<p>作者：特雷弗·哈尼卡特</p>
<p>华盛顿，2 月 24 日（路透社）——美国总统唐纳德·特朗普将在周二的国情咨文中向美国选民推销他动荡不安、打破常规的第二个任期，选民将在 11 月决定他的共和党是否继续控制国会。</p>
<p>以下是特朗普在任职 13 个月期间采取的主要政策和行动的列表。</p>
<h3>经济</h3>
<p>特朗普将在大多数美国人对他的经济处理方式表示不满的情况下为自己的经济政策辩护，而就在几天前，最高法院驳回了他利用紧急权力对盟友和其他国家征收关税的做法。</p>
<p>关税一直是特朗普第二任期的核心。他利用关税惩罚那些反对他政策的国家，并解决与中国等国的贸易不平衡问题。现在，他的团队正在努力寻找新的法律途径来维持这些关税。同时，他对所有国家的美国进口商品征收了 15% 的临时关税。</p>
<p>特朗普可能会夸耀他的重大立法成就：一项削减部分个人所得税的《一项美丽的大法案》。不太明确的是，他会给予前密切盟友埃隆·马斯克的政府效率部多少功劳，因为该部门缩减了联邦政府的工作人员规模。</p>
<p>共和党策略师将寻找特朗普可能改变他最近经济演讲中对抗性语气的迹象，在这些演讲中，他对因高生活成本而感到压力的美国人几乎没有提供任何保证，并将通货膨胀归咎于他的民主党前任乔·拜登。</p>
<p>选民对通货膨胀的沮丧帮助特朗普进入了白宫，但美国人对高物价仍然感到不满，并越来越不赞同特朗普对经济的处理。在最近几个月，特朗普多次宣称在与通货膨胀的斗争中取得了胜利，尽管政府数据显示价格压力仍然很高。</p>
<p>尽管在特朗普任内经济持续增长，但就业市场放缓，失业率有所上升。特朗普对美联储施加了前所未有的压力，要求其降低利率。</p>
<h3>战争与和平</h3>
<p>当特朗普走上讲台发表演讲时，美国似乎正处于与伊朗因其核计划而爆发公开冲突的边缘。</p>
<p>特朗普在中东增加了美国的军事存在，并警告称如果未能达成解决争端的协议，“将会发生非常糟糕的事情”。</p>
<p>美国人对中东的长期战争持谨慎态度，而特朗普过去更倾向于短期介入。特朗普对军事的创新使用包括去年 6 月轰炸伊朗的核设施、在国际水域打击涉嫌贩毒的加勒比船只、上个月逮捕委内瑞拉总统尼古拉斯·马杜罗，以及威胁要占领格林兰岛，这引发了对北约联盟未来的严重质疑。</p>
<p>特朗普自我塑造为和平总统，包括他在加沙战争中努力达成脆弱的停火协议，以及他的和平委员会专注于重建遭受破坏的巴勒斯坦飞地。</p>
<p>他多次声称在追求诺贝尔和平奖的过程中解决了八场战争，但这被广泛视为夸大其词，与一些冲突的实际情况相悖。在对基辅施加压力的几个月后，尽管发出了威胁，但很少执行，结束俄罗斯在乌克兰战争的和平协议仍然对他来说遥不可及。</p>
<h3>移民</h3>
<p>特朗普可能会在演讲中试图重建公众对其强硬移民政策的看法，因为公众对他打击非法移民的支持正在减弱。几乎没有哪个问题与特朗普的关系比移民更紧密，但随着联邦移民代理人与美国抗议者和活动家发生激烈冲突，并在明尼阿波利斯杀死两名美国公民，这一问题已成为负担。</p>
<p>特朗普在竞选时承诺发起几十年来最大的驱逐行动，并在 2025 年 1 月重新上任后立即下令进行大规模移民突袭。一些被驱逐的人并未被送回祖国，而是被送往以侵犯人权而闻名的第三国。特朗普的政策在很大程度上成功地遏制了穿越美国与墨西哥南部边界的移民潮。</p>
<h3>行政权力</h3>
<p>特朗普政府在很大程度上单方面追求这些目标，主导行政机构，退出国际论坛，忽视过去的规范。</p>
<p>它攻击被视为障碍的公民社会团体、活动家、地方官员、法官和记者。特朗普的大多数政策成就是通过行政行动实现的，这是一种美国总统曾经避免的以法令统治的方式，因为它绕过了国会。</p>
<p>特朗普还授予了数百项特赦，包括对所有因 2021 年 1 月 6 日攻击美国国会大厦而被控罪的人。</p>
<p>仅在今年，特朗普就利用行政命令和类似备忘录设定关税、推广草甘膦基除草剂、增加煤炭生产、阻止私募股权公司购买单户住宅，并指示委内瑞拉的石油收入。</p>
<p>总的来说，特朗普自上任以来签署了 240 项行政命令，是自二战时期富兰克林·D·罗斯福总统以来 13 个月内最多的。</p>
<h3>气候政策</h3>
<p>特朗普政府采取措施逆转拜登时代的气候法规以及清洁能源和电动车税收激励措施。它削弱了这些政策的法律基础，使未来任何政府在没有国会支持的情况下实施新规则变得更加困难。</p>
<p>去年，特朗普将美国撤出《巴黎协定》，以及基础的《联合国气候变化框架公约》，与伊朗、利比亚和也门一起成为异类。</p>
<p>特朗普政府还积极阻止风能和太阳能项目，包括那些几乎已完成的项目，采取了停止施工命令或延缓许可的措施。同时，政府放宽了清洁空气和水的法规，或免除煤电厂及石油和天然气基础设施遵守相关规定的要求。</p>
<h3>医疗保健</h3>
<p>全球十六家最大的制药公司与特朗普政府达成了 “最惠国” 协议，以换取免除美国关税，降低美国人的药品价格。根据这些协议，他们将降低政府医疗补助计划的价格，并通过政府运营的 TrumpRx 网站向现金支付的消费者提供优惠。</p>
<p>然而，数百万美国人在 2026 年面临更高的医疗保健成本，因为国会未能就如何恢复慷慨的 COVID 时代税收抵免达成一致。特朗普并不支持国会阻止税收抵免到期的举措。</p>
<p>国情咨文如何成为政治对抗的舞台</p>

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<p>美国总统唐纳德·特朗普即将在国情咨文演讲中向全国发表讲话，重点介绍他有争议的第二任期政策。他将为自己的经济管理辩护，尽管公众对此表示不满，并且最近的最高法院裁决影响了关税。特朗普旨在重塑人们对他移民政策和军事行动的看法，同时强调他的行政权力方法。他的政府因单边行动和处理各种冲突（包括与伊朗的紧张关系以及乌克兰的持续战争）而受到批评。这次演讲是在特朗普寻求在即将到来的选举中争取支持之际进行的</p>

<p>By Trevor Hunnicutt</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>作者：特雷弗·哈尼卡特</p>
</div><p>WASHINGTON, Feb 24 (Reuters) - U.S. President Donald Trump will use his State of the Union address on Tuesday to sell his turbulent, norm-breaking second term to American voters who will decide in November whether his Republican Party retains control of Congress.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>华盛顿，2 月 24 日（路透社）——美国总统唐纳德·特朗普将在周二的国情咨文中向美国选民推销他动荡不安、打破常规的第二个任期，选民将在 11 月决定他的共和党是否继续控制国会。</p>
</div><p>Here is a list of the major policies and actions Trump has taken during his 13 months in office.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>以下是特朗普在任职 13 个月期间采取的主要政策和行动的列表。</p>
</div><h3>THE ECONOMY</h3>
<div class="lb-trans"><h3>经济</h3>
</div><p>Trump will defend his handling of the economy at a time when most Americans disapprove of his approach and just days after the Supreme Court swatted down his use of emergency powers to levy tariffs on allies and other countries.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>特朗普将在大多数美国人对他的经济处理方式表示不满的情况下为自己的经济政策辩护，而就在几天前，最高法院驳回了他利用紧急权力对盟友和其他国家征收关税的做法。</p>
</div><p>Tariffs have been at the center of Trump’s second term. He has used them to punish countries that oppose his policies and address perceived trade imbalances with countries like China. Now, his team is scrambling to find new legal pathways to keep those tariffs on. In the meantime, he’s put a 15% temporary tariff on U.S. imports from all countries.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>关税一直是特朗普第二任期的核心。他利用关税惩罚那些反对他政策的国家，并解决与中国等国的贸易不平衡问题。现在，他的团队正在努力寻找新的法律途径来维持这些关税。同时，他对所有国家的美国进口商品征收了 15% 的临时关税。</p>
</div><p>Trump is likely to tout his major legislative accomplishment: the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, which cut some individual income taxes. Less clear is how much credit he will give former close ally Elon Musk’s Department of Government Efficiency for shrinking the size of the federal government workforce.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>特朗普可能会夸耀他的重大立法成就：一项削减部分个人所得税的《一项美丽的大法案》。不太明确的是，他会给予前密切盟友埃隆·马斯克的政府效率部多少功劳，因为该部门缩减了联邦政府的工作人员规模。</p>
</div><p>Republican strategists will look for signs that Trump might shift the combative tone of his recent economic speeches, where he has offered little assurance to Americans squeezed by high living costs and blamed inflation on his Democratic predecessor, Joe Biden.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>共和党策略师将寻找特朗普可能改变他最近经济演讲中对抗性语气的迹象，在这些演讲中，他对因高生活成本而感到压力的美国人几乎没有提供任何保证，并将通货膨胀归咎于他的民主党前任乔·拜登。</p>
</div><p>Voter frustration with inflation helped propel Trump into office, but Americans remain unhappy with high prices and increasingly disapprove of Trump’s handling of the economy. In recent months Trump has repeatedly declared victory in the fight against inflation, even as government data shows price pressures remain elevated.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>选民对通货膨胀的沮丧帮助特朗普进入了白宫，但美国人对高物价仍然感到不满，并越来越不赞同特朗普对经济的处理。在最近几个月，特朗普多次宣称在与通货膨胀的斗争中取得了胜利，尽管政府数据显示价格压力仍然很高。</p>
</div><p>While the economy has continued to grow under Trump, the job market has slowed and unemployment has edged up. Trump has launched an unprecedented pressure campaign on the Federal Reserve to lower interest rates.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>尽管在特朗普任内经济持续增长，但就业市场放缓，失业率有所上升。特朗普对美联储施加了前所未有的压力，要求其降低利率。</p>
</div><h3>WAR AND PEACE</h3>
<div class="lb-trans"><h3>战争与和平</h3>
</div><p>As Trump takes the dais for his address, the U.S. appears on the verge of open conflict with Iran over its nuclear program.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>当特朗普走上讲台发表演讲时，美国似乎正处于与伊朗因其核计划而爆发公开冲突的边缘。</p>
</div><p>Trump has built up the U.S. military presence in the Middle East and warned that “really bad things will happen” if no deal is reached to solve the dispute.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>特朗普在中东增加了美国的军事存在，并警告称如果未能达成解决争端的协议，“将会发生非常糟糕的事情”。</p>
</div><p>Americans are wary of a long war in the Middle East, and Trump has preferred short-term engagements in the past. Trump’s novel uses of the military have included bombing Iran’s nuclear facilities last June, striking alleged Caribbean drug boats in international waters, arresting Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro last month and threatening to seize Greenland, raising serious questions about the future of the NATO alliance.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>美国人对中东的长期战争持谨慎态度，而特朗普过去更倾向于短期介入。特朗普对军事的创新使用包括去年 6 月轰炸伊朗的核设施、在国际水域打击涉嫌贩毒的加勒比船只、上个月逮捕委内瑞拉总统尼古拉斯·马杜罗，以及威胁要占领格林兰岛，这引发了对北约联盟未来的严重质疑。</p>
</div><p>Trump has styled himself the peacemaking president, including his efforts to secure a fragile ceasefire deal in the Gaza war and his Board of Peace focused on rebuilding the devastated Palestinian enclave.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>特朗普自我塑造为和平总统，包括他在加沙战争中努力达成脆弱的停火协议，以及他的和平委员会专注于重建遭受破坏的巴勒斯坦飞地。</p>
</div><p>He has repeatedly claimed to have solved eight wars in his pursuit of a Nobel Peace Prize, but that is widely viewed as exaggerated and contrary to the facts on the ground in some of the conflicts. After months of alternately pressuring Kyiv while issuing - but rarely enforcing - threats against Moscow, a peace deal to end Russia’s war in Ukraine continues to elude him.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>他多次声称在追求诺贝尔和平奖的过程中解决了八场战争，但这被广泛视为夸大其词，与一些冲突的实际情况相悖。在对基辅施加压力的几个月后，尽管发出了威胁，但很少执行，结束俄罗斯在乌克兰战争的和平协议仍然对他来说遥不可及。</p>
</div><h3>IMMIGRATION</h3>
<div class="lb-trans"><h3>移民</h3>
</div><p>Trump may look to rebuild public perception of his hardline immigration policies in the speech amid softening public support for his crackdown on illegal immigration. Few issues are more closely tied to Trump than immigration, but it has become a liability as masked federal immigration agents have clashed violently with U.S. protesters and activists and killed two U.S. citizens in Minneapolis.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>特朗普可能会在演讲中试图重建公众对其强硬移民政策的看法，因为公众对他打击非法移民的支持正在减弱。几乎没有哪个问题与特朗普的关系比移民更紧密，但随着联邦移民代理人与美国抗议者和活动家发生激烈冲突，并在明尼阿波利斯杀死两名美国公民，这一问题已成为负担。</p>
</div><p>Trump campaigned on launching the biggest deportation drive in decades and ordered sweeping immigration raids immediately after returning to office in January 2025. Some of those deported have not been returned to their homelands but instead sent to third countries known for human rights abuses. Trump’s policies have succeeded in largely stemming the flow of migrants crossing the U.S. southern border with Mexico.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>特朗普在竞选时承诺发起几十年来最大的驱逐行动，并在 2025 年 1 月重新上任后立即下令进行大规模移民突袭。一些被驱逐的人并未被送回祖国，而是被送往以侵犯人权而闻名的第三国。特朗普的政策在很大程度上成功地遏制了穿越美国与墨西哥南部边界的移民潮。</p>
</div><h3>EXECUTIVE POWER</h3>
<div class="lb-trans"><h3>行政权力</h3>
</div><p>The Trump administration has pursued these goals largely unilaterally, dominating executive agencies, withdrawing from international forums and ignoring past norms.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>特朗普政府在很大程度上单方面追求这些目标，主导行政机构，退出国际论坛，忽视过去的规范。</p>
</div><p>It has attacked civil society groups, activists, local officials, judges and journalists seen as obstacles. Most of Trump’s policy accomplishments were executive actions, a kind of rule-by-fiat approach that U.S. presidents once avoided because they bypass Congress.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>它攻击被视为障碍的公民社会团体、活动家、地方官员、法官和记者。特朗普的大多数政策成就是通过行政行动实现的，这是一种美国总统曾经避免的以法令统治的方式，因为它绕过了国会。</p>
</div><p>Trump has also granted hundreds of pardons, including for all of those charged with offenses in connection with the January 6, 2021, attack on the U.S. Capitol.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>特朗普还授予了数百项特赦，包括对所有因 2021 年 1 月 6 日攻击美国国会大厦而被控罪的人。</p>
</div><p>This year alone, Trump has used executive orders and similar memos to set tariffs, promote glyphosate-based herbicides, boost coal production, discourage private equity firms from buying single-family homes and direct Venezuelan oil revenue.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>仅在今年，特朗普就利用行政命令和类似备忘录设定关税、推广草甘膦基除草剂、增加煤炭生产、阻止私募股权公司购买单户住宅，并指示委内瑞拉的石油收入。</p>
</div><p>In all, Trump has signed 240 executive orders since taking office, the most in 13 months since the World War Two-era presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>总的来说，特朗普自上任以来签署了 240 项行政命令，是自二战时期富兰克林·D·罗斯福总统以来 13 个月内最多的。</p>
</div><h3>CLIMATE POLICY</h3>
<div class="lb-trans"><h3>气候政策</h3>
</div><p>The Trump administration has taken steps to reverse Biden-era climate regulations as well as clean energy and EV tax incentives. It has chipped away at the legal foundation for these policies to make it harder for any future administration to implement new rules without congressional support.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>特朗普政府采取措施逆转拜登时代的气候法规以及清洁能源和电动车税收激励措施。它削弱了这些政策的法律基础，使未来任何政府在没有国会支持的情况下实施新规则变得更加困难。</p>
</div><p>Trump last year removed the United States from the Paris Agreement, as well as the underlying U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change - joining Iran, Libya and Yemen as outliers.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>去年，特朗普将美国撤出《巴黎协定》，以及基础的《联合国气候变化框架公约》，与伊朗、利比亚和也门一起成为异类。</p>
</div><p>The Trump administration has also aggressively worked to block wind and solar energy projects, including those that have nearly been completed, by issuing stop-work orders or slowing down permitting. The administration has meanwhile eased clean air and water regulations or exempted coal plants or oil and gas infrastructure from complying with rules.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>特朗普政府还积极阻止风能和太阳能项目，包括那些几乎已完成的项目，采取了停止施工命令或延缓许可的措施。同时，政府放宽了清洁空气和水的法规，或免除煤电厂及石油和天然气基础设施遵守相关规定的要求。</p>
</div><h3>HEALTHCARE</h3>
<div class="lb-trans"><h3>医疗保健</h3>
</div><p>Sixteen of the largest global drugmakers have struck “most-favored nation” deals with the Trump administration to cut drug prices for Americans in exchange for exemptions from U.S. tariffs. Under those agreements, they will lower prices for the government’s Medicaid program and, via the government-run TrumpRx website, to cash-paying consumers.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>全球十六家最大的制药公司与特朗普政府达成了 “最惠国” 协议，以换取免除美国关税，降低美国人的药品价格。根据这些协议，他们将降低政府医疗补助计划的价格，并通过政府运营的 TrumpRx 网站向现金支付的消费者提供优惠。</p>
</div><p>Millions of Americans, however, are facing higher healthcare costs in 2026 after Congress failed to agree on how to reinstate generous COVID-era tax credits. Trump did not support congressional moves to stop the tax credits from expiring.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>然而，数百万美国人在 2026 年面临更高的医疗保健成本，因为国会未能就如何恢复慷慨的 COVID 时代税收抵免达成一致。特朗普并不支持国会阻止税收抵免到期的举措。</p>
</div><p>How the State of the Union became a stage for political confrontation</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>国情咨文如何成为政治对抗的舞台</p>
</div>

FACTBOX-A year of upheaval sets the stage for Trump’s State of the Union address

- 特朗普在国情咨文中将推销其波折的第二任期。  
- 经济处理和高通胀令选民不满，特朗普面临压力。  
- 移民政策遭遇反对，执行权也被广泛应用。

事实框：动荡的一年为特朗普的国情咨文演讲铺平了道路