<p><img src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://s.yimg.com/ny/api/res/1.2/Gxb.eWvmwzgXYcAcSfv2GA--/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjt3PTEyNDI7aD04MjY-/https://media.zenfs.com/en/afp.com.sg/157103eff222e49611851ddd6aa7d0c4?x-oss-process=image/auto-orient,1/interlace,1/resize,w_1440,h_1440/quality,q_95/format,jpg" alt="" original-src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://s.yimg.com/ny/api/res/1.2/Gxb.eWvmwzgXYcAcSfv2GA--/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjt3PTEyNDI7aD04MjY-/https://media.zenfs.com/en/afp.com.sg/157103eff222e49611851ddd6aa7d0c4"/></p>
<p>随着冰层的消失，挪威偏远的斯瓦尔巴群岛上的北极熊通过变得肥胖而生存下来（奥利维尔·莫兰）</p>
<p>它们的冰冷猎场正在迅速缩小，但挪威偏远的斯瓦尔巴群岛上的北极熊却逆势而上，通过增重而非消瘦，研究周四表示。</p>
<p>根据发表在《科学报告》期刊上的研究，巴伦支海的海冰消失速度比其他北极地区更快，因为那里的气温上升幅度超过其他北极地区。</p>
<p>但与其他北极地区的北极熊在猎场海冰退缩时变得更加瘦弱不同，斯瓦尔巴的北极熊却增加了体脂。</p>
<p>研究的首席作者、挪威极地研究所（NPI）的科学家乔恩·阿尔斯告诉法新社：“在海冰显著减少的时期，身体状况的改善让人感到意外。”</p>
<p>研究指出，斯瓦尔巴的北极熊通过捕食驯鹿和海象等陆地猎物而变得更加肥胖，这些物种在被人类过度开发后已经恢复。</p>
<p>气温升高也使它们更容易捕猎现在聚集在较小海冰区域的环斑海豹。</p>
<p>- 快速变暖 -</p>
<p>科学家们分析了 1995 年至 2019 年间 770 只成年北极熊的身体状况指数（BCI），以确定它们携带的脂肪量。</p>
<p>他们发现，BCI 在 2000 年前下降，但在随后的几年中尽管海冰迅速减少却有所增加。</p>
<p>研究表示，2004 年巴伦支海的北极熊总数估计在 1900 到 3600 只之间，可能自那时以来有所增加。</p>
<p>近年来，北极地区的气温上升幅度是全球平均水平的两到四倍。</p>
<p>在过去四十年中，巴伦支海的气温上升幅度甚至超过了北极其他地区，在某些地区每十年上升高达 2 摄氏度。</p>
<p>该地区在 1979 年至 2014 年间以每年四天的速度失去了海冰栖息地，速度是其他栖息北极熊地区的两倍多。</p>
<p>斯瓦尔巴的发现 “可能令人惊讶，因为它们与其他北极熊种群的研究结果相矛盾，” 法国环境研究中心 CEFE 的研究员萨拉·库巴耶斯表示，她并未参与该研究。</p>
<p>例如，哈德逊湾的北极熊 “由于变暖而身体状况大幅下降，” 库巴耶斯告诉法新社。</p>
<p>- 更加严峻的未来 -</p>
<p>如果在 2003 年开始在 NPI 工作时被问及对北极熊未来的预测，阿尔斯表示他当时会认为它们 “可能会变得更瘦”。</p>
<p>“而我们看到的是相反的，北极熊现在的身体状况更好，尽管它们被迫更多时间待在陆地上，无法捕猎环斑海豹，” 他说。</p>
<p>身体状况的恶化通常是这些北极动物未来人口问题的迹象。</p>
<p>阿尔斯表示：“当环境变得更糟，食物获取减少时，我们预计首先会看到北极熊变得更瘦，脂肪储备积累减少。”</p>
<p>“我们预计在情况变得更糟之前会看到这一点，生存和繁殖显著下降，” 他说。</p>
<p>斯瓦尔巴的意外结果强调了不要将一个地区的发现外推到另一个地区的重要性，研究指出。</p>
<p>斯瓦尔巴的情况 “表明栖息地、生态系统结构、能量摄入和能量支出之间存在复杂关系，” 作者写道。</p>
<p>虽然阿尔斯表示斯瓦尔巴北极熊的良好身体状况是 “好消息”，但研究警告称它们 “可能会在不久的将来受到变暖地球和海冰缩小的负面影响”。</p>
<p>北极熊仍然能够捕食海象和驯鹿，但阿尔斯表示：“我们认为它们仍然依赖于在冰上捕猎海豹。”</p>
<p>jmi/lt/np/fg</p>

<p>一项研究显示，尽管海冰正在减少，挪威斯瓦尔巴群岛的北极熊却在增重，这与其他北极地区的趋势相反。这些北极熊通过捕猎陆地猎物，如驯鹿和海象，增加了体脂。然而，研究人员警告说，由于气候变化和冰栖息地的减少，这一积极趋势可能不会持续下去，这可能导致它们的健康和生存率在未来下降。研究结果突显了栖息地变化与北极熊健康之间复杂的关系</p>

<p><img src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://s.yimg.com/ny/api/res/1.2/Gxb.eWvmwzgXYcAcSfv2GA--/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjt3PTEyNDI7aD04MjY-/https://media.zenfs.com/en/afp.com.sg/157103eff222e49611851ddd6aa7d0c4" alt="" original-src="https://s.yimg.com/ny/api/res/1.2/Gxb.eWvmwzgXYcAcSfv2GA--/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjt3PTEyNDI7aD04MjY-/https://media.zenfs.com/en/afp.com.sg/157103eff222e49611851ddd6aa7d0c4"/></p>
<p>As the ice around them disappears, polar bears in Norway's remote Svalbard archipelago have survived by getting plump (Olivier MORIN)</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>随着冰层的消失，挪威偏远的斯瓦尔巴群岛上的北极熊通过变得肥胖而生存下来（奥利维尔·莫兰）</p>
</div><p>Their icy hunting grounds are rapidly shrinking, but polar bears in Norway's remote Svalbard archipelago have defied the odds by bulking up instead of wasting away, a study said Thursday.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>它们的冰冷猎场正在迅速缩小，但挪威偏远的斯瓦尔巴群岛上的北极熊却逆势而上，通过增重而非消瘦，研究周四表示。</p>
</div><p>The Barents Sea has lost sea ice faster than other areas with polar bears as temperatures have risen there more than in other Arctic regions, according to the research published in the journal Scientific Reports.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>根据发表在《科学报告》期刊上的研究，巴伦支海的海冰消失速度比其他北极地区更快，因为那里的气温上升幅度超过其他北极地区。</p>
</div><p>But instead of growing leaner like polar bears in other parts of the Arctic where the sea ice where they hunt is retreating, those in Svalbard have gained body fat.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>但与其他北极地区的北极熊在猎场海冰退缩时变得更加瘦弱不同，斯瓦尔巴的北极熊却增加了体脂。</p>
</div><p>&#34;The increase in body condition during a period of significant loss of sea ice was a surprise,&#34; Jon Aars, the study's lead author and a scientist at the Norwegian Polar Institute (NPI), told AFP.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>研究的首席作者、挪威极地研究所（NPI）的科学家乔恩·阿尔斯告诉法新社：“在海冰显著减少的时期，身体状况的改善让人感到意外。”</p>
</div><p>Polar bears in Svalbard have become plumper by feasting on land-based prey such as reindeer and walruses -- species that have recovered after being over-exploited by humans, the study said.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>研究指出，斯瓦尔巴的北极熊通过捕食驯鹿和海象等陆地猎物而变得更加肥胖，这些物种在被人类过度开发后已经恢复。</p>
</div><p>Warmer temperatures have also made it easier for them to hunt ringed seals that now crowd in smaller sea ice areas.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>气温升高也使它们更容易捕猎现在聚集在较小海冰区域的环斑海豹。</p>
</div><p>- Rapid warming -</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>- 快速变暖 -</p>
</div><p>The scientists analysed the body condition index (BCI) of 770 adult bears between 1995 and 2019 to determine how much -- or how little -- fat they carry.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>科学家们分析了 1995 年至 2019 年间 770 只成年北极熊的身体状况指数（BCI），以确定它们携带的脂肪量。</p>
</div><p>They found that their BCI fell until 2000 but increased in subsequent years despite a period of rapid loss of sea ice.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>他们发现，BCI 在 2000 年前下降，但在随后的几年中尽管海冰迅速减少却有所增加。</p>
</div><p>The total polar bear population of the Barents Sea was estimated at between 1,900 and 3,600 in 2004 and may have increased since then, the study said.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>研究表示，2004 年巴伦支海的北极熊总数估计在 1900 到 3600 只之间，可能自那时以来有所增加。</p>
</div><p>The increase in air temperature has been two to four times higher in the Arctic than the global average over recent decades.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>近年来，北极地区的气温上升幅度是全球平均水平的两到四倍。</p>
</div><p>The Barents Sea has experienced even greater increases in temperature than other regions in the Arctic over the past four decades, rising by up to 2C per decade in some areas.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>在过去四十年中，巴伦支海的气温上升幅度甚至超过了北极其他地区，在某些地区每十年上升高达 2 摄氏度。</p>
</div><p>The area has also lost sea ice habitat at a rate of four days per year between 1979 and 2014, more than twice as fast as other regions hosting polar bears, it said.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>该地区在 1979 年至 2014 年间以每年四天的速度失去了海冰栖息地，速度是其他栖息北极熊地区的两倍多。</p>
</div><p>The Svalbard findings &#34;may seem surprising because they contradict the results of studies conducted in other polar bear populations&#34;, said Sarah Cubaynes, a researcher at French environmental research centre CEFE who was not involved in the study.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>斯瓦尔巴的发现 “可能令人惊讶，因为它们与其他北极熊种群的研究结果相矛盾，” 法国环境研究中心 CEFE 的研究员萨拉·库巴耶斯表示，她并未参与该研究。</p>
</div><p>The physical condition of polar bears in Hudson Bay, for example, &#34;has greatly declined due to warming&#34;, Cubaynes told AFP.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>例如，哈德逊湾的北极熊 “由于变暖而身体状况大幅下降，” 库巴耶斯告诉法新社。</p>
</div><p>- Bleaker future -</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>- 更加严峻的未来 -</p>
</div><p>Had he been asked to predict when he started working at NPI in 2003 what would happen to the bears, Aars said he would have declared at the time that they &#34;would likely be skinnier&#34;.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>如果在 2003 年开始在 NPI 工作时被问及对北极熊未来的预测，阿尔斯表示他当时会认为它们 “可能会变得更瘦”。</p>
</div><p>&#34;And we see the opposite, bears are now in better condition, even though they are forced to be on land much more of the time, without the ability to hunt ringed seals,&#34; he said.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>“而我们看到的是相反的，北极熊现在的身体状况更好，尽管它们被迫更多时间待在陆地上，无法捕猎环斑海豹，” 他说。</p>
</div><p>A deterioration in body condition is usually a sign of future demographic problems for these Arctic animals.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>身体状况的恶化通常是这些北极动物未来人口问题的迹象。</p>
</div><p>&#34;When conditions get worse, with less access to food, we anticipate to first see that bears get skinnier, that they do not accumulate so much fat reserves,&#34; Aars said.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>阿尔斯表示：“当环境变得更糟，食物获取减少时，我们预计首先会看到北极熊变得更瘦，脂肪储备积累减少。”</p>
</div><p>&#34;This we expect to see before things get even worse, and survival and reproduction decreases significantly,&#34; he said.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>“我们预计在情况变得更糟之前会看到这一点，生存和繁殖显著下降，” 他说。</p>
</div><p>The unexpected results in Svalbard underscore the importance of not extrapolating findings from one region to another, the study said.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>斯瓦尔巴的意外结果强调了不要将一个地区的发现外推到另一个地区的重要性，研究指出。</p>
</div><p>The situation in Svalbard &#34;indicates a complex relationship between habitat, ecosystem structure, energy intake, and energy expenditure&#34;, the authors wrote.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>斯瓦尔巴的情况 “表明栖息地、生态系统结构、能量摄入和能量支出之间存在复杂关系，” 作者写道。</p>
</div><p>While Aars said the good body condition of Svalbard's polar bears is &#34;good news&#34;, the study warned that they are &#34;likely to be negatively affected in the near future&#34; by a warming planet and shrinking sea ice.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>虽然阿尔斯表示斯瓦尔巴北极熊的良好身体状况是 “好消息”，但研究警告称它们 “可能会在不久的将来受到变暖地球和海冰缩小的负面影响”。</p>
</div><p>The bears may still be able to prey on walruses and reindeer, but &#34;we think they still depend on hunting seals on the ice&#34;, Aars said.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>北极熊仍然能够捕食海象和驯鹿，但阿尔斯表示：“我们认为它们仍然依赖于在冰上捕猎海豹。”</p>
</div><p>jmi/lt/np/fg</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>jmi/lt/np/fg</p>
</div>

研究显示，尽管挪威北极冰层正在融化，北极熊的体重仍在增加