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<p>半导体可追溯性和来源问题，长期以来在专业供应链和安全领域讨论，如今正迅速成为芯片行业的主要关注点。这一转变在美国国家标准与技术研究院（NIST）于 1 月 27 日举办的半导体可追溯性和来源研讨会上得到了充分展示。参与者中包括超大规模云计算公司和个人电脑公司如谷歌、微软、IBM 和惠普；汽车巨头博世、斯特兰蒂斯和大众；半导体制造商如 AMD、英特尔、美光和高通；以及 EDA 供应商西门子 EDA 和 Synopsys，还有来自美国政府机构和行业组织如 SEMI 和 USPAE 的代表。</p>
<p>此次活动反映出一个日益增长的认识，即半导体供应链变得过于复杂、过于全球化，并且过于关键，无法在没有更强的信任和验证机制的情况下运作。人工智能、先进封装和异构集成正在增加单一系统中参与者和组件的数量，使得不仅难以知道设备的来源，还难以确认其是否按预期功能运行。在这种背景下，可追溯性不再仅仅被视为物流或合规问题，而是安全性、可靠性和经济韧性的基础要素。</p>
<h3><strong>从信任到可追溯性</strong></h3>
<p>根据组织此次研讨会的 NIST 官员 Kostas Amberiadis 的说法，此次活动直接建立在 2025 年 4 月举行的早期 NIST 会议之上，会议重点讨论了半导体供应链中的信任和来源问题。在那次早期会议上，主要由半导体公司和 EDA 公司参加，可追溯性成为行业参与者的短期和长期首要任务。共识是，讨论需要超越芯片制造商本身，涵盖更广泛的消费和集成半导体的生态系统。</p>
<p>“半导体生态系统远比仅仅是半导体公司要大得多，” Amberiadis 在接受 EE Times 采访时表示。“去年，我们有大型半导体和 EDA 参与者——如高通、英特尔、AMD、IBM 和 Cadence。但他们环顾四周说，‘我们没有超大规模云计算公司，没有个人计算公司，也没有汽车公司。’”</p>
<p>第二次研讨会的议程故意围绕超大规模云计算公司、个人计算公司、汽车制造商、政府机构以及半导体和 EDA 行业的观点进行结构设计。目标不是强加单一解决方案，而是揭示不同的解释、技术方法和影响可追溯性定义和实施的商业约束。</p>
<p>Amberiadis 指出，吸引这些公司并非易事。“让他们参加同一个会议并不容易，” 他说。“我们有来自谷歌、微软、IBM 和惠普的演讲。在汽车方面，我们有博世、斯特兰蒂斯和大众。这些都是巨头公司，如果大公司说什么，小公司就会跟随。”</p>
<p>研讨会的一个明确结果是，“可追溯性” 在半导体公司之间并没有普遍的含义。对一些公司来说，可追溯性与序列化密切相关——为每个设备分配唯一标识符，无论是物理 ID 还是虚拟 ID。对其他公司而言，它延伸到数字记录、系统级数据架构或基于计量的验证方法。</p>
<p>Amberiadis 强调，这种定义的多样性并不一定是个问题，而是一个跨越从商品微控制器到高性能 AI 加速器的行业现实。“可追溯性对不同的人意味着不同的事情，” 他说。“没有普遍的定义。”</p>
<p>然而，参与者似乎一致同意，任何可行的方法必须是有限且实用的。试图同时覆盖每种材料、晶圆、芯片、封装和系统层的努力，可能会变得过于复杂或成本过高，无法大规模实施。相反，许多讨论倾向于首先关注成品设备和封装，在这些领域，识别和验证可以产生最直接的操作影响。</p>
<h3><strong>合作而非趋同</strong></h3>
<p>Amberiadis 表示，如果说研讨会有一个反复出现的主题，那就是合作——同时强烈希望保留现有的商业模式和技术基础设施。参与者普遍同意，半导体可追溯性问题对于任何单一公司来说都过于庞大，无法单独解决。同时，鲜有公司表示有兴趣放弃当前的内部系统，转而采用一个普遍的自上而下框架。</p>
<p>这种动态被 Amberiadis 描述为 “合作而不拆除他们已有的东西” 的偏好。在实践中，这意味着行业愿意在标准、互操作机制和共享术语上达成一致，但不愿意公开专有数据或重新设计提供竞争优势的核心流程。关于知识产权和数据保密的担忧在许多关于供应链信息共享的讨论中隐含存在。</p>
<p>下午的专题讨论进一步强调了这一点。讨论中有来自 AMD、英特尔、美光和高通的代表，以及 EDA 公司西门子 EDA 和 Synopsys，强调芯片制造商和设计工具供应商都将可追溯性视为战略重要，但在这一领域竞争敏感性依然很高。</p>
<p>成本是反复出现的另一个因素。虽然参与者承认可追溯性基础设施需要成本，但对于这些成本应如何分配并没有明确的共识。普遍的假设是，随着时间的推移，这些成本最终将由最终消费者承担，无论应用领域如何。</p>
<p>NIST 在研讨会中的角色是故意保持中立的。该机构并没有倡导特定的技术解决方案，而是将自己定位为一个召集者和促进者——将不同的参与者聚集在一起，以识别共同的需求和差距。这一立场与 NIST 更广泛的使命一致，即以增强经济安全和生活质量的方式推动测量科学、标准和技术的发展。</p>
<p>根据 Amberiadis 的说法，NIST 可能在标准制定和计量方面产生最直接的影响。参与者反复呼吁更好地了解现有标准，以及更清晰地映射出哪些地方可能真正需要额外的标准，而哪些地方现有框架之间的互操作性就足够了。还讨论了试点项目和参考架构，尽管这些可能需要专门的资金和跨行业的承诺。</p>
<p>先进封装和异构集成的兴起为这一对话增添了新的紧迫感。现代系统越来越多地将来自多个供应商的芯片组合成一个单一的封装，这使得评估可靠性、来源和功能完整性变得复杂。在这样的环境中，可追溯性不仅仅是追踪单一供应商的问题，而是验证整个贡献者网络的可信度。</p>
<p>参与者指出，随着人工智能工作负载和高性能计算继续推动基于芯片的设计，对可靠来源信息的需求只会加剧。如果没有机制来确认每个组件是否按预期工作并满足商定的可靠性标准，系统级风险将会增加。</p>
<h3><strong>一个论坛，而非最终答案</strong></h3>
<p>此次研讨会并没有产生明确的路线图或单一的半导体可追溯性技术蓝图。相反，它的价值在于揭示了观点的多样性，并澄清了现有的一致性和缺乏一致性的地方。小组讨论和分组会议提供了跨行业对话的机会，使汽车制造商如博世、斯泰兰蒂斯和大众能够直接听取谷歌和微软等超大规模企业的意见，同时政府机构也能更好地理解行业的限制。</p>
<p>对于未能参加的公司，Amberiadis 提供了一个简明的总结：半导体可追溯性是一个过于庞大和相互关联的挑战，无法孤立解决。进展将更依赖于建立尊重特定行业需求的合作框架，而不是强加统一性，同时实现互操作性和共享保障。</p>
<p>从这个意义上说，NIST 的研讨会标志着一个起点，而非终点。随着芯片供应链规模和复杂性的不断扩大，行业回答一个简单问题的能力——“这个设备来自哪里，我能信任它吗？”——可能成为其最重要的技术和经济挑战之一。</p>
<hr/>
<h5>另见：</h5>
<hr/>

动态半导体 ETF - Invesco

全球科技股指数 ETF - iShares

费城交易所 半导体 ETF - iShares

半导体 ETF - VanEck Vectors

半导体 3 倍做多 - Direxion

标普半导体 ETF - SPDR

<p>NIST 半导体可追溯性研讨会强调了可追溯性在半导体供应链中日益重要的地位，涉及谷歌、微软以及汽车巨头等主要公司。此次活动强调可追溯性对安全性和可靠性至关重要，参与者对此有着不同的理解。合作是一个关键主题，各公司愿意在保持专有系统的同时对标准达成一致。研讨会旨在解决半导体可追溯性的复杂性，而不强加统一的框架，专注于成品设备和包装的实际解决方案</p>

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</div><p>Semiconductor traceability and provenance, long discussed in specialized supply-chain and security circles, are rapidly moving into the mainstream of chip industry concerns. That shift was on full display at the Semiconductor Traceability and Provenance Workshop hosted on Jan. 27 by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Among the most prominent participants were hyperscalers and PC companies Google, Microsoft, IBM, and HP; automotive giants Bosch, Stellantis, and Volkswagen; semiconductor manufacturers including AMD, Intel, Micron, and Qualcomm; and EDA vendors Siemens EDA and Synopsys, alongside representatives from U.S. government agencies and industry bodies such as SEMI and USPAE.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>半导体可追溯性和来源问题，长期以来在专业供应链和安全领域讨论，如今正迅速成为芯片行业的主要关注点。这一转变在美国国家标准与技术研究院（NIST）于 1 月 27 日举办的半导体可追溯性和来源研讨会上得到了充分展示。参与者中包括超大规模云计算公司和个人电脑公司如谷歌、微软、IBM 和惠普；汽车巨头博世、斯特兰蒂斯和大众；半导体制造商如 AMD、英特尔、美光和高通；以及 EDA 供应商西门子 EDA 和 Synopsys，还有来自美国政府机构和行业组织如 SEMI 和 USPAE 的代表。</p>
</div><p>The event reflected a growing realization that semiconductor supply chains have become too complex, too global, and too critical to operate without stronger mechanisms for trust and verification. AI, advanced packaging, and heterogeneous integration are increasing the number of actors and components involved in a single system, making it harder to know not only where a device came from but also whether it is functioning as intended. Against that backdrop, traceability is no longer viewed merely as a logistics or compliance issue, but as a foundational element of security, reliability, and economic resilience.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>此次活动反映出一个日益增长的认识，即半导体供应链变得过于复杂、过于全球化，并且过于关键，无法在没有更强的信任和验证机制的情况下运作。人工智能、先进封装和异构集成正在增加单一系统中参与者和组件的数量，使得不仅难以知道设备的来源，还难以确认其是否按预期功能运行。在这种背景下，可追溯性不再仅仅被视为物流或合规问题，而是安全性、可靠性和经济韧性的基础要素。</p>
</div><h3><strong>From trust to traceability</strong></h3>
<div class="lb-trans"><h3><strong>从信任到可追溯性</strong></h3>
</div><p>According to Kostas Amberiadis, the NIST official who organized the workshop, the event was built directly on an earlier NIST meeting held in April 2025, focused on trust and provenance in the semiconductor supply chain. In that earlier session, attended primarily by semiconductor companies and EDA firms, traceability emerged as the top short-term and long-term priority for industry participants. The consensus was that the discussion needed to expand beyond chipmakers themselves to include the broader ecosystem that consumes and integrates semiconductors.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>根据组织此次研讨会的 NIST 官员 Kostas Amberiadis 的说法，此次活动直接建立在 2025 年 4 月举行的早期 NIST 会议之上，会议重点讨论了半导体供应链中的信任和来源问题。在那次早期会议上，主要由半导体公司和 EDA 公司参加，可追溯性成为行业参与者的短期和长期首要任务。共识是，讨论需要超越芯片制造商本身，涵盖更广泛的消费和集成半导体的生态系统。</p>
</div><p>“The semiconductor ecosystem is a lot bigger than just the semiconductor companies,” Amberiadis told EE Times in an interview. “Last year, we had the big semiconductor and EDA players—companies like Qualcomm, Intel, AMD, IBM, and Cadence. But they looked around the room and said, ‘We don’t have hyperscalers, we don’t have personal-computing, we don’t have auto companies.’”</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>“半导体生态系统远比仅仅是半导体公司要大得多，” Amberiadis 在接受 EE Times 采访时表示。“去年，我们有大型半导体和 EDA 参与者——如高通、英特尔、AMD、IBM 和 Cadence。但他们环顾四周说，‘我们没有超大规模云计算公司，没有个人计算公司，也没有汽车公司。’”</p>
</div><p>The agenda of the second workshop was deliberately structured around viewpoints from hyperscalers and personal-computing companies, automotive manufacturers, government agencies, and the semiconductor and EDA sectors. The goal was not to dictate a single solution but to surface differing interpretations, technical approaches, and business constraints that influence how traceability is defined and implemented across sectors.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>第二次研讨会的议程故意围绕超大规模云计算公司、个人计算公司、汽车制造商、政府机构以及半导体和 EDA 行业的观点进行结构设计。目标不是强加单一解决方案，而是揭示不同的解释、技术方法和影响可追溯性定义和实施的商业约束。</p>
</div><p>Amberiadis noted that attracting those companies was not trivial. “It’s not easy to get them into the same meeting,” he said. “We had presentations from Google, Microsoft, IBM, and HP. On the automotive side, we had Bosch, Stellantis, and Volkswagen. These are huge companies, and if the big guys say something, the small ones follow.”</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>Amberiadis 指出，吸引这些公司并非易事。“让他们参加同一个会议并不容易，” 他说。“我们有来自谷歌、微软、IBM 和惠普的演讲。在汽车方面，我们有博世、斯特兰蒂斯和大众。这些都是巨头公司，如果大公司说什么，小公司就会跟随。”</p>
</div><p>One of the clearest outcomes of the workshop was that “traceability” does not have a universal meaning, even among semiconductor companies. For some, traceability is closely tied to serialization—assigning a unique identifier to each device, either physical or virtual IDs. For others, it extends into digital records, system-level data architectures, or metrology-based verification methods.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>研讨会的一个明确结果是，“可追溯性” 在半导体公司之间并没有普遍的含义。对一些公司来说，可追溯性与序列化密切相关——为每个设备分配唯一标识符，无论是物理 ID 还是虚拟 ID。对其他公司而言，它延伸到数字记录、系统级数据架构或基于计量的验证方法。</p>
</div><p>Amberiadis emphasized that this diversity of definitions is not necessarily a problem but a reality of an industry that spans everything from commodity microcontrollers to high-performance AI accelerators. “Traceability means different things to different people,” he said. “There is no universal definition.”</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>Amberiadis 强调，这种定义的多样性并不一定是个问题，而是一个跨越从商品微控制器到高性能 AI 加速器的行业现实。“可追溯性对不同的人意味着不同的事情，” 他说。“没有普遍的定义。”</p>
</div><p>What participants appeared to agree on, however, is that any workable approach must be bounded and practical. Efforts that attempt to cover every material, wafer, die, package, and system layer simultaneously risk becoming too complex or too costly to implement at scale. Instead, many discussions gravitated toward focusing first on finished devices and packages, where identification and verification can have the most immediate operational impact.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>然而，参与者似乎一致同意，任何可行的方法必须是有限且实用的。试图同时覆盖每种材料、晶圆、芯片、封装和系统层的努力，可能会变得过于复杂或成本过高，无法大规模实施。相反，许多讨论倾向于首先关注成品设备和封装，在这些领域，识别和验证可以产生最直接的操作影响。</p>
</div><h3><strong>Cooperation without convergence</strong></h3>
<div class="lb-trans"><h3><strong>合作而非趋同</strong></h3>
</div><p>Amberiadis said that if there was one recurring theme throughout the workshop, it was cooperation—tempered by a strong desire to preserve existing business models and technical infrastructures. Participants broadly agreed that the problem of semiconductor traceability is too large for any single company to solve alone. At the same time, few expressed interest in abandoning their current internal systems in favor of a universal, top-down framework.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>Amberiadis 表示，如果说研讨会有一个反复出现的主题，那就是合作——同时强烈希望保留现有的商业模式和技术基础设施。参与者普遍同意，半导体可追溯性问题对于任何单一公司来说都过于庞大，无法单独解决。同时，鲜有公司表示有兴趣放弃当前的内部系统，转而采用一个普遍的自上而下框架。</p>
</div><p>This dynamic was described by Amberiadis as a preference for “cooperation without tearing down what they already have.” In practice, this translates into an industry willing to align on standards, interoperability mechanisms, and shared terminology, but reluctant to expose proprietary data or redesign core processes that provide a competitive advantage. Concerns about IP and data confidentiality were implicit in many discussions about information sharing across the supply chain.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>这种动态被 Amberiadis 描述为 “合作而不拆除他们已有的东西” 的偏好。在实践中，这意味着行业愿意在标准、互操作机制和共享术语上达成一致，但不愿意公开专有数据或重新设计提供竞争优势的核心流程。关于知识产权和数据保密的担忧在许多关于供应链信息共享的讨论中隐含存在。</p>
</div><p>The afternoon panel discussion reinforced this point. It featured representatives from AMD, Intel, Micron, and Qualcomm, alongside EDA companies Siemens EDA and Synopsys, underscoring that both chipmakers and design-tool vendors see traceability as strategically important, but also as an area where competitive sensitivities remain high.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>下午的专题讨论进一步强调了这一点。讨论中有来自 AMD、英特尔、美光和高通的代表，以及 EDA 公司西门子 EDA 和 Synopsys，强调芯片制造商和设计工具供应商都将可追溯性视为战略重要，但在这一领域竞争敏感性依然很高。</p>
</div><p>Cost was another factor that surfaced repeatedly. While participants acknowledged that traceability infrastructure carries a price, there was no clear consensus on how those costs should be allocated. The prevailing assumption was that, over time, they would ultimately be absorbed by end consumers, regardless of application sector.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>成本是反复出现的另一个因素。虽然参与者承认可追溯性基础设施需要成本，但对于这些成本应如何分配并没有明确的共识。普遍的假设是，随着时间的推移，这些成本最终将由最终消费者承担，无论应用领域如何。</p>
</div><p>NIST’s role in the workshop was intentionally neutral. Rather than advocating a specific technical solution, the institute positioned itself as a convener and facilitator—bringing together disparate actors to identify common needs and gaps. This stance is consistent with NIST’s broader mission to advance measurement science, standards, and technology in ways that enhance economic security and quality of life.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>NIST 在研讨会中的角色是故意保持中立的。该机构并没有倡导特定的技术解决方案，而是将自己定位为一个召集者和促进者——将不同的参与者聚集在一起，以识别共同的需求和差距。这一立场与 NIST 更广泛的使命一致，即以增强经济安全和生活质量的方式推动测量科学、标准和技术的发展。</p>
</div><p>Where NIST may have its most immediate impact, according to Amberiadis, is in standards development and metrology. Participants repeatedly called for better visibility into existing standards, as well as clearer mappings of where additional standards might genuinely be needed versus where interoperability between current frameworks could suffice. Pilot efforts and reference architectures were also discussed, though these would likely require dedicated funding and cross-industry commitment.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>根据 Amberiadis 的说法，NIST 可能在标准制定和计量方面产生最直接的影响。参与者反复呼吁更好地了解现有标准，以及更清晰地映射出哪些地方可能真正需要额外的标准，而哪些地方现有框架之间的互操作性就足够了。还讨论了试点项目和参考架构，尽管这些可能需要专门的资金和跨行业的承诺。</p>
</div><p>The rise of advanced packaging and heterogeneous integration added a new layer of urgency to the conversation. Modern systems increasingly combine chiplets from multiple vendors into a single package, complicating efforts to assess reliability, origin, and functional integrity. In such environments, traceability becomes not just a matter of tracking a single supplier but of verifying the trustworthiness of an entire network of contributors.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>先进封装和异构集成的兴起为这一对话增添了新的紧迫感。现代系统越来越多地将来自多个供应商的芯片组合成一个单一的封装，这使得评估可靠性、来源和功能完整性变得复杂。在这样的环境中，可追溯性不仅仅是追踪单一供应商的问题，而是验证整个贡献者网络的可信度。</p>
</div><p>Participants noted that as AI workloads and high-performance computing continue to drive chiplet-based designs, the need for reliable provenance information will only intensify. Without mechanisms to confirm that each component performs as intended and meets agreed-upon reliability criteria, system-level risks multiply.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>参与者指出，随着人工智能工作负载和高性能计算继续推动基于芯片的设计，对可靠来源信息的需求只会加剧。如果没有机制来确认每个组件是否按预期工作并满足商定的可靠性标准，系统级风险将会增加。</p>
</div><h3><strong>A forum, not a final answer</strong></h3>
<div class="lb-trans"><h3><strong>一个论坛，而非最终答案</strong></h3>
</div><p>The workshop did not produce a definitive roadmap or a single technical blueprint for semiconductor traceability. Instead, its value lies in exposing the diversity of perspectives and clarifying where alignment already exists, and where it is lacking. Panel discussions and breakout sessions provided opportunities for cross-sector dialogue, allowing automotive manufacturers such as Bosch, Stellantis, and Volkswagen to hear directly from hyperscalers like Google and Microsoft, and government agencies to better understand industry constraints.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>此次研讨会并没有产生明确的路线图或单一的半导体可追溯性技术蓝图。相反，它的价值在于揭示了观点的多样性，并澄清了现有的一致性和缺乏一致性的地方。小组讨论和分组会议提供了跨行业对话的机会，使汽车制造商如博世、斯泰兰蒂斯和大众能够直接听取谷歌和微软等超大规模企业的意见，同时政府机构也能更好地理解行业的限制。</p>
</div><p>For companies that did not attend, Amberiadis offered a succinct takeaway: Semiconductor traceability is too large and too interconnected a challenge to be addressed in isolation. Progress will depend less on imposing uniformity and more on building cooperative frameworks that respect sector-specific needs while enabling interoperability and shared assurance.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>对于未能参加的公司，Amberiadis 提供了一个简明的总结：半导体可追溯性是一个过于庞大和相互关联的挑战，无法孤立解决。进展将更依赖于建立尊重特定行业需求的合作框架，而不是强加统一性，同时实现互操作性和共享保障。</p>
</div><p>In that sense, the NIST workshop marked less an endpoint than a starting line. As chip supply chains continue to expand in scale and complexity, the industry’s ability to answer a simple question—“Where did this device come from, and can I trust it?”—may become one of its most consequential technical and economic challenges.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>从这个意义上说，NIST 的研讨会标志着一个起点，而非终点。随着芯片供应链规模和复杂性的不断扩大，行业回答一个简单问题的能力——“这个设备来自哪里，我能信任它吗？”——可能成为其最重要的技术和经济挑战之一。</p>
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</div><h5>See also:</h5>
<div class="lb-trans"><h5>另见：</h5>
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半导体可追溯性在 NIST 研讨会上成为关注的中心