<p><img src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://s.yimg.com/ny/api/res/1.2/saWG5lDjwcnf5EayJBNB9g--/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjt3PTEyNDI7aD02OTk-/https://media.zenfs.com/en/cnn_articles_875/9aa763cfd712c83f359d4dc1a38e1a3e?x-oss-process=image/auto-orient,1/interlace,1/resize,w_1440,h_1440/quality,q_95/format,jpg" alt="" original-src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://s.yimg.com/ny/api/res/1.2/saWG5lDjwcnf5EayJBNB9g--/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjt3PTEyNDI7aD02OTk-/https://media.zenfs.com/en/cnn_articles_875/9aa763cfd712c83f359d4dc1a38e1a3e"/></p>
<p>首席大法官约翰·罗伯茨于 2025 年 5 月 12 日。（美联社照片/曼努埃尔·巴尔斯·塞内塔，档案）- 曼努埃尔·巴尔斯·塞内塔/美联社</p>
<p>首席大法官约翰·罗伯茨在周三发布的年度报告中强调了联邦司法的独立性，称其为 “反对多数派的制衡”，并敦促因党派政治而感到不安的美国人要对宪法保持信心，该报告避免了对现代争议的直接讨论。</p>
<p>罗伯茨在谈到国家即将迎来 250 周年时，聚焦于《独立宣言》，他说创始人们对王冠控制殖民法院感到不满，并 “纠正了这一缺陷”，建立了一个不受其他部门干扰的司法体系。</p>
<p>“这一安排，自 236 年前建立以来，一直为国家服务良好，” 罗伯茨在报告中写道，该报告在新年开始前几个小时由最高法院发布。</p>
<p>罗伯茨的历史性声明没有提及唐纳德·特朗普总统，也没有提及自他第二次就职典礼以来联邦法院与白宫之间出现的激烈冲突。</p>
<p>特朗普质疑暂停其政策的法院的合法性，并呼吁弹劾那些对他作出不利裁决的法官。</p>
<p>许多此类案件最终进入最高法院的紧急或 “影子” 日程，特朗普在其中常常能在法院六位保守派法官的多数中找到更为乐于接受的听众。这些决定中的许多推翻了下级法院的裁决，几乎没有解释，引发了一些下级法院法官的尖锐和不寻常的批评，以及几位法官之间在夏季的公开辩论。</p>
<p>最近几个月，法院允许特朗普政府取消外国援助和公共卫生资金；临时解雇许多独立机构的领导；根据人们的明显种族、语言或在特定地点的存在，停止并审问他们的移民身份；并要求美国护照上的性别标识与持有者的生物性别一致。上周，法院阻止特朗普在芝加哥部署国民警卫队。</p>
<p>总的来说，最高法院今年在司法部提出的紧急上诉中支持特朗普的比例超过 80%。</p>
<p>在其常规日程中，法院在 6 月为总统赢得了一项重要胜利，限制了联邦法院临时阻止其政策的权力。</p>
<p>在 2026 年，法官们预计将决定特朗普是否可以通过行政命令结束出生公民权，单方面实施广泛的全球关税，并基于有争议的抵押贷款欺诈指控解雇联邦储备委员会的一位州长。</p>
<h3>关于法官的弹劾</h3>
<p>罗伯茨长期以来倾向于在报告中避免敏感话题，例如没有提及围绕最高法院多年存在的伦理争议。去年，在特朗普就职前夕，他批评忽视联邦法院裁决的威胁为 “危险”。</p>
<p>即便按照这些标准，周三的报告似乎显得特别谨慎。</p>
<p>罗伯茨长期以来明确支持独立的司法体系。尽管他的表述可能微妙且不带政治色彩，但毫无疑问，首席大法官在这一问题上反映了当前事件。</p>
<p>在某个时刻，罗伯茨提到 1804 年对塞缪尔·蔡斯的弹劾——这是唯一一位曾被弹劾的最高法院法官。</p>
<p>尽管罗伯茨将蔡斯描述为 “有争议且易怒”，但他的弹劾也与托马斯·杰斐逊总统的民主共和党人试图削弱联邦党对司法的控制的党派权力争夺有关。</p>
<p>罗伯茨在报告中指出，蔡斯最终被宣告无罪，“尽管参议院中民主共和党人占据超多数席位，但许多参议员认为对法官裁决的不满并不能作为将其免职的有效依据。”</p>
<p>罗伯茨引用了他前任首席大法官威廉·伦奎斯特所著的一本书，表示蔡斯弹劾的结果 “确保了联邦法官在其所审理案件的裁决中不受国会监督的独立性。”</p>
<p>在特朗普关于弹劾联邦法官的言论达到顶峰的三月，罗伯茨发表了一份罕见的公开声明，强调 “弹劾并不是对司法裁决分歧的适当回应。”</p>
<p>在周三的结束语中，罗伯茨引用了卡尔文·柯立芝总统在一个世纪前谈及国家 150 周年时所说的话。在 “冲突利益的碰撞” 和 “党派政治的混乱” 中，柯立芝表示，美国人可以在《独立宣言》和宪法中找到 “安慰和慰藉”，并相信他们对自由和正义的呼声将保持坚定。</p>
<p>“当时如此，” 罗伯茨说。“现在也是如此。”</p>
<p>欲获取更多 CNN 新闻和通讯，请在 CNN.com 创建账户。</p>

<p>首席大法官约翰·罗伯茨在他的年度报告中强调了司法独立的重要性，称其为在日益加剧的党派紧张局势中一种 “反对多数的制衡”。他呼吁美国人信任宪法，并回顾了历史上对司法权威的挑战。虽然避免直接提及当代争议，罗伯茨强调了司法在维护制衡中的作用，引用了对塞缪尔·蔡斯大法官弹劾的历史教训，说明司法独立的重要性。他最后重申了库立治总统在政治动荡中从基础文件中寻找安慰的观点</p>

<p><img src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://s.yimg.com/ny/api/res/1.2/saWG5lDjwcnf5EayJBNB9g--/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjt3PTEyNDI7aD02OTk-/https://media.zenfs.com/en/cnn_articles_875/9aa763cfd712c83f359d4dc1a38e1a3e" alt="" original-src="https://s.yimg.com/ny/api/res/1.2/saWG5lDjwcnf5EayJBNB9g--/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjt3PTEyNDI7aD02OTk-/https://media.zenfs.com/en/cnn_articles_875/9aa763cfd712c83f359d4dc1a38e1a3e"/></p>
<p>Chief Justice John Roberts on May 12, 2025. (AP Photo/Manuel Balce Ceneta, File) - Manuel Balce Ceneta/AP</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>首席大法官约翰·罗伯茨于 2025 年 5 月 12 日。（美联社照片/曼努埃尔·巴尔斯·塞内塔，档案）- 曼努埃尔·巴尔斯·塞内塔/美联社</p>
</div><p>Chief Justice John Roberts touted the independence of the federal judiciary as a “counter-majoritarian check” and urged Americans rattled by partisan politics to keep faith with the Constitution in an annual report Wednesday that steered clear of direct discussion of modern controversies.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>首席大法官约翰·罗伯茨在周三发布的年度报告中强调了联邦司法的独立性，称其为 “反对多数派的制衡”，并敦促因党派政治而感到不安的美国人要对宪法保持信心，该报告避免了对现代争议的直接讨论。</p>
</div><p>Focusing on the Declaration of Independence as the nation turns to its 250th anniversary, Roberts said the founders chafed at the crown’s control of colonial courts and “corrected this flaw” by setting up a judiciary that would operate without interference from the other branches.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>罗伯茨在谈到国家即将迎来 250 周年时，聚焦于《独立宣言》，他说创始人们对王冠控制殖民法院感到不满，并 “纠正了这一缺陷”，建立了一个不受其他部门干扰的司法体系。</p>
</div><p>“This arrangement, now in place for 236 years, has served the country well,” Roberts wrote in the report, which was released by the Supreme Court hours before the start of the new year.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>“这一安排，自 236 年前建立以来，一直为国家服务良好，” 罗伯茨在报告中写道，该报告在新年开始前几个小时由最高法院发布。</p>
</div><p>Roberts’ history-heavy statement made no mention of President Donald Trump, nor the intense conflict that has cropped up between federal courts and the White House since his second inauguration nearly a year ago.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>罗伯茨的历史性声明没有提及唐纳德·特朗普总统，也没有提及自他第二次就职典礼以来联邦法院与白宫之间出现的激烈冲突。</p>
</div><p>Trump has questioned the legitimacy of courts that paused his policies and called for the impeachment of judges who ruled against him.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>特朗普质疑暂停其政策的法院的合法性，并呼吁弹劾那些对他作出不利裁决的法官。</p>
</div><p>Many of those cases have wound up on the Supreme Court’s emergency, or “shadow,” docket, where the president has often found a more receptive audience among the court’s six-justice conservative majority. Many of those decisions have overturned lower courts with little-to-no explanation, prompting sharp and unusual criticism from a few lower court judges and an open debate over the summer among a few of the justices themselves.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>许多此类案件最终进入最高法院的紧急或 “影子” 日程，特朗普在其中常常能在法院六位保守派法官的多数中找到更为乐于接受的听众。这些决定中的许多推翻了下级法院的裁决，几乎没有解释，引发了一些下级法院法官的尖锐和不寻常的批评，以及几位法官之间在夏季的公开辩论。</p>
</div><p>The court has allowed the Trump administration in recent months to cancel foreign aid and public health funding; temporarily fire the leadership of many independent agencies; stop and interrogate people about their immigration status based on their apparent ethnicity, language or presence at a particular location; and require the sex designation on US passports to align with the holder’s biological sex. Last week, the court blocked Trump from deploying the National Guard in Chicago.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>最近几个月，法院允许特朗普政府取消外国援助和公共卫生资金；临时解雇许多独立机构的领导；根据人们的明显种族、语言或在特定地点的存在，停止并审问他们的移民身份；并要求美国护照上的性别标识与持有者的生物性别一致。上周，法院阻止特朗普在芝加哥部署国民警卫队。</p>
</div><p>In all, the Supreme Court has sided with Trump this year in more than 80% of the emergency appeals filed by the Justice Department.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>总的来说，最高法院今年在司法部提出的紧急上诉中支持特朗普的比例超过 80%。</p>
</div><p>The court, on its regular docket, handed the president an important win in June by limiting the power of federal courts to temporarily block his policies.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>在其常规日程中，法院在 6 月为总统赢得了一项重要胜利，限制了联邦法院临时阻止其政策的权力。</p>
</div><p>In 2026, the justices are expected to decide whether Trump may end birthright citizenship through executive order, unilaterally impose sweeping global tariffs and dismiss a governor from the Federal Reserve based on disputed allegations of mortgage fraud.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>在 2026 年，法官们预计将决定特朗普是否可以通过行政命令结束出生公民权，单方面实施广泛的全球关税，并基于有争议的抵押贷款欺诈指控解雇联邦储备委员会的一位州长。</p>
</div><h3>On the impeachment of judges</h3>
<div class="lb-trans"><h3>关于法官的弹劾</h3>
</div><p>Roberts has long tended to avoid sensitive topics in his report, making no mention of ethics controversies that swirled around the Supreme Court for years, for instance. Last year, on the eve of Trump’s inauguration, he lambasted threats to ignore federal court rulings as “dangerous.”</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>罗伯茨长期以来倾向于在报告中避免敏感话题，例如没有提及围绕最高法院多年存在的伦理争议。去年，在特朗普就职前夕，他批评忽视联邦法院裁决的威胁为 “危险”。</p>
</div><p>Even by those standards, Wednesday’s report seemed especially cautious.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>即便按照这些标准，周三的报告似乎显得特别谨慎。</p>
</div><p>Roberts has long made his advocacy for an independent judiciary clear. And while his message may be subtle and apolitical, there was little question that the chief justice — at least on that issue — was reflecting on current events.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>罗伯茨长期以来明确支持独立的司法体系。尽管他的表述可能微妙且不带政治色彩，但毫无疑问，首席大法官在这一问题上反映了当前事件。</p>
</div><p>At one point, Roberts writes about the 1804 impeachment of Samuel Chase — the only Supreme Court justice to ever be impeached.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>在某个时刻，罗伯茨提到 1804 年对塞缪尔·蔡斯的弹劾——这是唯一一位曾被弹劾的最高法院法官。</p>
</div><p>Though Roberts describes Chase as “controversial and irascible,” it is also the case that his impeachment was wrapped up in a partisan power grab by President Thomas Jefferson’s Democratic-Republicans, who wanted to weaken the Federalist grip on the judiciary.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>尽管罗伯茨将蔡斯描述为 “有争议且易怒”，但他的弹劾也与托马斯·杰斐逊总统的民主共和党人试图削弱联邦党对司法的控制的党派权力争夺有关。</p>
</div><p>Chase was ultimately acquitted, Roberts noted in the report, “despite a supermajority of Democratic-Republicans in the Senate, because many senators concluded that disapproval of a judge’s decisions provided an invalid basis for removal from office.”</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>罗伯茨在报告中指出，蔡斯最终被宣告无罪，“尽管参议院中民主共和党人占据超多数席位，但许多参议员认为对法官裁决的不满并不能作为将其免职的有效依据。”</p>
</div><p>Quoting from a book written by his predecessor, Chief Justice William Rehnquist, Roberts said that the outcome of Chase’s impeachment “assured the independence of federal judges from congressional oversight of the decisions they made in the cases that came before them.”</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>罗伯茨引用了他前任首席大法官威廉·伦奎斯特所著的一本书，表示蔡斯弹劾的结果 “确保了联邦法官在其所审理案件的裁决中不受国会监督的独立性。”</p>
</div><p>Roberts in March — at a moment when Trump’s rhetoric on impeaching federal judges had reached a zenith — issued a rare public statement stressing that “impeachment is not an appropriate response to disagreement concerning a judicial decision.”</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>在特朗普关于弹劾联邦法官的言论达到顶峰的三月，罗伯茨发表了一份罕见的公开声明，强调 “弹劾并不是对司法裁决分歧的适当回应。”</p>
</div><p>In his closing words Wednesday, Roberts quoted President Calvin Coolidge as he spoke on the nation’s sesquicentennial a century ago. Amid the “clash of conflicting interests” and the “welter of partisan politics,” Coolidge said, Americans could find “solace and consolation” in the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution and confidence that their calls to freedom and justice would remain steady.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>在周三的结束语中，罗伯茨引用了卡尔文·柯立芝总统在一个世纪前谈及国家 150 周年时所说的话。在 “冲突利益的碰撞” 和 “党派政治的混乱” 中，柯立芝表示，美国人可以在《独立宣言》和宪法中找到 “安慰和慰藉”，并相信他们对自由和正义的呼声将保持坚定。</p>
</div><p>“True then,” Roberts said. “True now.”</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>“当时如此，” 罗伯茨说。“现在也是如此。”</p>
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首席大法官约翰·罗伯茨在一份充满历史背景的报告中推动司法独立