<p>挪威长期以来被视为电动出行的先锋，其 2025 年的年度统计数据进一步巩固了这一声誉：去年注册的新车中，有令人印象深刻的 96% 是电动车（EV）——在奥斯陆，这一比例甚至更高。此外，得益于挪威多年来强劲的电动车普及，电池电动汽车现在在整体车辆车队中已超过柴油车。其含义很明确：没有私人充电桩的人必须持续依赖可用的公共充电点。</p>
<p>为了确保电动车在充电后及时腾出充电位，奥斯陆之前依赖于基于时间的定价模型。在德国，由于计量法规严格，这种模型现在已经很少见。然而，在电动出行的早期阶段，公共充电是否按时间或能耗计费常常不清楚。从法律上讲，现在只允许后者。</p>
<h2>市议会为定价模型变更铺平道路</h2>
<p>在奥斯陆，充电速度较慢的电动车车主感到现有系统特别不利。当地的奥斯陆和阿克什胡斯电动车协会长期以来一直在呼吁更公平的基于消费的模型。他们的努力现在得到了回报：根据挪威电动车协会的公告，奥斯陆市议会本周批准了一种新的基于消费的定价模型，预计将在 2026 年秋季生效。</p>
<p>“终于来了！我们等了很久，” 来自奥斯陆和阿克什胡斯电动车协会的 Per Maltun 说。“在奥斯陆，有很多电动车司机没有自己的停车位。对他们来说，街道充电就是他们的家庭充电。我们收到了许多成员对不公平定价模型感到沮丧的投诉。” Maltun 认为新模型是一个显著的改善：“旧模型没有考虑充电站实际提供的电量，使得充电速度较慢的电动车处于不利地位。通过新模型，电动车司机根据实际充入电池的能量支付费用。”</p>
<p>新的充电价格将基于三个组成部分进行计算。最重要的因素是实际的千瓦时能耗。这个主要价格组成部分基于城市为电力支付的现货价格，并每日更新。此外，还有一项运营成本费用（在 2025 年为每千瓦时 0.81 克朗，约合 0.07 欧元）和第三个组成部分：基于时间的停车费。后者根据充电发生的时间、持续时间和地点（市中心或郊区）而有所不同。</p>
<h2>快速离开充电站可节省停车费</h2>
<p>在前五个小时内，市中心的停车费设定为每小时 12 克朗，市外为每小时 10 克朗，分别约合 1 欧元和 90 美分。从第五个小时开始，费用翻倍。这适用于周一至周六的 09:00 至 20:00。在这些时间之外和周日，停车费免除。该系统作为一种反闲置措施，但更为全面，因为它适用于充电的第一个小时，并且车辆越早离开充电站，费用越低。</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th><strong>前五小时停车费</strong></th>
<th><strong>第五小时后的停车费</strong></th>
</tr>
</thead>
</table>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>周一至周六 09:00 至 20:00 市中心</td>
<td>12 克朗/小时</td>
<td>24 克朗/小时</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>周一至周六 09:00 至 20:00 市外</td>
<td>10 克朗/小时</td>
<td>20 克朗/小时</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>来源：Norsk elbilforening</p>
<p>尚未最终确定持有停车许可证的居民将如何处理。由于他们支付固定费用以免除城市停车费，如果在充电站收取停车附加费，他们实际上将被收取两次费用。市议会表示，旨在找到一种解决方案，使持有停车许可证的居民在自己所在社区充电时免除停车费。然而，目前缺乏实施的手段。</p>
<h2>最大的努力在于新标识</h2>
<p>关于时间表：“我们目前预计一个现实的开始日期是 2026 年秋季，” 奥斯陆城市环境局的出行顾问 Sara Teige Kalsås 在与挪威电动车协会的交谈中表示。她估计推广将需要大约三个月。最耗时的任务将是更新所有充电站的标识和进行一些技术测试。充电站本身只需进行最小的更改。</p>
<p>与此同时，电动车协会为奥斯陆居民计算了示例价格。以下是他们对在周一下午或晚上，在充电功率为 7.4 千瓦的情况下，在市中心外充电三小时的估算：</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th>晚上 20:00 后</th>
<th>白天 09:00 至 20:00</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>在现货价格 * 为 1.29 克朗（0.11€）的情况下的能耗</td>
<td>28.6 克朗（2.51 €）</td>
<td>28.6 克朗（2.51€）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>每千瓦时 0.81 克朗的运营附加费</td>
<td>18 克朗（1.58 €）</td>
<td>18 克朗（1.58 €）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>市外停车费</td>
<td>0 克朗（0 €）</td>
<td>30 克朗（2.63 €）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>总价格</td>
<td>46.6 克朗（4.09 €）</td>
<td>76.6 克朗（6.72 €）</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>* 根据 Nord Pool，2025 年奥斯陆的平均现货价格。</p>
<p>elbil.no（挪威语）</p>

<p>奥斯陆，全球电动车之都，将于 2026 年秋季将其公共交流充电定价模式从基于时间的系统转变为基于消费的系统。这一变化旨在解决充电速度较慢的电动车车主所感受到的不利情况。新模型将根据实际能耗、运营成本和基于时间的停车费进行收费。市议会还在为持有停车许可证的居民寻找解决方案，以避免重复收费。过渡过程中将更新充电站的标识并进行技术测试</p>

<p>Norway has long been regarded as a pioneer in electric mobility, and its 2025 annual statistics further cement this reputation: an impressive 96 per cent of new cars registered last year were electric vehicles (EVs)—in Oslo, the share was even higher. Moreover, thanks to years of strong EV adoption in Norway, battery-electric cars have now surpassed diesel cars in the overall vehicle fleet. The implication is clear: those without a private charger must consistently rely on available public charging points.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>挪威长期以来被视为电动出行的先锋，其 2025 年的年度统计数据进一步巩固了这一声誉：去年注册的新车中，有令人印象深刻的 96% 是电动车（EV）——在奥斯陆，这一比例甚至更高。此外，得益于挪威多年来强劲的电动车普及，电池电动汽车现在在整体车辆车队中已超过柴油车。其含义很明确：没有私人充电桩的人必须持续依赖可用的公共充电点。</p>
</div><p>To ensure EVs vacate charging spots promptly after charging, Oslo previously relied on a time-based pricing model. In Germany, where metering regulations are strict, such models are now rare. However, in the early days of e-mobility, it was often unclear whether public charging was billed by time or energy consumption. Legally, only the latter is now permitted.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>为了确保电动车在充电后及时腾出充电位，奥斯陆之前依赖于基于时间的定价模型。在德国，由于计量法规严格，这种模型现在已经很少见。然而，在电动出行的早期阶段，公共充电是否按时间或能耗计费常常不清楚。从法律上讲，现在只允许后者。</p>
</div><h2>City council paves the way for pricing model change</h2>
<div class="lb-trans"><h2>市议会为定价模型变更铺平道路</h2>
</div><p>In Oslo, EV owners with slower-charging vehicles felt particularly disadvantaged by the existing system. The local Electric Car Association of Oslo and Akershus had long campaigned for a fairer, consumption-based model. Their efforts have now paid off: as announced by the Norwegian Electric Car Association, Oslo’s City Council this week approved a new, consumption-based pricing model, which is expected to take effect in autumn 2026.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>在奥斯陆，充电速度较慢的电动车车主感到现有系统特别不利。当地的奥斯陆和阿克什胡斯电动车协会长期以来一直在呼吁更公平的基于消费的模型。他们的努力现在得到了回报：根据挪威电动车协会的公告，奥斯陆市议会本周批准了一种新的基于消费的定价模型，预计将在 2026 年秋季生效。</p>
</div><p>“At last! We’ve been waiting for this for a long time,” says Per Maltun from the Electric Car Association of Oslo and Akershus. “There are many EV drivers in Oslo who don’t have their own parking space. For them, street charging is their home charging. We’ve received numerous complaints from members frustrated with the unfair pricing model.” Maltun believes the new model is a significant improvement: “The old model didn’t account for how much electricity the charging station actually delivered, putting slower-charging EVs at a disadvantage. With the new model, EV drivers pay based on the actual amount of energy delivered to their battery.”</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>“终于来了！我们等了很久，” 来自奥斯陆和阿克什胡斯电动车协会的 Per Maltun 说。“在奥斯陆，有很多电动车司机没有自己的停车位。对他们来说，街道充电就是他们的家庭充电。我们收到了许多成员对不公平定价模型感到沮丧的投诉。” Maltun 认为新模型是一个显著的改善：“旧模型没有考虑充电站实际提供的电量，使得充电速度较慢的电动车处于不利地位。通过新模型，电动车司机根据实际充入电池的能量支付费用。”</p>
</div><p>The new charging price will be calculated based on three components. The most important factor is the actual energy consumption in kilowatt-hours. This primary price component is based on the spot price the city pays for electricity and is updated daily. In addition, there is an operational cost fee (in 2025, this was 0.81 kroner per kWh, approximately 0.07 euros) and a third component: a time-based parking fee. The latter varies depending on when, how long, and where (city centre or outskirts) charging takes place.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>新的充电价格将基于三个组成部分进行计算。最重要的因素是实际的千瓦时能耗。这个主要价格组成部分基于城市为电力支付的现货价格，并每日更新。此外，还有一项运营成本费用（在 2025 年为每千瓦时 0.81 克朗，约合 0.07 欧元）和第三个组成部分：基于时间的停车费。后者根据充电发生的时间、持续时间和地点（市中心或郊区）而有所不同。</p>
</div><h2>Leaving charging station quickly saves on parking fees</h2>
<div class="lb-trans"><h2>快速离开充电站可节省停车费</h2>
</div><p>For the first five hours, the parking fee is set at 12 kroner per hour in the city centre and 10 kroner per hour outside it, approximately one euro and 90 cents, respectively. From the fifth hour onwards, the fee doubles. This applies between 09:00 and 20:00, Monday to Saturday. Outside these hours and on Sundays, the parking fee is waived. This system acts as an anti-idling measure but is more comprehensive, as it applies from the first hour of charging and decreases the sooner the vehicle is moved away from the charging station.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>在前五个小时内，市中心的停车费设定为每小时 12 克朗，市外为每小时 10 克朗，分别约合 1 欧元和 90 美分。从第五个小时开始，费用翻倍。这适用于周一至周六的 09:00 至 20:00。在这些时间之外和周日，停车费免除。该系统作为一种反闲置措施，但更为全面，因为它适用于充电的第一个小时，并且车辆越早离开充电站，费用越低。</p>
</div><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th><strong>Parking fee up to the 5th hour</strong></th>
<th><strong>Parking fee from the 5th hour</strong></th>
</tr>
</thead>
</table>
<div class="lb-trans"><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th><strong>前五小时停车费</strong></th>
<th><strong>第五小时后的停车费</strong></th>
</tr>
</thead>
</table>
</div><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>City centre between 09:00 and 20:00 (Monday – Saturday)</td>
<td>12 kr/hour</td>
<td>24 kr/hour</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Outside the city between 09:00 and 20:00 (Monday – Saturday)</td>
<td>10 kr/hour</td>
<td>20 kr/hour</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="lb-trans"><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>周一至周六 09:00 至 20:00 市中心</td>
<td>12 克朗/小时</td>
<td>24 克朗/小时</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>周一至周六 09:00 至 20:00 市外</td>
<td>10 克朗/小时</td>
<td>20 克朗/小时</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div><p>Source: Norsk elbilforening</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>来源：Norsk elbilforening</p>
</div><p>It has not yet been finalised how residents with parking permits will be treated. Since they pay a flat fee to be exempt from city parking charges, they would effectively be charged twice if the parking surcharge at charging stations were applied. The City Council has stated that it aims to find a solution where residents with parking permits are exempt from the parking fee when charging in their own neighbourhood. However, the means to implement this are currently lacking.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>尚未最终确定持有停车许可证的居民将如何处理。由于他们支付固定费用以免除城市停车费，如果在充电站收取停车附加费，他们实际上将被收取两次费用。市议会表示，旨在找到一种解决方案，使持有停车许可证的居民在自己所在社区充电时免除停车费。然而，目前缺乏实施的手段。</p>
</div><h2>Biggest effort lies in new signage</h2>
<div class="lb-trans"><h2>最大的努力在于新标识</h2>
</div><p>Regarding the timeline: “We currently expect a realistic start date to be autumn 2026,” said Sara Teige Kalsås, Mobility Advisor at Oslo’s Agency for Urban Environment, speaking to the Norwegian Electric Car Association. She estimates that the rollout will take around three months. The most time-consuming tasks will be updating the signage at all charging stations and conducting some technical tests. The charging stations themselves will require only minimal changes.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>关于时间表：“我们目前预计一个现实的开始日期是 2026 年秋季，” 奥斯陆城市环境局的出行顾问 Sara Teige Kalsås 在与挪威电动车协会的交谈中表示。她估计推广将需要大约三个月。最耗时的任务将是更新所有充电站的标识和进行一些技术测试。充电站本身只需进行最小的更改。</p>
</div><p>Meanwhile, the Electric Car Association has calculated example prices for Oslo residents. Here is their estimate for a vehicle charging outside the city centre on a Monday afternoon or evening for three hours at a charging power of 7.4 kilowatts:</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>与此同时，电动车协会为奥斯陆居民计算了示例价格。以下是他们对在周一下午或晚上，在充电功率为 7.4 千瓦的情况下，在市中心外充电三小时的估算：</p>
</div><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th>Evening after 20:00</th>
<th>Daytime between 09:00 and 20:00</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Energy consumption at a spot price* of 1.29 kr (0.11€)</td>
<td>28.6 kr (2.51 €)</td>
<td>28.6 kr (2.51€)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Operational surcharge of 0.81 kr per kWh</td>
<td>18 kr (1.58 €)</td>
<td>18 kr (1.58 €)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Parking fee outside the city</td>
<td>0 kr (0 €)</td>
<td>30 kr (2.63 €)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total price</td>
<td>46.6 kr (4.09 €)</td>
<td>76.6 kr (6.72 €)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="lb-trans"><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th>晚上 20:00 后</th>
<th>白天 09:00 至 20:00</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>在现货价格 * 为 1.29 克朗（0.11€）的情况下的能耗</td>
<td>28.6 克朗（2.51 €）</td>
<td>28.6 克朗（2.51€）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>每千瓦时 0.81 克朗的运营附加费</td>
<td>18 克朗（1.58 €）</td>
<td>18 克朗（1.58 €）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>市外停车费</td>
<td>0 克朗（0 €）</td>
<td>30 克朗（2.63 €）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>总价格</td>
<td>46.6 克朗（4.09 €）</td>
<td>76.6 克朗（6.72 €）</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div><p>*Average spot price in Oslo in 2025 according to Nord Pool.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>* 根据 Nord Pool，2025 年奥斯陆的平均现货价格。</p>
</div><p>elbil.no (in Norwegian)</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>elbil.no（挪威语）</p>
</div>

欧洲电动车之都奥斯陆调整交流充电的定价模式