<p>美国对格林兰的入侵可能暂时搁置，但特朗普政府在利用其声称获得的稀土元素和关键矿产方面将面临不小的挑战，这些元素和矿产是作为与北约达成协议的一部分。</p>
<p>特朗普在周三表示，他和北约已经达成了一个&#34;协议概念&#34;，以延长美国在该岛的安全足迹以及对其矿产的永久性权利，但没有提供任何额外的细节或具体信息。能源、化学、金属和采矿咨询公司伍德麦肯兹的分析师在特朗普宣布后于周四发布了一份报告，指出格林兰的稀土资产几乎不可能在商业规模上提取和加工。</p>
<p>&#34;格林兰拥有相当可观的、但相对未开发和未勘探的金属和矿产储备，&#34;伍德麦肯兹的分析师在报告中解释道。这个丹麦王国的自治领地被认为拥有世界第八大稀土储备，并有潜力生产欧盟定义的 34 种关键矿物中的 27 种，但尽管如此，它却没有一座正在运营的稀土矿。</p>
<p>格林兰可用的稀土矿物种类繁多。铈被认为是该岛的主要材料，广泛用于打火石、石油精炼过程和自清洁烤箱等各种用途。还有常见的镧，广泛应用于相机、望远镜、电池电极和氢存储系统等。岛上还有相当多的钕，广泛用于稀土磁铁、激光和电动机等。</p>
<p>铋、铽、铕等其他具有关键技术应用的元素也可以在格林兰找到，使其成为一个有吸引力的矿业前景——至少在纸面上是这样。</p>
<p>分析师补充道：&#34;供应链多样化以摆脱对中国的依赖成为 2025 年前的关键行业驱动因素，而格林兰有潜力成为未来重要的供应商。&#34;</p>
<p>其他人之前确实尝试过——根据报告（副本已提供给《注册》），多次尝试从格林兰提取稀土元素的工作已经进行了一些超过十年的时间，但几乎没有成果。</p>
<p>2007 年开始现场工作的一个矿山自 2021 年格林兰通过一项法律禁止提取含有过量核元素的非铀矿物以来，陷入了法律困境。该地点的浓度是法律规定限制的三倍。</p>
<p>岛上的另一个地点仅完成了勘探钻探，而第三个地点预计将在今年开设一个试点设施。</p>
<p>&#34;该国的其他项目同样处于早期阶段，&#34;分析师指出。</p>
<p>我们注意到，计划设立试点设施的后一个地点计划向美国出口稀土矿物，因为自 2019 年以来，格林兰与美国之间已达成谅解备忘录，以合作开发矿产领域。</p>
<p>没错——尽管特朗普在格林兰的行动中夸夸其谈并以确保矿权为部分理由，但美国和格林兰早在七年前就已经达成了协议。</p>
<h3>无论是否达成协议，提取仍将成本高昂</h3>
<p>在冰层和冻土下埋藏着如此多的关键稀土元素，显然有充分的理由解释为什么它们尚未被开发，而伍德麦肯兹的分析师指出，原因有几个。</p>
<p>首先，格林兰的孤立。</p>
<ul>
<li>特朗普承诺在 3 周内发放核数据中心许可证，称格林兰为'美丽的大冰块'。 - 被遗弃的美国陆军'冰下城市'在偶然的 NASA 发现中成像。 - 五角大楼收购美国唯一稀土矿的股份。 - 白宫表示中国将解除稀土出口禁令，停止对美国科技公司的调查。</li>
</ul>
<p>&#34;基础设施有限，这意味着任何希望开发的公司都必须自行建立运输和能源基础设施，&#34;专家解释道。&#34;当地人口较少，缺乏大型和成熟的矿业部门，意味着需要引进熟练劳动力。&#34;</p>
<p>此外，天气恶劣，日照时间有限，唯一全年开放的港口位于西南海岸。这使得空中旅行成为往返许多地点的唯一可行途径，而天气干扰往往会使这一途径失效。</p>
<p>然后是精炼，这意味着要将矿物运送到格林兰唯一的现代港口努克，以便运往国外进行精炼，或者在格林兰进行精炼，这需要大量的基础设施、试剂和劳动力进口。</p>
<p>&#34;无论哪种选择都面临着巨大的成本，&#34;分析师指出。伍德麦肯兹补充道，当地人对格林兰增加矿业活动持敌对态度，对潜在的环境和社会影响高度敏感。</p>
<p>总的来说，他们表示，格林兰的优势并不多，无法在其他拥有稀土矿床、基础设施更完善、劳动力可用且不需要过多投资的地方更容易复制。</p>
<p>&#34;我们预计这些将继续成为限制格林兰建立稀土矿业部门的主要因素，无论格林兰是否仍然是丹麦领土，成为美国领土，还是寻求独立，&#34;伍德麦肯兹的高级研究分析师大卫·赖利表示。</p>
<p>特朗普的计算是否会因此改变，我们还需拭目以待。考虑到他在与欧盟的成年人交谈后迅速放弃了对格林兰的侵略，这种情况可能会在某个专家设法引起他的注意时尽快发生。®</p>

金属采矿 ETF - SPDR

稀土战略金属指数 ETF - VanEck Vectors

德银基础金属 ETF - PowerShares

全球金属和采矿生产商 MSCI ETF - iShares

<p>特朗普宣布与北约达成 “交易概念”，以获取格林兰的稀土矿藏，但伍德麦肯兹的分析师警告称，开采将面临挑战。格林兰拥有丰富的矿藏储备，但缺乏运营中的矿山，之前的开采尝试遭遇了法律和后勤障碍。该地区的孤立、基础设施有限以及恶劣的天气条件使潜在的采矿作业更加复杂。尽管关键矿物的前景诱人，但开采的成本和难度依然相当可观</p>

<p>The US invasion of Greenland might be off the table for now, but the Trump administration won't have an easy time using the rare earth elements and critical minerals it claims it's getting access to as part of a deal with NATO.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>美国对格林兰的入侵可能暂时搁置，但特朗普政府在利用其声称获得的稀土元素和关键矿产方面将面临不小的挑战，这些元素和矿产是作为与北约达成协议的一部分。</p>
</div><p>Trump said on Wednesday that he and NATO had worked out the &#34;concept of a deal&#34; to extend the US' security footprint on the island and rights to its minerals in perpetuity, without offering any additional details or specifics. Analysts at energy, chemicals, metals, and mining consultancy Wood Mackenzie published a report on Thursday following Trump's announcement, noting that Greenland's rare earth assets would be nigh impossible to extract and process on a commercial scale.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>特朗普在周三表示，他和北约已经达成了一个&#34;协议概念&#34;，以延长美国在该岛的安全足迹以及对其矿产的永久性权利，但没有提供任何额外的细节或具体信息。能源、化学、金属和采矿咨询公司伍德麦肯兹的分析师在特朗普宣布后于周四发布了一份报告，指出格林兰的稀土资产几乎不可能在商业规模上提取和加工。</p>
</div><p>&#34;Greenland has significant, though relatively unexplored and undeveloped, reserves of metals and minerals,&#34; Wood Mackenzie analysts explained in the report. The autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark is believed to have the eighth-largest rare earth reserves in the world and the potential to produce 27 of the 34 minerals the EU defines as critical, but despite that it doesn't have a single operating rare earth mine.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>&#34;格林兰拥有相当可观的、但相对未开发和未勘探的金属和矿产储备，&#34;伍德麦肯兹的分析师在报告中解释道。这个丹麦王国的自治领地被认为拥有世界第八大稀土储备，并有潜力生产欧盟定义的 34 种关键矿物中的 27 种，但尽管如此，它却没有一座正在运营的稀土矿。</p>
</div><p>The rare earth minerals available in Greenland are numerous. Cerium is believed to be the dominant material on the island, and it's used in everything from lighter flints to the oil-refining process to self-cleaning ovens. Also common is Lanthanum, which is used in cameras, telescopes, battery electrodes, and hydrogen storage systems, to name a few applications. There's also quite a bit of Neodymium on the island, which is used in things like rare-earth magnets, lasers, and electric motors.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>格林兰可用的稀土矿物种类繁多。铈被认为是该岛的主要材料，广泛用于打火石、石油精炼过程和自清洁烤箱等各种用途。还有常见的镧，广泛应用于相机、望远镜、电池电极和氢存储系统等。岛上还有相当多的钕，广泛用于稀土磁铁、激光和电动机等。</p>
</div><p>Yttrium, Praseodymium, Europium, and others, all with critical tech applications, can each be found in Greenland, making it an attractive mining prospect – at least on paper.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>铋、铽、铕等其他具有关键技术应用的元素也可以在格林兰找到，使其成为一个有吸引力的矿业前景——至少在纸面上是这样。</p>
</div><p>&#34;Diversification of supply chains away from China became a key industry driver through 2025 and Greenland has the potential to become an important future supplier,&#34; the analysts added.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>分析师补充道：&#34;供应链多样化以摆脱对中国的依赖成为 2025 年前的关键行业驱动因素，而格林兰有潜力成为未来重要的供应商。&#34;</p>
</div><p>Others have certainly tried before – per the report, a copy of which was provided to <em>The Register</em>, multiple attempts to extract rare earths from Greenland have been underway, some for more than a decade, but with little to show for it.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>其他人之前确实尝试过——根据报告（副本已提供给《注册》），多次尝试从格林兰提取稀土元素的工作已经进行了一些超过十年的时间，但几乎没有成果。</p>
</div><p>One mine that site work began on in 2007 has been stuck in a legal quagmire since Greenland passed a law in 2021 that banned extraction of non-uranium minerals with excessive concentrations of the nuclear element. The site has levels three times the limit imposed by law.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>2007 年开始现场工作的一个矿山自 2021 年格林兰通过一项法律禁止提取含有过量核元素的非铀矿物以来，陷入了法律困境。该地点的浓度是法律规定限制的三倍。</p>
</div><p>Another site on the island has only completed exploratory drilling, and a third site is projected to open a pilot facility sometime this year.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>岛上的另一个地点仅完成了勘探钻探，而第三个地点预计将在今年开设一个试点设施。</p>
</div><p>&#34;Other projects in the country are similarly early-stage,&#34; the analysts noted.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>&#34;该国的其他项目同样处于早期阶段，&#34;分析师指出。</p>
</div><p>That latter site with the planned pilot facility, we note, is planning to export rare earth minerals to the United States, as Greenland and the US have had a memorandum of understanding to cooperate with American companies on mineral sector development since 2019.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>我们注意到，计划设立试点设施的后一个地点计划向美国出口稀土矿物，因为自 2019 年以来，格林兰与美国之间已达成谅解备忘录，以合作开发矿产领域。</p>
</div><p>That's right - for all of Trump's bluster and threats justifying his action on Greenland in part on the need to secure mineral rights, the US and Greenland worked things out about seven years ago.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>没错——尽管特朗普在格林兰的行动中夸夸其谈并以确保矿权为部分理由，但美国和格林兰早在七年前就已经达成了协议。</p>
</div><h3>Deal or no deal, extraction will still be costly</h3>
<div class="lb-trans"><h3>无论是否达成协议，提取仍将成本高昂</h3>
</div><p>With all those critical rare earths under its ice sheets and frozen tundra, it stands to reason there's a good explanation for why they haven't been exploited yet, and it turns out there are several, according to the Wood Mackenzie analysts.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>在冰层和冻土下埋藏着如此多的关键稀土元素，显然有充分的理由解释为什么它们尚未被开发，而伍德麦肯兹的分析师指出，原因有几个。</p>
</div><p>First, there's Greenland's isolation.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>首先，格林兰的孤立。</p>
</div><ul>
<li>Trump promises nuclear datacenter permits in 3 weeks, calls Greenland 'big beautiful ice'</li>
<li>Abandoned US Army 'city under the ice' imaged in serendipitous NASA find</li>
<li>Pentagon snaps up ownership stake in America's only rare earths mine</li>
<li>White House says China to lift rare earth export bans, stop probes into US tech companies</li>
</ul>
<div class="lb-trans"><ul>
<li>特朗普承诺在 3 周内发放核数据中心许可证，称格林兰为'美丽的大冰块'。 - 被遗弃的美国陆军'冰下城市'在偶然的 NASA 发现中成像。 - 五角大楼收购美国唯一稀土矿的股份。 - 白宫表示中国将解除稀土出口禁令，停止对美国科技公司的调查。</li>
</ul>
</div><p>&#34;Infrastructure is limited, meaning any company looking to develop would have to create its own transport and energy infrastructure,&#34; the experts explained. &#34;The local population is small, and a lack of a large and established mining sector means skilled labour would have to be imported.&#34;</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>&#34;基础设施有限，这意味着任何希望开发的公司都必须自行建立运输和能源基础设施，&#34;专家解释道。&#34;当地人口较少，缺乏大型和成熟的矿业部门，意味着需要引进熟练劳动力。&#34;</p>
</div><p>Additionally, the weather is harsh, daylight is limited, and the only ports that remain open year round are on the southwest coast. That leaves air travel as the only viable path to and from many sites, and weather disruptions would often take that off the table.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>此外，天气恶劣，日照时间有限，唯一全年开放的港口位于西南海岸。这使得空中旅行成为往返许多地点的唯一可行途径，而天气干扰往往会使这一途径失效。</p>
</div><p>Then there's refinement, which either means getting them to Greenland's only modern port at its capital of Nuuk to ship them abroad for refining, or doing it in Greenland, which would require a whole bunch of infrastructure, reagents, and labor imports.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>然后是精炼，这意味着要将矿物运送到格林兰唯一的现代港口努克，以便运往国外进行精炼，或者在格林兰进行精炼，这需要大量的基础设施、试剂和劳动力进口。</p>
</div><p>&#34;Either option faces significant costs,&#34; the analysts note. Locals are also hostile to increased mining in Greenland, Wood Mackenzie added, with high sensitivity to potential environmental and social impacts.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>&#34;无论哪种选择都面临着巨大的成本，&#34;分析师指出。伍德麦肯兹补充道，当地人对格林兰增加矿业活动持敌对态度，对潜在的环境和社会影响高度敏感。</p>
</div><p>All in all, they said, there's not a lot going for Greenland that can't be duplicated more easily in other places with rare earth deposits, more infrastructure, available labor, and less need to invest excess capital.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>总的来说，他们表示，格林兰的优势并不多，无法在其他拥有稀土矿床、基础设施更完善、劳动力可用且不需要过多投资的地方更容易复制。</p>
</div><p>&#34;We expect these to remain major limiting factors on Greenland's ability to establish a rare earth mining sector, irrespective of whether Greenland remains a Danish territory, becomes a US territory, or looks to independence,&#34; said Wood Mackenzie senior research analyst David Riley.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>&#34;我们预计这些将继续成为限制格林兰建立稀土矿业部门的主要因素，无论格林兰是否仍然是丹麦领土，成为美国领土，还是寻求独立，&#34;伍德麦肯兹的高级研究分析师大卫·赖利表示。</p>
</div><p>Whether that will change Trump's calculus will be something we'll have to wait to find out. Given how quickly he caved on his Greenland aggression after chatting with the adults in the EU, that could happen as soon as someone with expertise manages to catch his ear. ®</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>特朗普的计算是否会因此改变，我们还需拭目以待。考虑到他在与欧盟的成年人交谈后迅速放弃了对格林兰的侵略，这种情况可能会在某个专家设法引起他的注意时尽快发生。®</p>
</div>

特朗普称他在格陵兰获得了稀土交易，但这并非易事