牛肉加工。美国农业部的数据表明，随着屠宰企业的控制力加大，牛肉价格与批发牛肉之间的差距急剧扩大。因此，尽管大型肉类加工商向消费者收取的价格越来越高，但美国的牧场主却受到挤压。</p>
</div><p>Consider, too, that the U.S. cattle herd has collapsed to just 86.7 million head - the lowest level since 1951. And meatpacker JBS just paid $83.5 million to settle claims that the major packers have worked to suppress cattle prices and inflate profits.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>再考虑一下，美国的牛群数量已经降至 8670 万头——这是自 1951 年以来的最低水平。而肉类加工商 JBS 刚刚支付了 8350 万美元来解决主要加工商压低牛价和抬高利润的指控。</p>
</div><p>Or consider eggs. During the avian flu outbreak, millions of hens were destroyed across the country. However, Cal-Maine Foods (CALM), which supplies about 20% of America's eggs, reported no flu losses - yet still tripled its profits. Egg prices soared, and Cal-Maine simply took advantage. Now the company is under Department of Justice investigation for its pricing practices.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>或者考虑鸡蛋。在禽流感爆发期间，全国数百万只母鸡被销毁。然而，供应约 20% 美国鸡蛋的 Cal-Maine Foods 报告称没有流感损失——但仍然将利润翻了三倍。鸡蛋价格飙升，而 Cal-Maine 只是趁机获利。现在该公司因其定价行为正在接受司法部的调查。</p>
</div><p>When a few companies control an entire market, they turn every crisis into an excuse to raise prices.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>当少数公司控制整个市场时，他们会将每一次危机都变成提高价格的借口。</p>
</div><p>This is what happens when a few companies control an entire market: They turn every crisis into an excuse to raise prices on families struggling to afford food. It's not just meat and eggs. From cereal to soda, snacks to produce, the pattern is identical. The top U.S. food companies have increased profits by 51% since the COVID-19 pandemic began - not because their costs skyrocketed, but because they saw an opening and took advantage. They shrank packages, raised prices and blamed &#34;inflation.&#34; But it wasn't inflation. It was a coordinated corporate feeding frenzy.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>这就是当少数公司控制整个市场时发生的事情：他们将每一次危机都变成提高家庭食品价格的借口。这不仅仅是肉类和鸡蛋。从谷物到汽水，从零食到农产品，模式都是一样的。自 COVID-19 疫情开始以来，美国顶级食品公司的利润增长了 51%——并不是因为他们的成本飙升，而是因为他们看到了机会并加以利用。他们缩小包装，抬高价格，并将其归咎于 “通货膨胀”。但这并不是通货膨胀。这是一场协调一致的企业掠夺狂潮。</p>
</div><p>Meanwhile, America's farmers and ranchers are being squeezed out of the food system they built. Today, farmers receive only about 16 cents of every dollar Americans spend on food - one of the lowest shares in modern history. The rest goes to the corporate processors, distributors and retail giants that have constructed monopolies within America's food market.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>与此同时，美国的农民和牧场主正在被挤出他们所建立的食品系统。如今，农民每花费 1 美元购买食品，仅能获得约 16 美分——这是现代历史上最低的份额之一。其余的则流向了在美国食品市场中构建垄断的企业加工商、分销商和零售巨头。</p>
</div><p>The results are evident. Young farmers can't afford land. Midsize ranches are vanishing. Overall, more than 312,000 family farms have disappeared since 1997 as Big Ag corporations and private-equity firms buy up the countryside.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>结果显而易见。年轻农民无法负担土地。中型牧场正在消失。自 1997 年以来，超过 312,000 个家庭农场消失，因为大型农业公司和私募股权公司正在收购乡村土地。</p>
</div><p>What's stunning is that, despite record imports, Americans' grocery bills aren't going down. In fact, the U.S. agricultural trade deficit hit an all-time high in 2025. But retail food prices still rose faster than overall inflation. This tells us that imports aren't being used to lower grocery bills. Instead, they're being used to undercut domestic American producers while corporations keep consumer prices high.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>令人震惊的是，尽管进口创下纪录，美国人的杂货账单却没有下降。事实上，美国的农业贸易逆差在 2025 年达到了历史新高。但零售食品价格的上涨速度仍快于整体通货膨胀。这告诉我们，进口并没有被用来降低杂货账单。相反，它们被用来削弱国内美国生产者的竞争力，而企业则保持消费者价格的高位。</p>
</div><p>This isn't just bad economics. It's an affordability crisis. When one disruption - a disease outbreak, a port delay, a foreign crisis - can send prices soaring, America's large agricultural corporations see it as a price-gouging opportunity. Unless something changes, we'll continue to see this play out again and again.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>这不仅仅是糟糕的经济学。这是一场可负担性危机。当一次干扰——如疾病爆发、港口延误、外国危机——能够导致价格飙升时，美国的大型农业公司将其视为价格欺诈的机会。除非有所改变，否则我们将继续看到这种情况一再上演。</p>
</div><p>Washington must break the grip of the corporate cartels that have hijacked America's food system.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>华盛顿必须打破那些劫持美国食品系统的企业卡特尔的控制。</p>
</div><p>This isn't sustainable. And it's not what the American people deserve.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>这不是可持续的。这也不是美国人民应得的。</p>
</div><p>Supporting domestic American food production does not mean backing Big Ag. Instead, it means standing with local farmers and ranchers that have long provided the foundation of our food system - not the Big Ag corporations that are bleeding it dry.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>支持美国国内食品生产并不意味着支持大型农业。相反，这意味着支持那些长期以来为我们的食品系统提供基础的地方农民和牧场主，而不是那些正在榨取它的大型农业公司。</p>
</div><p>Washington must break the grip of the corporate cartels that have hijacked America's food system. That means restoring real competition, enforcing antitrust laws and investing in rural America. It's past time to put people over profit - and food on the table - by standing up for America's local farmers and against large corporate price gouging.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>华盛顿必须打破那些劫持美国食品系统的企业卡特尔的控制。这意味着恢复真正的竞争，执行反垄断法，并投资于美国农村。是时候将人民置于利润之上——并将食品放在餐桌上——通过支持美国的地方农民和反对大型企业的价格欺诈。</p>
</div><p>Andrew Rechenberg is an economist at the Coalition for a Prosperous America.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>安德鲁·瑞琴伯格是繁荣美国联盟的经济学家。</p>
</div><p>More: Trump says affordability is a 'hoax,' but consumers should expect more pain in 2026</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>更多：特朗普称可负担性是 “骗局”，但消费者在 2026 年应期待更多痛苦</p>
</div><p>Also read: Rising prices and weight-loss drugs are changing the way we eat - and food companies are racing to keep up</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>另请阅读：价格上涨和减肥药正在改变我们的饮食方式——食品公司正在争相跟上</p>
</div><p>-Andrew Rechenberg</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>——安德鲁·瑞琴伯格</p>
</div><p>This content was created by MarketWatch, which is operated by Dow Jones &amp; Co. MarketWatch is published independently from Dow Jones Newswires and The Wall Street Journal.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>该内容由 MarketWatch 创建，MarketWatch 由道琼斯公司运营。MarketWatch 独立于道琼斯新闻通讯和《华尔街日报》发布。</p>
</div><p>(END) Dow Jones Newswires</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>（结束）道琼斯新闻通讯</p>
</div><p>12-23-25 1606ET</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>12-23-25 1606ET</p>
</div>

美国的食品市场被操控。看看是谁在变得富有，而我们中的许多人却在为食品账单而苦苦挣扎