<p>特朗普司法部针对政治对手，打破传统界限</p>
<p>特朗普否认参与对鲍威尔的调查，但助手称其传达了他的意愿</p>
<p>专家称，特朗普的司法部行动与水门事件后的规范形成对比</p>
<p>作者：安德鲁·古德斯沃德，贾娜·温特，布拉德·希斯</p>
<p>华盛顿，1 月 14 日（路透社）——在唐纳德·特朗普总统任内，美国司法部多次针对他认为的敌人，例如美联储主席杰罗姆·鲍威尔，这种做法侵蚀了政治与执法之间长期以来的界限。在针对鲍威尔之前，特朗普的政府对两名负责调查他的官员进行了起诉，并对九名民主党立法者、两名从他第一任期转变为批评者的官员、一家主要民主党筹款组织、一位亿万富翁自由派捐赠者、一位特朗普试图解雇的美联储理事以及一位批评特朗普的前中央情报局局长进行了调查。</p>
<p>对前联邦调查局局长詹姆斯·科米和纽约州检察长莱蒂西亚·詹姆斯的刑事案件是在特朗普公开呼吁司法部对他们采取行动后几天内提起的。</p>
<p>尽管特朗普在三月自称是国家的 “首席执法官”，但他是否下令进行特定调查，或者官员们是否只是顺应他的意愿，这一点并不总是明确。特朗普告诉 NBC 新闻，他并未参与对鲍威尔的调查决定，鲍威尔因行动缓慢降低利率而受到他多次批评。该调查的重点是鲍威尔向国会关于美联储建筑翻新项目的陈述。</p>
<p>没有法律禁止特朗普如此直接地介入执法。但几十年来，来自两党的官员一直试图阻止总统指挥谁应面临刑事调查，并公正地适用法律。</p>
<p>‘非常激进的变化’</p>
<p>“这与强调公平竞争和公正司法的做法和观点相比，是一种非常激进的变化，” 曾在共和党总统乔治·H·W·布什任内担任该部门第二把手的唐纳德·艾尔说。</p>
<p>两位熟悉政府努力的人士在不愿透露姓名的情况下告诉路透社，特朗普的副幕僚长斯蒂芬·米勒已向司法部高级官员传达了总统对可能调查的意愿。</p>
<p>一位司法部官员在不愿透露姓名的情况下表示，米勒传达此类请求的说法 “完全错误”。司法部对此报道未作评论。</p>
<p>一位白宫官员在匿名的情况下否认米勒的参与，并表示特朗普正在 “恢复我们司法系统的诚信，并追究罪犯的责任。”</p>
<p>特朗普的做法对一个几十年来声称不让政治或怨恨影响其调查或起诉决定的机构来说是一个重大转变。这种努力在法庭上至少没有取得太大成功。一位联邦法官驳回了对科米和詹姆斯的案件，这两人都监督了对特朗普的调查。两次大陪审团在检察官要求时拒绝重新起诉詹姆斯。而另一位联邦法官阻止了另一位特朗普任命的官员领导对詹姆斯的第二次调查。</p>
<p>特朗普的做法甚至与他第一任期的做法有所不同，当时该部门最高调的调查集中在特朗普及其竞选团队与俄罗斯合作影响 2016 年选举的指控上。该调查导致对特朗普几位高级助手的指控，但并未发现与俄罗斯的协调。</p>
<p>在特朗普的第一任期内，他偶尔会向高级官员建议对一些批评者进行调查，一位熟悉这些对话的人士表示。“这总是一个建议，而不是命令，我们没有这样做，” 该人士说。</p>
<p>‘他们的做法不同’</p>
<p>特朗普几乎毫不掩饰他推动政府对其他对手提起政治性案件的程度。</p>
<p>去年，弗吉尼亚州的联邦检察官在特朗普在社交媒体上提到他们并抱怨 “没有人采取行动” 起诉他们后，对科米和詹姆斯提起了指控。在此之前，特朗普签署了行政命令，明确指示对两名在他第一任期内转变为批评者的官员以及他标记为国内恐怖分子的左翼团体进行联邦调查。</p>
<p>这种程度的政治指示自 1970 年代水门事件导致理查德·尼克松总统下台以来就不常见。</p>
<p>“我认为他们的做法不同这一点几乎没有人会否认，” 曾在共和党总统乔治·W·布什和民主党总统巴拉克·奥巴马任内担任美国检察官的格雷格·布劳尔说。“在某些情况下，司法部似乎在根据白宫的指示进行调查和起诉。”</p>
<p>即使白宫在法律上可以参与刑事调查，法律也不允许出于不当目的（如个人怨恨）进行起诉，法律专家表示。</p>
<p>“总统受到与其他人相同的宪法保护，” 曾在乔治·W·布什总统任内担任代理检察长的彼得·凯斯勒说。</p>
<p>在最近的美国历史上，联邦执法有时与政治交织在一起，尤其是在 2016 年，当时联邦调查局调查了两位主要总统候选人，并在投票前几天宣布重新启动对民主党人希拉里·克林顿的调查。</p>
<p>但在忠诚者和前私人律师掌控司法部的情况下，特朗普成功地对他的对手进行了调查。</p>
<p>在 11 月，面对与被定罪的性犯罪者杰弗里·爱泼斯坦的过去关系所带来的压力，特朗普呼吁对与他有联系的民主党人进行调查。几个小时内，邦迪宣布曼哈顿美国检察官办公室的负责人将满足这一请求。（编辑：罗德·尼克尔）</p>

<p>在特朗普总统任内，美国司法部针对政治对手，包括美联储主席杰罗姆·鲍威尔，削弱了政治与执法之间的传统界限。特朗普政府对批评者和政治对手进行了调查，这引发了对司法政治化的担忧。尽管特朗普声称他并未下令对鲍威尔进行调查，但他政府的行为反映出与水门事件后建立的规范有显著背离。法律专家警告称，尽管总统参与调查并不被禁止，但起诉必须不受个人动机驱动</p>

<p>Trump DOJ targets political adversaries, breaking traditional barriers</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>特朗普司法部针对政治对手，打破传统界限</p>
</div><p>Trump denies involvement in Powell investigation, but aides said to relay his wishes</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>特朗普否认参与对鲍威尔的调查，但助手称其传达了他的意愿</p>
</div><p>Trump’s DOJ actions contrast with post-Watergate norms, experts say</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>专家称，特朗普的司法部行动与水门事件后的规范形成对比</p>
</div><p>By Andrew Goudsward, Jana Winter and Brad Heath</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>作者：安德鲁·古德斯沃德，贾娜·温特，布拉德·希斯</p>
</div><p>WASHINGTON, Jan 14 (Reuters) - The U.S. Justice Department under President Donald Trump has repeatedly targeted his perceived enemies, such as Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell, in ways that have eroded longstanding barriers between politics and policing. Before it targeted Powell, who announced this week he was under criminal investigation, Trump’s administration presided over prosecutions of two officials who led investigations into him, and has pursued probes of nine Democratic lawmakers, two officials-turned-critics from his first administration, a top Democratic fundraising group, a billionaire liberal donor, a Fed governor Trump is seeking to fire and a former CIA director who criticized Trump.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>华盛顿，1 月 14 日（路透社）——在唐纳德·特朗普总统任内，美国司法部多次针对他认为的敌人，例如美联储主席杰罗姆·鲍威尔，这种做法侵蚀了政治与执法之间长期以来的界限。在针对鲍威尔之前，特朗普的政府对两名负责调查他的官员进行了起诉，并对九名民主党立法者、两名从他第一任期转变为批评者的官员、一家主要民主党筹款组织、一位亿万富翁自由派捐赠者、一位特朗普试图解雇的美联储理事以及一位批评特朗普的前中央情报局局长进行了调查。</p>
</div><p>Criminal cases against former FBI Director James Comey and New York Attorney General Letitia James were brought days after Trump publicly called for the DOJ to act against them.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>对前联邦调查局局长詹姆斯·科米和纽约州检察长莱蒂西亚·詹姆斯的刑事案件是在特朗普公开呼吁司法部对他们采取行动后几天内提起的。</p>
</div><p>Though Trump in March called himself the nation’s “top law enforcement officer,” it has not always been clear whether he ordered particular investigations or if officials simply acceded to his wishes. Trump told NBC News he was not involved in the decision to investigate Powell, who he had criticized repeatedly for moving too slowly to lower interest rates. The probe centers on Powell’s statements to Congress about the Fed’s building renovation project.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>尽管特朗普在三月自称是国家的 “首席执法官”，但他是否下令进行特定调查，或者官员们是否只是顺应他的意愿，这一点并不总是明确。特朗普告诉 NBC 新闻，他并未参与对鲍威尔的调查决定，鲍威尔因行动缓慢降低利率而受到他多次批评。该调查的重点是鲍威尔向国会关于美联储建筑翻新项目的陈述。</p>
</div><p>No law prohibits Trump from involving himself in law enforcement so directly. But for decades, officials from both parties have sought to keep presidents from directing who should face criminal investigations and to apply the law evenhandedly.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>没有法律禁止特朗普如此直接地介入执法。但几十年来，来自两党的官员一直试图阻止总统指挥谁应面临刑事调查，并公正地适用法律。</p>
</div><p>‘VERY RADICAL CHANGE’</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>‘非常激进的变化’</p>
</div><p>“It’s a very radical change from the approach and outlook that emphasized above all else fair play and evenhanded administration of justice,” said Donald Ayer, who was the department’s second-in-command under Republican President George H.W. Bush.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>“这与强调公平竞争和公正司法的做法和观点相比，是一种非常激进的变化，” 曾在共和党总统乔治·H·W·布什任内担任该部门第二把手的唐纳德·艾尔说。</p>
</div><p>Two people familiar with the administration’s efforts, speaking on the condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to discuss deliberations publicly, told Reuters that Stephen Miller, Trump’s deputy chief of staff, has conveyed to top Justice Department officials the president’s wishes on possible investigations.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>两位熟悉政府努力的人士在不愿透露姓名的情况下告诉路透社，特朗普的副幕僚长斯蒂芬·米勒已向司法部高级官员传达了总统对可能调查的意愿。</p>
</div><p>A department official, also speaking on the condition of anonymity, said it was “completely false” that Miller had communicated such requests. The Justice Department did not provide comment for this story.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>一位司法部官员在不愿透露姓名的情况下表示，米勒传达此类请求的说法 “完全错误”。司法部对此报道未作评论。</p>
</div><p>A White House official, also speaking anonymously, disputed Miller’s involvement, and said Trump was “restoring integrity to our justice system and holding criminals accountable.”</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>一位白宫官员在匿名的情况下否认米勒的参与，并表示特朗普正在 “恢复我们司法系统的诚信，并追究罪犯的责任。”</p>
</div><p>Trump’s approach is a significant departure for an institution that has, for decades, professed not to let politics or grievances steer its decisions about who to investigate or prosecute. Such efforts have met with little success, at least in court. One federal judge threw out cases against Comey and James, both of whom supervised investigations of Trump. Two grand juries refused to re-indict James when prosecutors asked them to. And a different federal judge blocked another Trump appointee from leading a second probe of James.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>特朗普的做法对一个几十年来声称不让政治或怨恨影响其调查或起诉决定的机构来说是一个重大转变。这种努力在法庭上至少没有取得太大成功。一位联邦法官驳回了对科米和詹姆斯的案件，这两人都监督了对特朗普的调查。两次大陪审团在检察官要求时拒绝重新起诉詹姆斯。而另一位联邦法官阻止了另一位特朗普任命的官员领导对詹姆斯的第二次调查。</p>
</div><p>Trump’s approach is a departure even from his first term, when the department’s highest-profile investigation centered on Trump and allegations that his campaign conspired with Russian efforts to sway the 2016 election in his favor. The probe led to charges against several of Trump’s top aides, but did not find coordination with Russia.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>特朗普的做法甚至与他第一任期的做法有所不同，当时该部门最高调的调查集中在特朗普及其竞选团队与俄罗斯合作影响 2016 年选举的指控上。该调查导致对特朗普几位高级助手的指控，但并未发现与俄罗斯的协调。</p>
</div><p>During Trump’s first presidency, he would occasionally suggest to top officials that they pursue investigations of some of his critics, said a person familiar with those conversations. “It was always a suggestion, not an order, and we didn’t do it,” the person said.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>在特朗普的第一任期内，他偶尔会向高级官员建议对一些批评者进行调查，一位熟悉这些对话的人士表示。“这总是一个建议，而不是命令，我们没有这样做，” 该人士说。</p>
</div><p>‘THEY’RE DOING THINGS DIFFERENTLY ‘</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>‘他们的做法不同’</p>
</div><p>Trump has left little doubt about the extent to which he has pushed the government to bring politically charged cases against other adversaries.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>特朗普几乎毫不掩饰他推动政府对其他对手提起政治性案件的程度。</p>
</div><p>Last year, federal prosecutors in Virginia obtained indictments of Comey and James after Trump named them in a social media post addressed to U.S. Attorney General Pam Bondi and complained that “nothing was being done” to charge them. Before that, Trump signed executive orders explicitly directing federal investigations of two officials who turned into critics in his first term, and of left-wing groups he labeled as domestic terrorists.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>去年，弗吉尼亚州的联邦检察官在特朗普在社交媒体上提到他们并抱怨 “没有人采取行动” 起诉他们后，对科米和詹姆斯提起了指控。在此之前，特朗普签署了行政命令，明确指示对两名在他第一任期内转变为批评者的官员以及他标记为国内恐怖分子的左翼团体进行联邦调查。</p>
</div><p>That level of political direction has been uncommon since the Watergate scandal that felled President Richard Nixon in the 1970s.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>这种程度的政治指示自 1970 年代水门事件导致理查德·尼克松总统下台以来就不常见。</p>
</div><p>“I don’t think there’s much denying that they’re doing things differently,” said Greg Brower, a former U.S. Attorney for Nevada under Republican President George W. Bush and Democratic President Barack Obama. “The DOJ seems to be taking its investigative and prosecutorial leads from the White House in certain cases.”</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>“我认为他们的做法不同这一点几乎没有人会否认，” 曾在共和党总统乔治·W·布什和民主党总统巴拉克·奥巴马任内担任美国检察官的格雷格·布劳尔说。“在某些情况下，司法部似乎在根据白宫的指示进行调查和起诉。”</p>
</div><p>Even if the White House can legally be involved in criminal investigations, the law does not allow prosecutions for improper purposes, such as personal spite, according to legal experts.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>即使白宫在法律上可以参与刑事调查，法律也不允许出于不当目的（如个人怨恨）进行起诉，法律专家表示。</p>
</div><p>“The president is subject to the same constitutional protections that apply to everyone else,” said Peter Keisler, who served as acting attorney general under President George W. Bush.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>“总统受到与其他人相同的宪法保护，” 曾在乔治·W·布什总统任内担任代理检察长的彼得·凯斯勒说。</p>
</div><p>Federal law enforcement has at times become entangled in politics in recent U.S. history, notably in 2016 when the FBI investigated both major presidential candidates and announced it had reopened a probe into Democrat Hillary Clinton days before the vote.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>在最近的美国历史上，联邦执法有时与政治交织在一起，尤其是在 2016 年，当时联邦调查局调查了两位主要总统候选人，并在投票前几天宣布重新启动对民主党人希拉里·克林顿的调查。</p>
</div><p>But returning to office with loyalists and former personal lawyers at the DOJ’s helm, Trump has succeeded in getting investigations of his adversaries.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>但在忠诚者和前私人律师掌控司法部的情况下，特朗普成功地对他的对手进行了调查。</p>
</div><p>In November, facing pressure over his past relationship with convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein, Trump called for an investigation into Democrats with ties to him. Within hours, Bondi announced that the head of the Manhattan U.S. Attorney’s Office would fulfill the request. (Editing by Rod Nickel)</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>在 11 月，面对与被定罪的性犯罪者杰弗里·爱泼斯坦的过去关系所带来的压力，特朗普呼吁对与他有联系的民主党人进行调查。几个小时内，邦迪宣布曼哈顿美国检察官办公室的负责人将满足这一请求。（编辑：罗德·尼克尔）</p>
</div>

ANALYSIS-Powell probe highlights Trump DOJ role as White House enforcer

- 美国司法部在特朗普任内频繁针对政治对手，打破传统界限。  
- 特朗普否认参与对鲍威尔的调查，但助手称传达其意愿。  
- 专家指出，特朗普的做法与历史上遵循的公平执法原则相悖。

分析 - 鲍威尔的调查突显了特朗普时期司法部作为白宫执行者的角色