<p>纽约，3 月 9 日（路透社）——美国司法部已同意解决对土耳其国有贷款机构 Halkbank 的长期刑事起诉，该机构被指控帮助伊朗规避美国经济制裁，司法部在周一的法庭文件中表示。</p>
<p>延期起诉协议要求 Halkbank 聘请反洗钱和合规专家，并禁止其进行任何有利于伊朗的交易，美国政府在法庭文件中表示。</p>
<p>结束这一长期案件，土耳其总统雷杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安曾称其为不合法和 “丑陋”，这缓解了美国与土耳其之间的主要摩擦点，随着唐纳德·特朗普重返白宫，北约盟国享受着数十年来最佳的关系。</p>
<p>2019 年，在特朗普的第一任期内，检察官指控 Halkbank 欺诈、洗钱和共谋，指其通过在伊朗、土耳其和阿联酋使用货币服务商和空壳公司帮助伊朗规避美国经济制裁。Halkbank 对这些指控表示不认罪。</p>
<p>Halkbank 在伊斯坦布尔交易所的股票收盘上涨 10%，这是该交易所允许的最大日涨幅。此案与当前美国 - 以色列对伊朗的打击无关。</p>
<p>检察官表示，该银行秘密转移了 200 亿美元的受限资金，将石油收入转化为黄金和现金，以惠及伊朗利益，并伪造食品运输单据以证明石油收益的转移。</p>
<p>延期起诉协议允许被告在满足各种条件的情况下避免刑事指控，通常持续几个月或几年。政府在被告遵守后撤销案件。</p>
<p>与认罪协议不同，延期起诉协议不要求被告认罪，法官通常没有审查它们的自由裁量权。</p>
<p>“法院无法实质性审查和拒绝延期起诉协议，” 梅瑟大学法学院教授卡勒布·拜亚尔斯表示。“除非法院做出不符合先例的事情，否则实际上没有自由裁量权接受它。”</p>
<p>美国地区法官理查德·伯曼在书面命令中表示，他将在周三的预定听证会上询问双方律师关于他们的延期起诉协议。</p>
<p>Halkbank 拒绝置评。</p>
<p>若干相关刑事案件</p>
<p>延期起诉协议是在美国最高法院于 2025 年 10 月维持联邦上诉法院的裁决后宣布的，该裁决允许起诉继续进行。</p>
<p>在与特朗普会晤后，埃尔多安表示希望此次会晤能解决两国之间的各种问题。</p>
<p>土耳其总统表示，特朗普在白宫和随后的电话中告诉他，“Halkbank 问题对我们来说已经结束。”</p>
<p>两位消息人士告诉路透社，土耳其官员在两国领导人在白宫会晤期间提议以约 1 亿美元解决此案。</p>
<p>Halkbank 的案件是若干相关刑事案件的延伸，包括针对土耳其 - 伊朗黄金交易商雷扎·扎拉布和前 Halkbank 高管梅赫梅特·哈坎·阿蒂拉的案件。</p>
<p>扎拉布在 2017 年对银行欺诈、洗钱和共谋指控认罪，但尚未被判刑。</p>
<p>他对阿蒂拉作证，阿蒂拉在 2018 年因银行欺诈和共谋指控被定罪。阿蒂拉在服完 32 个月的刑期后于 2019 年返回土耳其。他否认有不当行为。</p>
<p>Halkbank 的案件在美国法院经历了曲折的过程。</p>
<p>伯曼在 2020 年最初裁定 Halkbank 不应享有起诉豁免权。</p>
<p>次年，曼哈顿第二巡回上诉法院维持了该裁决，但理由不同。法院表示，Halkbank 可以根据 1976 年的《外国主权豁免法》被起诉，因为其被指控的不当行为涉及不受该法律保护的商业活动。</p>
<p>在 2023 年，美国最高法院暂时撤销了起诉，尽管同意国会希望保护外国国家及其机构免于民事责任并不涵盖刑事案件。相反，法院命令第二巡回法院更彻底地审查根据几个世纪以来的普通法是否保护 Halkbank 的豁免权。</p>
<p>上诉法院在 2024 年 10 月发现没有这样的保护，促使 Halkbank 进行第二次最高法院上诉。特朗普政府辩称，普通法不保护外国国有公司免受刑事起诉。</p>
<p>（纽约的乔纳森·斯坦佩尔和卢克·科恩报道；伊斯坦布尔的埃布鲁·图恩查伊补充报道；千寿·野宫和大卫·加芬编辑）</p>

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<p>美国司法部与土耳其的哈克银行（Halkbank）达成了一项延期起诉协议，解决了该银行协助伊朗规避美国制裁的指控。该协议要求哈克银行聘请反洗钱专家，并禁止与伊朗有利的交易。这一解决方案缓解了美国与土耳其之间的紧张关系，改善了双边关系。公告发布后，哈克银行的股价上涨了 10%。此案的历史复杂，涉及多个相关的刑事案件和上诉，最高法院在达成该协议之前允许检方继续起诉</p>

<p>NEW YORK, March 9 (Reuters) - The U.S. Justice Department has agreed to resolve its long-running criminal prosecution of Turkish state-run lender Halkbank for allegedly helping Iran evade American economic sanctions, the department said in a court filing on Monday.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>纽约，3 月 9 日（路透社）——美国司法部已同意解决对土耳其国有贷款机构 Halkbank 的长期刑事起诉，该机构被指控帮助伊朗规避美国经济制裁，司法部在周一的法庭文件中表示。</p>
</div><p>The deferred prosecution agreement calls for Halkbank to hire an anti-money laundering and compliance expert and forbids it from conducting any transactions to benefit Iran, the U.S. government said in its court filing.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>延期起诉协议要求 Halkbank 聘请反洗钱和合规专家，并禁止其进行任何有利于伊朗的交易，美国政府在法庭文件中表示。</p>
</div><p>Ending the long-running case, which Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan once called unlawful and &#34;ugly,&#34; relieves one of the main irritants between the U.S. and Turkey, as the NATO allies enjoy their best ties in decades following Donald Trump's return to the White House.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>结束这一长期案件，土耳其总统雷杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安曾称其为不合法和 “丑陋”，这缓解了美国与土耳其之间的主要摩擦点，随着唐纳德·特朗普重返白宫，北约盟国享受着数十年来最佳的关系。</p>
</div><p>In 2019, during Trump's first term, prosecutors charged Halkbank with fraud, money laundering and conspiracy for allegedly helping Iran evade American economic sanctions by using money servicers and front companies in Iran, Turkey and the United Arab Emirates. Halkbank pleaded not guilty.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>2019 年，在特朗普的第一任期内，检察官指控 Halkbank 欺诈、洗钱和共谋，指其通过在伊朗、土耳其和阿联酋使用货币服务商和空壳公司帮助伊朗规避美国经济制裁。Halkbank 对这些指控表示不认罪。</p>
</div><p>Halkbank's Istanbul-traded shares closed up 10%, that exchange's maximum permitted daily increase. The case has nothing to do with the current U.S.-Israeli strikes on Iran.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>Halkbank 在伊斯坦布尔交易所的股票收盘上涨 10%，这是该交易所允许的最大日涨幅。此案与当前美国 - 以色列对伊朗的打击无关。</p>
</div><p>Prosecutors said the bank secretly transferred $20 billion of restricted funds, converted oil revenue into gold and cash to benefit Iranian interests and documented fake food shipments to justify transfers of oil proceeds.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>检察官表示，该银行秘密转移了 200 亿美元的受限资金，将石油收入转化为黄金和现金，以惠及伊朗利益，并伪造食品运输单据以证明石油收益的转移。</p>
</div><p>Deferred prosecution agreements let defendants avoid criminal charges if they meet various conditions, typically over several months or a few years. The government dismisses cases after the defendants comply.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>延期起诉协议允许被告在满足各种条件的情况下避免刑事指控，通常持续几个月或几年。政府在被告遵守后撤销案件。</p>
</div><p>Unlike plea agreements, deferred prosecution agreements do not require defendants to plead guilty, and judges generally lack discretion to review them.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>与认罪协议不同，延期起诉协议不要求被告认罪，法官通常没有审查它们的自由裁量权。</p>
</div><p>&#34;Courts cannot substantively review and reject deferred prosecution agreements,&#34; said Kaleb Byars, a professor at Mercer University School of Law. &#34;The court really has no discretion but to accept it unless it does something that is not supported by precedent.&#34;</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>“法院无法实质性审查和拒绝延期起诉协议，” 梅瑟大学法学院教授卡勒布·拜亚尔斯表示。“除非法院做出不符合先例的事情，否则实际上没有自由裁量权接受它。”</p>
</div><p>U.S. District Judge Richard Berman said in a written order that he will ask lawyers representing both sides about their deferred prosecution agreement at a previously scheduled hearing on Wednesday.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>美国地区法官理查德·伯曼在书面命令中表示，他将在周三的预定听证会上询问双方律师关于他们的延期起诉协议。</p>
</div><p>Halkbank declined to comment.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>Halkbank 拒绝置评。</p>
</div><p>SEVERAL RELATED CRIMINAL CASES</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>若干相关刑事案件</p>
</div><p>The deferred prosecution agreement was announced after the U.S. Supreme Court in October 2025 let stand a federal appeals court decision that let the prosecution proceed.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>延期起诉协议是在美国最高法院于 2025 年 10 月维持联邦上诉法院的裁决后宣布的，该裁决允许起诉继续进行。</p>
</div><p>After meeting with Trump in September, Erdogan expressed hope that the meeting would resolve various issues between the countries.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>在与特朗普会晤后，埃尔多安表示希望此次会晤能解决两国之间的各种问题。</p>
</div><p>The Turkish president said Trump told him at the White House and in a subsequent phone call that &#34;the Halkbank problem is finished for us.&#34;</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>土耳其总统表示，特朗普在白宫和随后的电话中告诉他，“Halkbank 问题对我们来说已经结束。”</p>
</div><p>Turkish officials had proposed resolving the case for some $100 million during the meeting between the two leaders at the White House, two sources told Reuters in October.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>两位消息人士告诉路透社，土耳其官员在两国领导人在白宫会晤期间提议以约 1 亿美元解决此案。</p>
</div><p>Halkbank's case was an outgrowth of several related criminal cases, including those against Turkish-Iranian gold trader Reza Zarrab and former Halkbank executive Mehmet Hakan Atilla.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>Halkbank 的案件是若干相关刑事案件的延伸，包括针对土耳其 - 伊朗黄金交易商雷扎·扎拉布和前 Halkbank 高管梅赫梅特·哈坎·阿蒂拉的案件。</p>
</div><p>Zarrab pleaded guilty to bank fraud, money laundering and conspiracy charges in 2017, but has not been sentenced.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>扎拉布在 2017 年对银行欺诈、洗钱和共谋指控认罪，但尚未被判刑。</p>
</div><p>He testified against Atilla, who was convicted in 2018 of bank fraud and conspiracy charges. Atilla returned to Turkey in 2019 after serving most of a 32-month prison term. He has denied wrongdoing.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>他对阿蒂拉作证，阿蒂拉在 2018 年因银行欺诈和共谋指控被定罪。阿蒂拉在服完 32 个月的刑期后于 2019 年返回土耳其。他否认有不当行为。</p>
</div><p>Halkbank's case has taken a circuitous path through the U.S. courts.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>Halkbank 的案件在美国法院经历了曲折的过程。</p>
</div><p>Berman originally ruled in 2020 that Halkbank did not deserve immunity from prosecution.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>伯曼在 2020 年最初裁定 Halkbank 不应享有起诉豁免权。</p>
</div><p>The following year, the 2nd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in Manhattan upheld that ruling but on different grounds. It said Halkbank could be prosecuted under the federal Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act of 1976, because its alleged misconduct involved commercial activity not covered by that law.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>次年，曼哈顿第二巡回上诉法院维持了该裁决，但理由不同。法院表示，Halkbank 可以根据 1976 年的《外国主权豁免法》被起诉，因为其被指控的不当行为涉及不受该法律保护的商业活动。</p>
</div><p>In 2023, the U.S. Supreme Court temporarily voided the prosecution, despite agreeing that Congress' desire to shield foreign countries and their instrumentalities from civil liability did not cover criminal cases. Instead, it ordered the 2nd Circuit to more thoroughly review whether immunity under centuries-old common law shielded Halkbank.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>在 2023 年，美国最高法院暂时撤销了起诉，尽管同意国会希望保护外国国家及其机构免于民事责任并不涵盖刑事案件。相反，法院命令第二巡回法院更彻底地审查根据几个世纪以来的普通法是否保护 Halkbank 的豁免权。</p>
</div><p>The appeals court found no such shield in October 2024, prompting Halkbank's second Supreme Court appeal. The Trump administration argued that the common law does not shield foreign state-owned companies from criminal prosecution.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>上诉法院在 2024 年 10 月发现没有这样的保护，促使 Halkbank 进行第二次最高法院上诉。特朗普政府辩称，普通法不保护外国国有公司免受刑事起诉。</p>
</div><p>(Reporting by Jonathan Stempel and Luc Cohen in New York; Additional reporting by Ebru Tuncay in Istanbul; Editing by Chizu Nomiyama and David Gaffen)</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>（纽约的乔纳森·斯坦佩尔和卢克·科恩报道；伊斯坦布尔的埃布鲁·图恩查伊补充报道；千寿·野宫和大卫·加芬编辑）</p>
</div>

土耳其的 Halkbank 与美国司法部达成协议以解决刑事指控