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美国在全球贸易战中采取了最新行动。根据一份新报告的结果，特朗普政府宣布对中国半导体产品实施新一轮关税，尽管这些关税尚未生效。新关税的实际生效日期为 2027 年 6 月 23 日。推迟实施可能是由于最近美中之间紧张局势的轻微缓解，因为中国政府最近也推迟了对稀土产品的出口限制，延至明年。
在技术层面上，根据美国贸易代表的通知，关税已经以 0% 的税率生效，这一数字将在 18 个月后的 2027 年 6 月 23 日上升。新的税率将在该日期前不迟于 30 天公布。至关重要的是，新的关税将加在已经存在的 50% 中国半导体进口税之上，该税自今年 1 月 1 日起生效。
值得注意的是，尽管在最新制裁中有一些重叠，但关税代码包括 8541 项下的二极管、晶体管、放大器和光耦合器，但不包括 1 月 1 日关税涵盖的 8542 项，这意味着不同组件将有不同的关税率，有些将面临双重打击。
新关税是由工业与安全局（BIS）发起的一项为期一年的调查的结果，该调查最初是在拜登政府期间对中国半导体生产链进行的调查的一部分。最终报告已公开，并描绘了一个有趣的图景。调查的这一部分集中在 “传统” 芯片（通常为 22nm 及以上）和其他组件，如运算放大器、模拟芯片和二极管——这些都是构建大多数电子设备所必需的组件。
BIS 将当前对中国半导体的过度依赖与 COVID 疫情期间的情况进行了比较，当时显而易见地发现，太多产品依赖于有限数量的集中来源的组件。在这种情况下，BIS 发现 “在所有受访者的产品中，66%（按收入计算）包含或可能包含至少一个由中国大陆铸造厂制造的芯片”，许多受访者甚至无法确定这些芯片的来源，或者在确定时，是否源自中国大陆。
报告声称，这种情况是 “非市场过剩和经济胁迫” 的结果。根据 HoganLovells 的说法，调查结果 “[指向] 中国的工业政策框架，包括中国制造 2025 计划，该计划据称为国内半导体生产和产能设定了具体的数字目标。”
中国 allegedly 通过非市场手段将自己定位为美国半导体供应的主要来源，包括 “国有或国控企业、市场准入限制、不透明的监管实践、工资压制以及通过政府指导基金提供的 substantial 国家财政支持。” 与电动车和绿色能源市场类似，这些做法导致了价格的人工降低和生产的集中在中国。
这一切发生在一个中国掌握稀土供应大部分份额的世界中，并将这一资产作为贸易战中的武器。控制原材料和生产这些产品的手段无疑是双重打击，而仅靠关税可能无法阻止这一切。
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DIOD

特朗普政府宣布对中国半导体产品实施新的关税，预计将于 2027 年 6 月 23 日生效。这些关税源于商务部的调查，针对二极管和晶体管等组件，并将加征在现有的 50% 中国半导体进口税基础上。实施的延迟可能与美中之间紧张局势的缓解有关。商务部报告强调了对中国半导体的过度依赖以及中国的产业政策是关键问题

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<div class="lb-trans">图片来源：Getty Images
</div>The U.S. has made its latest move in the global trade war. Based on the results of a new report, the Trump administration has announced a new round of tariffs on Chinese semiconductor products, though they won't take effect just yet. The de facto for the new tariff is June 23, 2027. The delayed implementation may be thanks to a recent and mild easing of tensions between the U.S. and China, as the Chinese government has itself recently delayed export restrictions on rare-earths products into next year.
<div class="lb-trans">美国在全球贸易战中采取了最新行动。根据一份新报告的结果，特朗普政府宣布对中国半导体产品实施新一轮关税，尽管这些关税尚未生效。新关税的实际生效日期为 2027 年 6 月 23 日。推迟实施可能是由于最近美中之间紧张局势的轻微缓解，因为中国政府最近也推迟了对稀土产品的出口限制，延至明年。
</div>At a technical level, per the U.S. Trade Representative notice, the tariffs are already in in place at a 0% rate, a figure that will increase in 18 months on June 23, 2027. The new rate will be known no later than 30 days before that date. Crucially, the new tariffs would be applied on top of the already-existing 50% tax on Chinese semiconductor imports that came into effect January 1 this year.
<div class="lb-trans">在技术层面上，根据美国贸易代表的通知，关税已经以 0% 的税率生效，这一数字将在 18 个月后的 2027 年 6 月 23 日上升。新的税率将在该日期前不迟于 30 天公布。至关重要的是，新的关税将加在已经存在的 50% 中国半导体进口税之上，该税自今年 1 月 1 日起生效。
</div>It's worth noting that while there's some overlap in the late, the tariff codes in the latest sanctions include section 8541 items including diodes, transistors, amplifiers, and optic couplers, but do not include the 8542 section covered by the January 1st tariffs, meaning that different components would have different tariff rates, and some would get hit with a double-strike.
<div class="lb-trans">值得注意的是，尽管在最新制裁中有一些重叠，但关税代码包括 8541 项下的二极管、晶体管、放大器和光耦合器，但不包括 1 月 1 日关税涵盖的 8542 项，这意味着不同组件将有不同的关税率，有些将面临双重打击。
</div>The new tariffs are the result of a year-long survey launched by the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS), which itself was part of an investigation into China's semiconductor production chain originally launched during the Biden administration. The resulting report has been made public and paints an interesting picture. This part of the investigation focused on &#34;legacy&#34; chips (usually 22nm and larger) and other components like op-amps, analog chips, and diodes — all components that are material to building most any electronic device.
<div class="lb-trans">新关税是由工业与安全局（BIS）发起的一项为期一年的调查的结果，该调查最初是在拜登政府期间对中国半导体生产链进行的调查的一部分。最终报告已公开，并描绘了一个有趣的图景。调查的这一部分集中在 “传统” 芯片（通常为 22nm 及以上）和其他组件，如运算放大器、模拟芯片和二极管——这些都是构建大多数电子设备所必需的组件。
</div>The BIS compares the current over-reliance on Chinese semiconductors to the situation that took place during the COVID pandemic, where it became painfully obvious that far too many products relied on components that had a limited number of centralized sources. In this instance, the BIS found that &#34;across all respondents’ products, 66 percent (by revenue) contained or likely contained at least one chip manufactured by PRC-based foundries,&#34; with many respondents to even being able to pinpoint the source of those chips, or when they did, if they originated in the PRC.
<div class="lb-trans">BIS 将当前对中国半导体的过度依赖与 COVID 疫情期间的情况进行了比较，当时显而易见地发现，太多产品依赖于有限数量的集中来源的组件。在这种情况下，BIS 发现 “在所有受访者的产品中，66%（按收入计算）包含或可能包含至少一个由中国大陆铸造厂制造的芯片”，许多受访者甚至无法确定这些芯片的来源，或者在确定时，是否源自中国大陆。
</div>The report claims that the situation is the results of &#34;non-market overcapacity and economic coercion.&#34; According to HoganLovells, the findings &#34;[point] to China’s industrial policy frameworks, including the Made in China 2025 initiative, which reportedly establishes specific numerical targets for domestic semiconductor production and capacity.&#34;
<div class="lb-trans">报告声称，这种情况是 “非市场过剩和经济胁迫” 的结果。根据 HoganLovells 的说法，调查结果 “[指向] 中国的工业政策框架，包括中国制造 2025 计划，该计划据称为国内半导体生产和产能设定了具体的数字目标。”
</div>The non-market means through which China allegedly managed to position itself as the source of the bulk of the U.S.' semiconductor supplies include &#34;state-owned or state-controlled enterprises, market access restrictions, opaque regulatory practices, wage suppression, and substantial state financial support through government guidance funds.&#34; Analogous to the EV and green energy markets, these practices resulted in an artificial lowering of prices and subsequent concentration of production within China.
<div class="lb-trans">中国 allegedly 通过非市场手段将自己定位为美国半导体供应的主要来源，包括 “国有或国控企业、市场准入限制、不透明的监管实践、工资压制以及通过政府指导基金提供的 substantial 国家财政支持。” 与电动车和绿色能源市场类似，这些做法导致了价格的人工降低和生产的集中在中国。
</div>This all happens in a world where China holds the lion's share of rare earth supplies and has used that asset as a weapon in the trade war. Controlling both the raw materials and the means of production of the products they feed into is quite the double-whammy, and it's one that tariffs alone may not be able to stop.
<div class="lb-trans">这一切发生在一个中国掌握稀土供应大部分份额的世界中，并将这一资产作为贸易战中的武器。控制原材料和生产这些产品的手段无疑是双重打击，而仅靠关税可能无法阻止这一切。
</div><img src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://s.yimg.com/ny/api/res/1.2/XQiaOCPTVwxDez5nswKfqw--/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjt3PTk2MDtoPTMwMg--/https://media.zenfs.com/en/toms_hardware_319/bc7d7608946e0fef6e1eab3901badd2b" alt="" original-src="https://s.yimg.com/ny/api/res/1.2/XQiaOCPTVwxDez5nswKfqw--/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjt3PTk2MDtoPTMwMg--/https://media.zenfs.com/en/toms_hardware_319/bc7d7608946e0fef6e1eab3901badd2b"/>
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Trump administration announces new tariffs on Chinese chips and electronic components — but fresh sanctions won't take effect until 2027, and rates remain unknown

特朗普政府宣布对中国芯片和电子元件征收新关税——但新的制裁要到 2027 年才会生效，具体税率尚未公布