<p>自特朗普总统于 1 月就职以来，政府拥抱化石燃料，同时回避可再生能源、气候行动和相关法规。</p>
<p>以下是政府在 2025 年期间对能源政策进行重大调整的一些主要方式。</p>
<h3>全力支持化石燃料和核能</h3>
<p>特朗普政府支持化石燃料以及核能。它试图向这些能源来源注入资金，并减少繁文缛节。</p>
<p>在就职的第一天，总统宣布进入 “能源紧急状态”——这是为了推动总统支持的能源来源的生产。</p>
<p>那天，他还命令政府在阿拉斯加开放更多的钻探——他的政府随后提议这样做——并审查 “妨碍国内能源资源开发” 的政策。</p>
<p>自那时以来，他的政府提议取消对煤炭和天然气发电厂的监管。它还免除了数十个煤电厂在汞、铅、镍和砷排放方面的更严格标准，并推迟了旨在减少煤电厂污染的其他规定。</p>
<p>内政部还大幅缩短了对联邦土地上化石燃料和采矿项目的环境审查时间。</p>
<p>它还推迟了对石油和天然气钻探中温室气体甲烷的限制，目的是消除这些限制。即使在创纪录的政府停摆期间，政府仍继续批准钻探许可证。</p>
<p>政府还提议大规模扩展海上石油和天然气钻探——包括加利福尼亚和佛罗里达沿海。</p>
<p>它还试图出口更多美国生产的天然气。</p>
<p>政府表示，最终希望将国家的核能生产能力提高四倍。作为这一努力的一部分，特朗普指示核监管委员会缩短核反应堆环境审查的时间，并重新考虑其辐射标准。</p>
<h3>对可再生能源的攻击</h3>
<p>自他上任的第一天——甚至在竞选期间——总统就试图阻碍可再生能源，尤其是风能。</p>
<p>在第一天，他发布命令，阻止政府拍卖在公共土地或公共水域上建设风电场的权利。</p>
<p>自那时以来，政府已暂停了多个海上风电项目的已发放许可证。12 月进一步升级，暂停了五个主要风电项目的租约。</p>
<p>与此同时，总统的 “宏伟、美丽” 的税收法案取消了可再生能源项目的丰厚税收抵免，除非它们在法案生效一年内开始建设或在 2028 年前发电——这对该行业和美国气候努力造成了重大打击。该法案还取消了电动车的抵免。</p>
<p>政府还为可再生能源行业设置了额外障碍，包括将太阳能和风能项目置于更高的审查流程中，这可能会减缓批准速度并使大型项目更难获得批准——这一举措预计会对太阳能和风能造成伤害。</p>
<p>政府还试图在机构层面逐步取消拜登时代对许多低碳能源来源的补贴——试图从环境保护局（EPA）和能源部收回数十亿用于绿色项目的资金。</p>
<h3>专注于气候去监管和否认</h3>
<p>特朗普政府不仅试图压制可再生能源，还瞄准了其他气候政策——甚至淡化或否认气候变化本身。</p>
<p>EPA 提议撤销危险性发现——这是 2009 年的一项里程碑式的决定，认为气候变化对公共健康构成威胁。</p>
<p>这一举措是为了削减支持该发现的车辆污染限制。相关地，政府提议在交通部撤回车辆燃油效率标准，并在税收大法案中取消违反效率标准的处罚。</p>
<p>与此同时，能源部发布了一份由知名气候变化怀疑论者撰写的有争议的报告，淡化了气候危机及其影响。这后来被一组气候科学家驳斥。</p>
<p>政府还针对气候研究，解雇了曾在国家气候评估工作中的科学家，并削减了完成国会要求的报告的合同。与此同时，在 12 月，政府表示将 “解散” 位于科罗拉多的气候研究中心。</p>
<p>特朗普在就职的第一天还采取措施让美国退出全球巴黎协定——这是各国同意努力限制气候变化的协议。退出将于 2026 年生效。</p>
<p>政府还未派代表参加在巴西举行的 COP30 全球气候谈判。它试图破坏其他全球气候和环境协议，包括对全球航运征收碳税的努力。</p>
<p>它还试图削弱各州的气候和环境努力，特朗普指示司法部针对妨碍能源开发的州级法律。</p>
<h3>放宽环境法规</h3>
<p>今年，政府开始放宽与水、毒性化学物质等相关的一系列法规。</p>
<p>特朗普指示各机构在 2026 年 10 月之前逐步取消各种能源和环境法规。与此同时，EPA 提议缩小《清洁水法》的法规范围。</p>
<p>它还提议推迟水务公司遵守 2024 年对饮用水中持久化学物质的里程碑限制，并将该法规缩小到仅适用于两种化学物质，而不是六种。</p>
<p>它还表示计划重新考虑对能源、制造和化工行业的有害空气污染的限制。环保署还表示将重新考虑化工厂工人的安全标准，并提议放宽对潜在有毒化学品的安全筛查。</p>
<p>今年早些时候，特朗普总统还将超过 100 家污染企业从拜登时代旨在限制有毒化学物质排放的污染限制中豁免。</p>
<p>该政府在化学相关政策上的一些举措不仅遭到了民主党的反对，也遭到了 “让美国再次健康” 运动中盟友的抵制。</p>
<h3>拥抱人工智能</h3>
<p>特朗普政府拥抱人工智能（AI）数据中心的建设，这些举措预计将对环境和气候产生重大影响。</p>
<p>政府寻求加快数据中心的许可，包括通过创建 “类别排除” 来缩减这些项目的环境评审。</p>
<p>环保署表示将努力加快新化学品的批准，这些化学品预计将用于数据中心。同时，能源部也在推动尽快将数据中心连接到电网。</p>
<h3>解散联邦劳动力</h3>
<p>政府寻求削减联邦劳动力，包括在环保机构的人员。</p>
<p>今年早些时候，政府向联邦工作人员提供了多轮买断，导致数万名工作人员离开政府。</p>
<p>包括内政部和国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）在内的各个机构和部门也在年初进行了大规模的试用期员工裁员。</p>
<p>特别是在 NOAA 及其国家气象局的裁员引发了反对，特朗普政府后来试图调整员工并招聘气象学家来填补空缺。</p>
<p>一些机构进行了有针对性的裁员，环保署解散了其研究与发展办公室，并裁减了在环境正义方面工作的员工，即针对过度负担和服务不足社区的污染问题。</p>
<p>与此同时，卫生与公共服务部解雇了所有在低收入家庭能源援助计划中工作的员工。</p>
<p>根据 9 月底的机构应急计划，像环保署这样的机构在一年中员工数量减少，员工人数从 2025 年初的超过 17,000 人降至 15,166 人。</p>
<p>联邦应急管理局（FEMA）也成为特朗普政府的目标，特朗普和国土安全部长克里斯蒂·诺埃姆曾提出要消除该机构。</p>
<p>虽然他们后来将言辞转向改革该机构，但特朗普和诺埃姆尚未透露改革计划。CNN 报道称，计划将应急管理局的员工人数削减一半。</p>

美国能源

<p>自特朗普总统就职以来，他的政府将化石燃料和核能作为优先事项，减少监管并推动钻探。政府回撤了可再生能源倡议，停止了风能项目，并削减了可再生能源的税收抵免。该政府还淡化了气候变化，旨在废除气候政策并退出巴黎协定。这些举措反映了特朗普领导下美国能源和环境政策的重大转变</p>

<p>Since President Trump’s inauguration in January, the administration has embraced fossil fuels while eschewing renewable energy, climate actions and regulations.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>自特朗普总统于 1 月就职以来，政府拥抱化石燃料，同时回避可再生能源、气候行动和相关法规。</p>
</div><p>Here are some of the major ways the administration has shaken up energy policy over the course of 2025.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>以下是政府在 2025 年期间对能源政策进行重大调整的一些主要方式。</p>
</div><h3>All in on fossil fuels, nuclear energy</h3>
<div class="lb-trans"><h3>全力支持化石燃料和核能</h3>
</div><p>The Trump administration has embraced fossil fuels, as well as nuclear energy. It has sought to funnel money toward these energy sources and cut down red tape.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>特朗普政府支持化石燃料以及核能。它试图向这些能源来源注入资金，并减少繁文缛节。</p>
</div><p>On his first day in office, the president declared an “energy emergency” — part of an effort to jumpstart production from energy sources the president supports.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>在就职的第一天，总统宣布进入 “能源紧急状态”——这是为了推动总统支持的能源来源的生产。</p>
</div><p>That day, he also ordered his administration to open up more drilling in Alaska — something his administration has since proposed to do — and review policies that “burden the development of domestic energy resources.”</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>那天，他还命令政府在阿拉斯加开放更多的钻探——他的政府随后提议这样做——并审查 “妨碍国内能源资源开发” 的政策。</p>
</div><p>Since then, his administration has proposed axing regulations on coal and gas power plants. It also exempted dozens of coal plants from stricter standards for mercury, lead, nickel and arsenic emissions ,and moved to delay other rules that aimed to curtail coal plant pollution.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>自那时以来，他的政府提议取消对煤炭和天然气发电厂的监管。它还免除了数十个煤电厂在汞、铅、镍和砷排放方面的更严格标准，并推迟了旨在减少煤电厂污染的其他规定。</p>
</div><p>The Interior Department dramatically cut down timelines for environmental reviews of fossil fuel and mining projects on federal lands as well.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>内政部还大幅缩短了对联邦土地上化石燃料和采矿项目的环境审查时间。</p>
</div><p>It has also delayed limits on planet-warming methane from oil and gas drilling, with an eye on eliminating the restrictions. The administration continued to approve drilling permits even during the record-long government shutdown.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>它还推迟了对石油和天然气钻探中温室气体甲烷的限制，目的是消除这些限制。即使在创纪录的政府停摆期间，政府仍继续批准钻探许可证。</p>
</div><p>The administration has also proposed a massive expansion of offshore oil and gas drilling — including off of the coast of California and Florida.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>政府还提议大规模扩展海上石油和天然气钻探——包括加利福尼亚和佛罗里达沿海。</p>
</div><p>It has also sought to export more U.S.-produced natural gas.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>它还试图出口更多美国生产的天然气。</p>
</div><p>The administration has said it ultimately hopes to quadruple the nation’s nuclear energy production. As part of that effort, Trump directed the nuclear regulatory commission to cut down on the timeline for nuclear reactor environmental reviews and reconsider its radiation standards.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>政府表示，最终希望将国家的核能生产能力提高四倍。作为这一努力的一部分，特朗普指示核监管委员会缩短核反应堆环境审查的时间，并重新考虑其辐射标准。</p>
</div><h3>Renewable energy attacks</h3>
<div class="lb-trans"><h3>对可再生能源的攻击</h3>
</div><p>Since his first day in office — and even on the campaign trail — the president has sought to hamper renewable energy, especially wind energy.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>自他上任的第一天——甚至在竞选期间——总统就试图阻碍可再生能源，尤其是风能。</p>
</div><p>On Day 1, he issued an order blocking the government from auctioning off the rights to build wind farms on public lands or in public waters.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>在第一天，他发布命令，阻止政府拍卖在公共土地或公共水域上建设风电场的权利。</p>
</div><p>Since that time, the administration has halted already-issued permits for the construction of several offshore wind projects. It further escalated this in December, suspending leases for five major wind projects.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>自那时以来，政府已暂停了多个海上风电项目的已发放许可证。12 月进一步升级，暂停了五个主要风电项目的租约。</p>
</div><p>The president’s “big, beautiful” tax bill, meanwhile, axed lucrative tax credits for renewable energy projects unless they begin construction within a year of the bill’s enactment or produce electricity by 2028 — a major blow to both the sector and U.S. climate efforts. The bill also axed credits for electric vehicles.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>与此同时，总统的 “宏伟、美丽” 的税收法案取消了可再生能源项目的丰厚税收抵免，除非它们在法案生效一年内开始建设或在 2028 年前发电——这对该行业和美国气候努力造成了重大打击。该法案还取消了电动车的抵免。</p>
</div><p>The administration also put additional hurdles in place for the renewable energy industry, including subjecting solar and wind projects to an elevated review process likely to slow down approval and make it more difficult to approve large projects — a move that was expected to hurt solar and wind power.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>政府还为可再生能源行业设置了额外障碍，包括将太阳能和风能项目置于更高的审查流程中，这可能会减缓批准速度并使大型项目更难获得批准——这一举措预计会对太阳能和风能造成伤害。</p>
</div><p>The administration has also sought to phase out Biden-era subsidies for many low-carbon energy sources at the agency level — seeking to claw back billions for green projects at the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Energy Department.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>政府还试图在机构层面逐步取消拜登时代对许多低碳能源来源的补贴——试图从环境保护局（EPA）和能源部收回数十亿用于绿色项目的资金。</p>
</div><h3>A focus on climate deregulation, denial</h3>
<div class="lb-trans"><h3>专注于气候去监管和否认</h3>
</div><p>The Trump administration has not only tried to stifle renewable energy, it has also taken aim at other climate policies — and has even downplayed or denied climate change itself.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>特朗普政府不仅试图压制可再生能源，还瞄准了其他气候政策——甚至淡化或否认气候变化本身。</p>
</div><p>The EPA has proposed to repeal the endangerment finding — a landmark 2009 determination that climate change poses a threat to public health.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>EPA 提议撤销危险性发现——这是 2009 年的一项里程碑式的决定，认为气候变化对公共健康构成威胁。</p>
</div><p>The move is part of an effort to cut vehicle pollution limits supported by that finding. Relatedly, the administration has proposed to roll back vehicle fuel efficiency standards at the Transportation Department and zeroed out the penalties for violating the efficiency standards in the tax megabill.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>这一举措是为了削减支持该发现的车辆污染限制。相关地，政府提议在交通部撤回车辆燃油效率标准，并在税收大法案中取消违反效率标准的处罚。</p>
</div><p>Meanwhile, the Energy Department issued a controversial report written by prominent climate change skeptics that downplayed the climate crisis and its impacts. This was later refuted by a group of climate scientists.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>与此同时，能源部发布了一份由知名气候变化怀疑论者撰写的有争议的报告，淡化了气候危机及其影响。这后来被一组气候科学家驳斥。</p>
</div><p>The administration has also targeted climate research, dismissing scientists who had been working on the National Climate Assessment and cutting contracts to complete the congressionally mandated report. Meanwhile, in December, the administration said the government would “break up” a climate research center in Colorado.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>政府还针对气候研究，解雇了曾在国家气候评估工作中的科学家，并削减了完成国会要求的报告的合同。与此同时，在 12 月，政府表示将 “解散” 位于科罗拉多的气候研究中心。</p>
</div><p>Trump, on his first day in office, also moved to withdraw the U.S. from the global Paris Agreement — a pact under which the world’s countries agreed to try to limit climate change. The withdrawal will take effect in 2026.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>特朗普在就职的第一天还采取措施让美国退出全球巴黎协定——这是各国同意努力限制气候变化的协议。退出将于 2026 年生效。</p>
</div><p>The administration also did not send representatives to global climate negotiations at the COP30 summit in Brazil. It sought to undermine other global climate and environmental deals, including an effort to impose a carbon tax on global shipping.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>政府还未派代表参加在巴西举行的 COP30 全球气候谈判。它试图破坏其他全球气候和环境协议，包括对全球航运征收碳税的努力。</p>
</div><p>And it has tried to undermine state-level climate and environment efforts, as Trump directed the Justice Department to target state-level laws that hamper energy development.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>它还试图削弱各州的气候和环境努力，特朗普指示司法部针对妨碍能源开发的州级法律。</p>
</div><h3>Loosening environmental regulations</h3>
<div class="lb-trans"><h3>放宽环境法规</h3>
</div><p>The administration this year moved to loosen a number of regulations on issues related to water, toxic chemicals and more.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>今年，政府开始放宽与水、毒性化学物质等相关的一系列法规。</p>
</div><p>Trump directed agencies to sunset a wide array of energy and environmental regulations by October 2026. Meanwhile, the EPA proposed to narrow Clean Water Act regulations.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>特朗普指示各机构在 2026 年 10 月之前逐步取消各种能源和环境法规。与此同时，EPA 提议缩小《清洁水法》的法规范围。</p>
</div><p>It also proposed to delay water utilities’ compliance with landmark 2024 limits on forever chemicals in drinking water and narrowed that regulation to apply to just two chemicals instead of six.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>它还提议推迟水务公司遵守 2024 年对饮用水中持久化学物质的里程碑限制，并将该法规缩小到仅适用于两种化学物质，而不是六种。</p>
</div><p>It also indicated that it plans to reconsider restrictions on hazardous air pollution from the energy, manufacturing and chemical industries. The EPA also said it will reconsider safety standards for workers at chemical plants and has proposed to loosen safety screenings for reevaluations of potentially toxic chemicals.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>它还表示计划重新考虑对能源、制造和化工行业的有害空气污染的限制。环保署还表示将重新考虑化工厂工人的安全标准，并提议放宽对潜在有毒化学品的安全筛查。</p>
</div><p>Earlier this year, President Trump also exempted more than 100 polluters from Biden-era pollution limits aimed at reining in releases of toxic chemicals.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>今年早些时候，特朗普总统还将超过 100 家污染企业从拜登时代旨在限制有毒化学物质排放的污染限制中豁免。</p>
</div><p>Some of the administration’s chemical-related moves have been met with pushback not only from Democrats but also from its allies in the Make America Healthy Again movement.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>该政府在化学相关政策上的一些举措不仅遭到了民主党的反对，也遭到了 “让美国再次健康” 运动中盟友的抵制。</p>
</div><h3>Embracing AI</h3>
<div class="lb-trans"><h3>拥抱人工智能</h3>
</div><p>The Trump administration has embraced the build out of artificial intelligence (AI) data centers, moves that are expected to have significant environmental and climate impacts.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>特朗普政府拥抱人工智能（AI）数据中心的建设，这些举措预计将对环境和气候产生重大影响。</p>
</div><p>The administration has sought to expedite permitting for data centers, including by creating a “categorical exclusion” curtailing environmental reviews of these projects.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>政府寻求加快数据中心的许可，包括通过创建 “类别排除” 来缩减这些项目的环境评审。</p>
</div><p>The EPA has said that it would try to expedite approvals of new chemicals expected to be used for data centers. Meanwhile, the Energy Department has pushed to try to get data centers connected to the power grid more quickly.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>环保署表示将努力加快新化学品的批准，这些化学品预计将用于数据中心。同时，能源部也在推动尽快将数据中心连接到电网。</p>
</div><h3>Dismantling the federal workforce</h3>
<div class="lb-trans"><h3>解散联邦劳动力</h3>
</div><p>The administration has sought to cut down the federal workforce, including at environmental agencies.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>政府寻求削减联邦劳动力，包括在环保机构的人员。</p>
</div><p>Earlier this year, it offered rounds of buyouts to federal workers, resulting in the departure of tens of thousands of workers across the government.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>今年早些时候，政府向联邦工作人员提供了多轮买断，导致数万名工作人员离开政府。</p>
</div><p>Various agencies and departments, including Interior and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), also conducted mass layoffs of probationary workers at the start of the year.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>包括内政部和国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）在内的各个机构和部门也在年初进行了大规模的试用期员工裁员。</p>
</div><p>The layoffs at NOAA and its National Weather Service in particular prompted pushback, and the Trump administration later attempted to shuffle employees and hire meteorologists to fill vacancies.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>特别是在 NOAA 及其国家气象局的裁员引发了反对，特朗普政府后来试图调整员工并招聘气象学家来填补空缺。</p>
</div><p>Some agencies saw targeted rounds of firings, with the EPA eliminating its Office of Research and Development and cutting staffers who worked on environmental justice, that is, targeting pollution in overburdened and underserved communities.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>一些机构进行了有针对性的裁员，环保署解散了其研究与发展办公室，并裁减了在环境正义方面工作的员工，即针对过度负担和服务不足社区的污染问题。</p>
</div><p>Meanwhile, the Department of Health and Human Services fired all the staffers working on the Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>与此同时，卫生与公共服务部解雇了所有在低收入家庭能源援助计划中工作的员工。</p>
</div><p>At agencies like the EPA, the workforce dwindled over the course of the year, with 15,166 employees on staff — down from more than 17,000 at beginning of 2025 —according to agency contingency plans from late September.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>根据 9 月底的机构应急计划，像环保署这样的机构在一年中员工数量减少，员工人数从 2025 年初的超过 17,000 人降至 15,166 人。</p>
</div><p>The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has also been in the Trump administration’s crosshairs, with Trump and Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem floating eliminating the agency.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>联邦应急管理局（FEMA）也成为特朗普政府的目标，特朗普和国土安全部长克里斯蒂·诺埃姆曾提出要消除该机构。</p>
</div><p>While they have since moved their rhetoric toward reforming the agency, Trump and Noem have not yet revealed what the reform plans are. CNN reported that it plans to cut the emergency management agency’s workforce in half.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>虽然他们后来将言辞转向改革该机构，但特朗普和诺埃姆尚未透露改革计划。CNN 报道称，计划将应急管理局的员工人数削减一半。</p>
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特朗普今年是如何改变能源和环境政策的