<p>欢迎回到 <strong>Critical Materials</strong>，您获取未来交通重大新闻的首选来源。今天的议程包括：全自动汽车工厂可能比您想象的更快到来，电动车电池回收加速，以及关于美国汽车贷款的一些令人担忧的数据。</p>
<h3>将 Critical Materials 发送到您的邮箱。</h3>
<p>每个工作日必读的汽车和科技简报。</p>
<h2>在这里注册。</h2>
<h2>25%：‘黑暗工厂’ 即将到来</h2>
<p><img src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://cdn.motor1.com/images/static/16x9-tr.png?x-oss-process=image/auto-orient,1/interlace,1/resize,w_1440,h_1440/quality,q_95/format,jpg" alt="特斯拉 Optimus 人形机器人行走" width="16" height="9" original-src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://cdn.motor1.com/images/static/16x9-tr.png"/></p>
<p>特斯拉希望其 Optimus 机器人能在工厂中提供帮助。</p>
<p>照片来源：特斯拉</p>
<p>越来越强大的机器人和人工智能可能会在本十年根本改变汽车的制造方式。专家告诉 Automotive News，到 2030 年，美国或中国将至少有一家汽车 “黑暗工厂”。</p>
<p>这是一种 100% 自动化的装配线，不需要人类参与。由于理论上没有人类参与，这样的工厂可以是 “黑暗” 的，并且全天候全速运转。</p>
<p>汽车制造商追逐这个科幻概念已经几十年了——而且他们并没有放慢脚步。</p>
<p>更多最新电动车新闻</p>
<p>

Rivian 刚刚迈出了向 R2 交付的重要一步</p>
<p>

福特混合动力车可能使用来自中国比亚迪的尖端电池：报告</p>
<p>例如，现代汽车刚刚宣布计划到 2028 年每年生产 30,000 个 Atlas 人形机器人，并将其投入工厂使用。特斯拉已经在加利福尼亚以有限规模制造 Optimus 机器人。埃隆·马斯克对此有明确的愿景；他希望建立一支机器人军队，帮助特斯拉工厂并承担其他琐碎的劳动。</p>
<p>我去过大约六个美国和印度的汽车工厂。从我观察到的情况来看，即使是今天最先进的装配线仍然严重依赖人力。安装电线束和仪表盘等工作需要工人以不自然的姿势工作。这些任务是人类灵巧性仍然优于机器的领域。</p>
<p>今天的工厂是围绕能够适应并在不可预测环境中执行复杂任务的人类双手设计的。机器人还没有达到这个水平。虽然未来可能会改变，但目前，仍然是人类在做很多脏活。</p>
<p>众所周知，特斯拉在 Model 3 生产的早期阶段过度自动化，最终不得不调整。“是的，特斯拉的过度自动化是一个错误，” 马斯克在 2018 年推特上写道。“人类被低估了，” 他补充道。</p>
<p>但那是将近十年前的事了。技术是否已经进步到人类被高估的地步？我们可能会在未来几年内找到答案。</p>
<h2>50%：科罗拉多州希望强制电动车电池回收</h2>
<p><img src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://cdn.motor1.com/images/static/16x9-tr.png?x-oss-process=image/auto-orient,1/interlace,1/resize,w_1440,h_1440/quality,q_95/format,jpg" alt="大众集团组件电池回收工厂在萨尔茨吉特" width="16" height="9" original-src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://cdn.motor1.com/images/static/16x9-tr.png"/></p>
<p>未来几年，数百万个电动车电池将达到其可用寿命的尽头。</p>
<p>科罗拉多州在美国的电动车普及率中名列前茅，现在该州希望在另一个领域成为领导者：电池回收。</p>
<p>该州立法机构的民主党立法者本周提出了一项法案，要求安全回收高压锂离子电池。如果该法案成为法律，电动车电池在车辆达到可用寿命结束时必须进行适当回收。</p>
<p>汽车制造商可以自行承担这一责任，或将合同外包给回收公司。该立法将于 2028 年 8 月 1 日生效。</p>
<p>以下是来自 科罗拉多公共广播 的更多信息：</p>
<p> 通过回收现有电池中的材料，汽车制造商可以避免进口关键矿物，创造本地就业机会，并将易燃的电动车电池排除在废品场之外。根据州参议员凯蒂·华莱士的说法，这也将使未来的电动车更加环保，她是该法案的共同发起人，代表朗蒙特的民主党人。

“科罗拉多州在电动车销售方面处于领先地位，这对气候变化是有利的，但这只有在能够负责任地处理这些电动车时才有意义，” 华莱士说。</p>
<p>预计未来几年将有数百万个电动车电池达到其使用寿命结束。如果没有明确的法规，这些电池可能会被丢弃在垃圾填埋场或废品场，而不是将其材料重新加工并重新投入供应链。因此，制定明确的回收标准的法规无疑是一个受欢迎的举措。</p>
<h2>75%：美国的负资产交易激增。</h2>
<p><img src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://cdn.motor1.com/images/static/16x9-tr.png?x-oss-process=image/auto-orient,1/interlace,1/resize,w_1440,h_1440/quality,q_95/format,jpg" alt="2025 福特 Mustang Mach-E" width="16" height="9" original-src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://cdn.motor1.com/images/static/16x9-tr.png"/></p>
<p>美国人在汽车贷款上的负资产情况比以往任何时候都要严重。</p>
<p>照片来源：Patrick George</p>
<p>在美国汽车市场，负担能力是一个巨大且日益严重的问题。而许多买家为购车所承担的大量债务并没有改善这一情况。</p>
<p>根据汽车网站 Edmunds 的数据，2025 年第四季度，近 30% 的新购置交易中存在负资产，这是多年来的最高比例。此外，这些负资产交易的平均欠款达到了 7214 美元，创下 Edmunds 有史以来的最高水平。</p>
<p>这意味着大量车主在交易新车时，所欠贷款远高于其车辆的价值。因此，如果您的丰田卡罗拉目前价值 2 万美元，但您欠款 2.7 万美元，那么您将有 7000 美元的负资产。</p>
<p>该公司将这些水下置换归因于多个因素。疫情期间的高价格使买家从一开始就被锁定在昂贵的贷款中。人们无法以与汽车贬值相同的速度偿还这些贷款。而当你进行置换时，未偿还的债务并不会自动消失，这意味着对于一些买家来说，这可能是一个非常难以逃脱的循环。</p>
<p>Edmunds 建议买家在决定购买新车之前考虑所有这些因素。在被诱惑去换购闪亮的新车之前，尽量减少债务，并考虑拥有一辆车的真实成本——不仅仅是每月的付款。</p>
<h2>100%：机器人会在十年内接管汽车工厂吗？</h2>
<p>这是否依然像往常一样幻想？还是由于机器人技术和人工智能的进步而变得现实？请在评论中告诉我们你的想法。</p>
<p><em>联系作者：Suvrat.Kothari@InsideEVs.com</em></p>
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<p>汽车行业正处于重大变革的边缘，预计到 2030 年将出现完全自动化的 “黑暗工厂”，这一趋势受到机器人技术和人工智能进步的推动。科罗拉多州也在采取措施，力求在电动汽车电池回收方面领先，计划到 2028 年强制实施锂离子电池的安全回收实践。与此同时，美国面临着日益严重的负资产汽车贷款问题，预计到 2025 年第四季度，近 30% 的以旧换新交易将出现负资产，这突显了市场上的可负担性挑战</p>

<p>Welcome back to <strong>Critical Materials</strong>, your go-to source for the biggest stories driving the future of transportation. On the docket today: Fully automated car factories may happen sooner than you think, EV battery recycling gets supercharged, and some troubling data is out on America's car loans.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>欢迎回到 <strong>Critical Materials</strong>，您获取未来交通重大新闻的首选来源。今天的议程包括：全自动汽车工厂可能比您想象的更快到来，电动车电池回收加速，以及关于美国汽车贷款的一些令人担忧的数据。</p>
</div><h3>Get Critical Materials in your inbox.</h3>
<div class="lb-trans"><h3>将 Critical Materials 发送到您的邮箱。</h3>
</div><p>The must-read auto and tech briefing, every weekday.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>每个工作日必读的汽车和科技简报。</p>
</div><h2>Sign up here.</h2>
<div class="lb-trans"><h2>在这里注册。</h2>
</div><h2>25%:‘Dark Factories’ Are Coming</h2>
<div class="lb-trans"><h2>25%：‘黑暗工厂’ 即将到来</h2>
</div><p><img src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://cdn.motor1.com/images/static/16x9-tr.png" alt="Tesla Optimus humanoid robots walking" original-src="https://cdn.motor1.com/images/static/16x9-tr.png"/></p>
<p>Tesla wants its Optimus robots to help out in its factories.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>特斯拉希望其 Optimus 机器人能在工厂中提供帮助。</p>
</div><p>Photo by: Tesla</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>照片来源：特斯拉</p>
</div><p>Increasingly capable robots and artificial intelligence could fundamentally change how cars are made this decade. By 2030, there will be at least one automotive “dark factory” in the U.S. or China, experts told Automotive News.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>越来越强大的机器人和人工智能可能会在本十年根本改变汽车的制造方式。专家告诉 Automotive News，到 2030 年，美国或中国将至少有一家汽车 “黑暗工厂”。</p>
</div><p>That’s a facility where 100% of the assembly line is automated and requires no human input. Since no people are theoretically involved, such a plant can be “dark” and operate at full steam, 24/7.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>这是一种 100% 自动化的装配线，不需要人类参与。由于理论上没有人类参与，这样的工厂可以是 “黑暗” 的，并且全天候全速运转。</p>
</div><p>Carmakers have been chasing this sci-fi concept for decades—and they aren’t slowing down.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>汽车制造商追逐这个科幻概念已经几十年了——而且他们并没有放慢脚步。</p>
</div><p>More Of The Latest EV News</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>更多最新电动车新闻</p>
</div><p>

Rivian Just Took A Crucial Step Toward R2 Deliveries This Year</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>

Rivian 刚刚迈出了向 R2 交付的重要一步</p>
</div><p>

Ford Hybrids May Use Cutting-Edge Batteries From China's BYD: Report</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>

福特混合动力车可能使用来自中国比亚迪的尖端电池：报告</p>
</div><p>Hyundai, for example, just announced plans to build 30,000 Atlas humanoid robots per year by 2028 and put them to work in its factories. Tesla is already making Optimus robots on a limited scale in California. Elon Musk has been clear about his vision here; he wants to build a robot army that can help out at Tesla factories and take on other menial labor.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>例如，现代汽车刚刚宣布计划到 2028 年每年生产 30,000 个 Atlas 人形机器人，并将其投入工厂使用。特斯拉已经在加利福尼亚以有限规模制造 Optimus 机器人。埃隆·马斯克对此有明确的愿景；他希望建立一支机器人军队，帮助特斯拉工厂并承担其他琐碎的劳动。</p>
</div><p>I’ve been to about half a dozen car factories in the U.S. and India. From what I’ve observed, even the most advanced assembly lines today still rely heavily on human labor. Installing things like wiring harnesses and dashboards requires workers to contort at awkward angles. These are the kinds of tasks where human dexterity still outperforms machines.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>我去过大约六个美国和印度的汽车工厂。从我观察到的情况来看，即使是今天最先进的装配线仍然严重依赖人力。安装电线束和仪表盘等工作需要工人以不自然的姿势工作。这些任务是人类灵巧性仍然优于机器的领域。</p>
</div><p>Today’s factories are designed around human hands that can adapt and perform complex tasks in unpredictable environments. Robots simply aren’t there yet. That may change over time, but for now, humans are still the ones doing a lot of the dirty work.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>今天的工厂是围绕能够适应并在不可预测环境中执行复杂任务的人类双手设计的。机器人还没有达到这个水平。虽然未来可能会改变，但目前，仍然是人类在做很多脏活。</p>
</div><p>Famously, Tesla overdid it on automation in the early days of Model 3 production and had to pivot. “Yes, excessive automation at Tesla was a mistake,” Musk tweeted in 2018. “Humans are underrated,” he added.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>众所周知，特斯拉在 Model 3 生产的早期阶段过度自动化，最终不得不调整。“是的，特斯拉的过度自动化是一个错误，” 马斯克在 2018 年推特上写道。“人类被低估了，” 他补充道。</p>
</div><p>But that was almost a decade ago. Has technology gotten so good that humans are now overrated? We may find out in the next few years.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>但那是将近十年前的事了。技术是否已经进步到人类被高估的地步？我们可能会在未来几年内找到答案。</p>
</div><h2>50%:Colorado Wants To Mandate EV Battery Recycling</h2>
<div class="lb-trans"><h2>50%：科罗拉多州希望强制电动车电池回收</h2>
</div><p><img src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://cdn.motor1.com/images/static/16x9-tr.png" alt="Volkswagen Group Components Battery Recycling Plant In Salzgitter" original-src="https://cdn.motor1.com/images/static/16x9-tr.png"/></p>
<p>Millions of EV batteries will reach the end of their usable life in the coming years.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>未来几年，数百万个电动车电池将达到其可用寿命的尽头。</p>
</div><p>Colorado has among the highest EV adoption rates in the U.S., and now the state wants to be a leader in another area: battery recycling.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>科罗拉多州在美国的电动车普及率中名列前茅，现在该州希望在另一个领域成为领导者：电池回收。</p>
</div><p>Democratic lawmakers in the state legislature introduced a bill this week that would mandate the safe recycling of high-voltage lithium-ion batteries. If it becomes law, EV batteries would have to be properly recycled once vehicles reach the end of their usable life.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>该州立法机构的民主党立法者本周提出了一项法案，要求安全回收高压锂离子电池。如果该法案成为法律，电动车电池在车辆达到可用寿命结束时必须进行适当回收。</p>
</div><p>Automakers could handle that responsibility themselves or hand out contracts to recycling companies. The legislation would take effect on August 1, 2028.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>汽车制造商可以自行承担这一责任，或将合同外包给回收公司。该立法将于 2028 年 8 月 1 日生效。</p>
</div><p>Here’s more from Colorado Public Radio:</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>以下是来自 科罗拉多公共广播 的更多信息：</p>
</div><blockquote>
<p>By recovering materials from existing batteries, carmakers could avoid importing critical minerals, create local jobs and keep fire-prone EV batteries out of scrapyards. It’d also make future EVs even more climate-friendly, according to State Sen. Katie Wallace, a bill co-sponsor and a Democrat representing Longmont.</p>
<p>“Colorado is leading in electric vehicle sales, which is great for climate change, but that only matters if they can be responsibly disposed of,” Wallace said.</p>
</blockquote>
<div class="lb-trans"><p> 通过回收现有电池中的材料，汽车制造商可以避免进口关键矿物，创造本地就业机会，并将易燃的电动车电池排除在废品场之外。根据州参议员凯蒂·华莱士的说法，这也将使未来的电动车更加环保，她是该法案的共同发起人，代表朗蒙特的民主党人。

“科罗拉多州在电动车销售方面处于领先地位，这对气候变化是有利的，但这只有在能够负责任地处理这些电动车时才有意义，” 华莱士说。</p>
</div><p>Millions of EV batteries are expected reach their end of life in the coming years. Without clear regulations, those batteries risk ending up in landfills or junkyards—instead of having their materials reprocessed and put back into the supply chain. So, regulation that sets clear recycling standards is certainly a welcome move.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>预计未来几年将有数百万个电动车电池达到其使用寿命结束。如果没有明确的法规，这些电池可能会被丢弃在垃圾填埋场或废品场，而不是将其材料重新加工并重新投入供应链。因此，制定明确的回收标准的法规无疑是一个受欢迎的举措。</p>
</div><h2>75%:Underwater Trade-Ins Are Soaring In The U.S.</h2>
<div class="lb-trans"><h2>75%：美国的负资产交易激增。</h2>
</div><p><img src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://cdn.motor1.com/images/static/16x9-tr.png" alt="2025 Ford Mustang Mach-E" original-src="https://cdn.motor1.com/images/static/16x9-tr.png"/></p>
<p>Americans are more underwater on their car loans than ever.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>美国人在汽车贷款上的负资产情况比以往任何时候都要严重。</p>
</div><p>Photo by: Patrick George</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>照片来源：Patrick George</p>
</div><p>Affordability is a huge and deepening issue in the U.S. car market. And the large amount of debt many buyers are taking out to buy cars isn’t helping matters.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>在美国汽车市场，负担能力是一个巨大且日益严重的问题。而许多买家为购车所承担的大量债务并没有改善这一情况。</p>
</div><p>Nearly 30% of trade-ins toward new purchases came with negative equity in Q4 2025, according to the automotive site Edmunds, the highest rate in years. Moreover, average amount owed on those underwater trade-ins hit $7,214, the highest level Edmunds has ever recorded.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>根据汽车网站 Edmunds 的数据，2025 年第四季度，近 30% 的新购置交易中存在负资产，这是多年来的最高比例。此外，这些负资产交易的平均欠款达到了 7214 美元，创下 Edmunds 有史以来的最高水平。</p>
</div><p>That means a large number of car owners now owe significantly more on their loan than what their vehicle is worth when they trade it in toward a new purchase. So, if your Toyota Corolla is worth $20,000 currently, but you owe $27,000 on it, then you’d have $7,000 of negative equity.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>这意味着大量车主在交易新车时，所欠贷款远高于其车辆的价值。因此，如果您的丰田卡罗拉目前价值 2 万美元，但您欠款 2.7 万美元，那么您将有 7000 美元的负资产。</p>
</div><p>The firm attributed these underwater trade-ins to a bunch of factors. High prices during the pandemic locked buyers into expensive loans from the start. People weren’t able to repay those loans at the same rate as their cars were depreciating. And when you to trade in, your outstanding debt doesn’t automatically vanish, which means this is cycle that could be very difficult to escape for some buyers.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>该公司将这些水下置换归因于多个因素。疫情期间的高价格使买家从一开始就被锁定在昂贵的贷款中。人们无法以与汽车贬值相同的速度偿还这些贷款。而当你进行置换时，未偿还的债务并不会自动消失，这意味着对于一些买家来说，这可能是一个非常难以逃脱的循环。</p>
</div><p>Edmunds advises buyers to take into account all these factors before pulling the trigger on a new car. Minimize debt and take into account the true cost of owning a car—not just monthly payments—before you’re tempted to trade up for the shiny new thing.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>Edmunds 建议买家在决定购买新车之前考虑所有这些因素。在被诱惑去换购闪亮的新车之前，尽量减少债务，并考虑拥有一辆车的真实成本——不仅仅是每月的付款。</p>
</div><h2>100%:Will Robots Take Over Car Factories By The End Of The Decade?</h2>
<div class="lb-trans"><h2>100%：机器人会在十年内接管汽车工厂吗？</h2>
</div><p>Is this just as fantastical as ever? Or is it realistic thanks to advancements in robotics and AI. Let us know what you think in the comments.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>这是否依然像往常一样幻想？还是由于机器人技术和人工智能的进步而变得现实？请在评论中告诉我们你的想法。</p>
</div><p><em>Contact the author: Suvrat.Kothari@InsideEVs.com</em></p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p><em>联系作者：Suvrat.Kothari@InsideEVs.com</em></p>
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“黑暗” 汽车工厂将比你想象的更快到来