<p>美国整形外科医师学会（ASPS）周二发布了一项立场声明，建议外科医生推迟进行 “与性别相关的乳房/胸部、 genital 和面部手术”，直到患者年满 19 岁，这一举措得到了特朗普政府的赞扬，称其为 “保护儿童免受有害的性别拒绝手术”。</p>
<p>ASPS 代表全球超过 11,000 名医生，发布了其立场，认为儿童和青少年在性别相关的内分泌和外科干预方面的风险收益比存在较低的确定性。</p>
<p>虽然其立场声明评论了激素性别确认护理，但 ASPS 的建议仅集中在外科干预上，建议推迟进行性别确认手术，直到 19 岁。</p>
<p>ASPS 的声明中写道：“现有证据表明，许多在青春期前出现性别焦虑的儿童在成年时会经历痛苦的解决或显著减少，而不需要医学或外科干预。” “关于青少年发病表现的证据，自 2010 年代中期以来变得越来越普遍，但同样无法自信地预测长期发展轨迹。”</p>
<p>该组织引用了卫生与公共服务部（HHS）的一篇 2025 年文章，得出结论认为，在儿童性别确认护理方面，临床协议的快速扩展和实施缺乏足够的科学和伦理依据。该文章并非旨在作为临床实践指南。</p>
<p>几家 LGBTQ+ 组织谴责了 HHS 文章的内容，健康团体在去年的联合声明中表示：“这份文件不是对证据的中立审查；它是一个政治动机的议程，歪曲了既定的医学共识，并对脆弱的年轻人及其家庭构成严重伤害的风险。”</p>
<p>ASPS 反对 “患者价值和偏好” 应主导儿童和青少年治疗的观点。</p>
<p>其声明中写道：“尊重新兴青少年自主权也被引用作为在低确定性证据面前提供护理的理由。然而，患者自主权更恰当地定义为患者接受或拒绝适当治疗的权利；在缺乏有利的风险收益比的情况下，这并不创造医生提供干预的义务。”</p>
<p>与此同时，ASPS 表示反对将提供性别确认护理的医生定罪。</p>
<p>虽然它是一个非党派组织，但 ASPS 在政治行动委员会 PlastyPAC 中有一个政治游说部门。根据 Open Secrets 的数据，从 2023 年到 2024 年，联邦 PlastyPAC 贡献中约 56% 流向了共和党，尽管没有对总统候选人进行贡献。</p>
<p>HHS 在周二的一份声明中赞扬了 ASPS 的立场。</p>
<p>HHS 部长罗伯特·F·肯尼迪（Robert F. Kennedy, Jr.）在一份声明中表示：“我们赞扬美国整形外科医师学会站出来反对过度医疗化游说，捍卫科学。” “通过采取这一立场，他们正在帮助保护未来一代美国儿童免受不可逆转的伤害。”</p>
<p>医疗保险和医疗补助中心管理员梅赫梅特·奥兹（Mehmet Oz）补充道：“当未来的医学伦理教科书被编写时，他们将像我们回顾脑叶切除术一样回顾未成年人性别拒绝手术。我赞扬美国整形外科医师学会站在历史的正确一边，反对这些危险的、不科学的实验。”</p>

<p>美国整形外科医师学会（ASPS）建议将性别确认手术的时间推迟至患者 19 岁，理由是对未成年人进行此类手术的风险收益比存在较低的确定性。特朗普政府对此立场表示赞赏，强调需要保护儿童免受潜在有害干预的影响。ASPS 的声明指出，许多患有性别焦虑的儿童在没有医疗干预的情况下可能会感到痛苦减轻。尽管反对将性别确认护理刑事化，ASPS 认为患者的自主权并不要求医生提供缺乏良好风险收益特征的治疗</p>

<p>The American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) on Tuesday published a position statement recommending that surgeons delay “gender-related breast/chest, genital, and facial surgery” until a patient is 19 years old, drawing praise from the Trump administration for “protecting children from harmful sex-rejecting procedures.”</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>美国整形外科医师学会（ASPS）周二发布了一项立场声明，建议外科医生推迟进行 “与性别相关的乳房/胸部、 genital 和面部手术”，直到患者年满 19 岁，这一举措得到了特朗普政府的赞扬，称其为 “保护儿童免受有害的性别拒绝手术”。</p>
</div><p>The ASPS, which represents more than 11,000 physicians globally, released its position that there is low certainty in the risk-benefit ratio for gender-related endocrine and surgical interventions for children and adolescents.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>ASPS 代表全球超过 11,000 名医生，发布了其立场，认为儿童和青少年在性别相关的内分泌和外科干预方面的风险收益比存在较低的确定性。</p>
</div><p>While its position statement commented on hormonal gender-affirming care, the ASPS’s recommendation focused solely on surgical intervention, which advised that gender-affirming surgeries be delayed until 19.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>虽然其立场声明评论了激素性别确认护理，但 ASPS 的建议仅集中在外科干预上，建议推迟进行性别确认手术，直到 19 岁。</p>
</div><p>“Available evidence suggests that a substantial proportion of children with prepubertal onset gender dysphoria experience resolution or significant reduction of distress by the time they reach adulthood, absent medical or surgical intervention,” the ASPS’s statement read. “Evidence regarding adolescent onset presentation, which has become increasingly common since the mid-2010s, is more limited but similarly does not allow for confident prediction of long-term trajectories.”</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>ASPS 的声明中写道：“现有证据表明，许多在青春期前出现性别焦虑的儿童在成年时会经历痛苦的解决或显著减少，而不需要医学或外科干预。” “关于青少年发病表现的证据，自 2010 年代中期以来变得越来越普遍，但同样无法自信地预测长期发展轨迹。”</p>
</div><p>The organization cited a 2025 article from the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) which concluded that when it came to pediatric gender-affirming care, there had been a “rapid expansion and implementation of a clinical protocol that lacked sufficient scientific and ethical justification.” The article was not intended as a clinical practice guideline.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>该组织引用了卫生与公共服务部（HHS）的一篇 2025 年文章，得出结论认为，在儿童性别确认护理方面，临床协议的快速扩展和实施缺乏足够的科学和伦理依据。该文章并非旨在作为临床实践指南。</p>
</div><p>Several LGBTQ+ organizations condemned the contents of the HHS article, with health groups saying in a joint statement last year, “This document is not a neutral review of evidence; it is a politically motivated agenda that misrepresents established medical consensus and risks serious harm to vulnerable young people and their families.”</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>几家 LGBTQ+ 组织谴责了 HHS 文章的内容，健康团体在去年的联合声明中表示：“这份文件不是对证据的中立审查；它是一个政治动机的议程，歪曲了既定的医学共识，并对脆弱的年轻人及其家庭构成严重伤害的风险。”</p>
</div><p>The ASPS pushed back on the notion that “patient values and preferences” should lead in the treatment of children and adolescents.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>ASPS 反对 “患者价值和偏好” 应主导儿童和青少年治疗的观点。</p>
</div><p>“Respect for emerging adolescent autonomy is also cited as a rationale for the provision of care in the face of low certainty evidence. However, patient autonomy is more properly defined as the right of a patient to accept or refuse appropriate treatment; it does not create an obligation for a physician to provide interventions in the absence of a favorable risk–benefit profile,” its statement read.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>其声明中写道：“尊重新兴青少年自主权也被引用作为在低确定性证据面前提供护理的理由。然而，患者自主权更恰当地定义为患者接受或拒绝适当治疗的权利；在缺乏有利的风险收益比的情况下，这并不创造医生提供干预的义务。”</p>
</div><p>At the same time, the ASPS stated its opposition to criminalizing physicians who provide gender-affirming care.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>与此同时，ASPS 表示反对将提供性别确认护理的医生定罪。</p>
</div><p>While it is a nonpartisan organization, the ASPS has a political lobbying arm in the political action committee PlastyPAC. According to Open Secrets, roughly 56 percent of federal PlastyPAC contributions went to Republicans from 2023 to 2024, though no contributions were made to presidential candidates.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>虽然它是一个非党派组织，但 ASPS 在政治行动委员会 PlastyPAC 中有一个政治游说部门。根据 Open Secrets 的数据，从 2023 年到 2024 年，联邦 PlastyPAC 贡献中约 56% 流向了共和党，尽管没有对总统候选人进行贡献。</p>
</div><p>HHS praised the ASPS’s position in a statement Tuesday.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>HHS 在周二的一份声明中赞扬了 ASPS 的立场。</p>
</div><p>“We commend the American Society of Plastic Surgeons for standing up to the overmedicalization lobby and defending sound science,” HHS Secretary Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. said in a statement. “By taking this stand, they are helping protect future generations of American children from irreversible harm.”</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>HHS 部长罗伯特·F·肯尼迪（Robert F. Kennedy, Jr.）在一份声明中表示：“我们赞扬美国整形外科医师学会站出来反对过度医疗化游说，捍卫科学。” “通过采取这一立场，他们正在帮助保护未来一代美国儿童免受不可逆转的伤害。”</p>
</div><p>Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Administrator Mehmet Oz added, “When the medical ethics textbooks of the future are written, they’ll look back on sex-rejecting procedures for minors the way we look back on lobotomies. I applaud the American Society of Plastic Surgeons for placing itself on the right side of history by opposing these dangerous, unscientific experiments.”</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>医疗保险和医疗补助中心管理员梅赫梅特·奥兹（Mehmet Oz）补充道：“当未来的医学伦理教科书被编写时，他们将像我们回顾脑叶切除术一样回顾未成年人性别拒绝手术。我赞扬美国整形外科医师学会站在历史的正确一边，反对这些危险的、不科学的实验。”</p>
</div>

整形外科医生协会建议将性别确认手术推迟到 19 岁；特朗普政府对此立场表示赞赏