<p>河内——越南在寻求在未来一段时间内保持强劲的出口表现时，面临着机遇与挑战。日益增加的技术壁垒、越来越严格的质量标准、可追溯性要求以及社会责任期望，为该国的进出口行业带来了新的压力。</p>
<p>在全球贸易复杂的背景下，工业和贸易部决心保持 15% 至 16% 的出口增长，同时维持约 230 亿美元的贸易顺差，以为实现今年及未来的两位数 GDP 增长做出重要贡献。</p>
<p><strong>前方挑战重重</strong></p>
<p>越南的水产品出口去年达到了创纪录的 113 亿美元，今年前两个月继续增长，同比增长 20%，达到 17 亿美元。然而，该行业面临多重挑战。</p>
<p>越南水产品出口商和生产者协会（VASEP）副秘书长黎恒强调了由于中东冲突导致的物流成本上升的影响。水产品出口严重依赖海运，受到通过非洲的航线转移的影响，这使得送往欧洲和美国东海岸的交货时间延长了一到两周，从而增加了成本。保险公司也拒绝为高风险的中东航线提供保险，而包装和加工材料的成本正在飙升。</p>
<p>此外，该行业还必须应对对虾和_鳜鱼_等关键产品的贸易保护措施和关税。自 1 月以来，美国已禁止来自十二个未被认定为等效的渔场的海鲜，依据《海洋哺乳动物保护法》。在 2 月，美国发布了对虾反倾销税第 19 次行政复审的最终结果，对两家越南公司征收近 26% 的关税，对未审查的公司征收超过 4.5% 的关税，导致当月对美国的虾出口下降了 60%。</p>
<p>与阿联酋的贸易也面临波动。去年双边贸易超过 65 亿美元，越南的出口额比进口额多出近 50 亿美元。越南 - 阿联酋全面经济伙伴关系协议（CEPA）于 2 月 3 日生效，最初在今年前两个月将出口提升至近 10 亿美元。然而，持续的中东冲突带来了物流中断、燃料价格波动和生产成本上升，可能影响竞争力和关键农产品出口，如香料和新鲜水果。</p>
<p><strong>拓展市场，减少依赖</strong></p>
<p>越南的纺织和服装行业是一个主要的出口部门，向约 130 个国家出口产品，但严重依赖美国、欧盟、日本、韩国和中国，这些国家占出口的近 90%。越南纺织和服装协会（VITAS）副会长兼秘书长张文锦呼吁工业和贸易部帮助企业开拓新的高潜力市场，并加强原材料和辅助投入的供应链。提升国内生产能力对于充分受益于自由贸易协定至关重要。</p>
<p>VASEP 还建议将水产品的市场多样化，超越传统目的地如美国和欧盟，拓展到巴西、南美和南亚等地区，同时通过海外贸易办事处促进越南出口商。提供及时的市场信息和预警将帮助企业规划生产，并主动应对贸易挑战。</p>
<p>越南对外贸易局局长阮英山强调，工业和贸易部将密切关注市场动态，并与相关机构协调，有效指导出口商。——越南新闻社</p>

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越南 ETF - VanEck Vectors

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<p>越南正努力保持 15-16% 的出口增长和 230 亿美元的贸易顺差，尽管面临日益增加的技术壁垒和物流挑战。水产品行业去年出口额达到 113 亿美元，但由于中东冲突影响航运路线以及美国对虾类产品征收的关税，成本有所上升。纺织行业高度依赖主要市场，受到敦促探索新市场并加强供应链。工业和贸易部承诺将密切关注市场动态，并有效指导出口商</p>

<p>HÀ NỘI — Việt Nam is facing both opportunities and challenges as it seeks to sustain strong export performance in the coming period. Rising technical barriers, increasingly stringent quality standards, traceability requirements, and social responsibility expectations are creating new pressures for the country’s import-export sector.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>河内——越南在寻求在未来一段时间内保持强劲的出口表现时，面临着机遇与挑战。日益增加的技术壁垒、越来越严格的质量标准、可追溯性要求以及社会责任期望，为该国的进出口行业带来了新的压力。</p>
</div><p>Against the complex backdrop of global trade, the Ministry of Industry and Trade is determined to maintain export growth of 15–16 per cent while sustaining a trade surplus of around US$23 billion to make a significant contribution to achieving double-digit GDP growth this year and beyond.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>在全球贸易复杂的背景下，工业和贸易部决心保持 15% 至 16% 的出口增长，同时维持约 230 亿美元的贸易顺差，以为实现今年及未来的两位数 GDP 增长做出重要贡献。</p>
</div><p><strong>Numerous challenges ahead</strong></p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p><strong>前方挑战重重</strong></p>
</div><p>Việt Nam’s aquatic product exports reached a record $11.3 billion last year, and growth continued into the first two months of this year with a 20 per cent year-on-year increase to $1.7 billion. Nevertheless, the sector faces multiple challenges.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>越南的水产品出口去年达到了创纪录的 113 亿美元，今年前两个月继续增长，同比增长 20%，达到 17 亿美元。然而，该行业面临多重挑战。</p>
</div><p>Lê Hằng, Deputy Secretary General of the Vietnam Association of Seafood Exporters and Producers (VASEP), highlighted the impact of rising logistics costs due to Middle East conflict. Aquatic product exports, heavily reliant on maritime transport, are affected by diverted shipping routes via Africa, which extend delivery times to Europe and the US East Coast by one to two weeks, thus increasing costs. Insurers have also refused coverage for high-risk Middle East routes, while packaging and processing material costs are soaring.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>越南水产品出口商和生产者协会（VASEP）副秘书长黎恒强调了由于中东冲突导致的物流成本上升的影响。水产品出口严重依赖海运，受到通过非洲的航线转移的影响，这使得送往欧洲和美国东海岸的交货时间延长了一到两周，从而增加了成本。保险公司也拒绝为高风险的中东航线提供保险，而包装和加工材料的成本正在飙升。</p>
</div><p>Additionally, the sector must navigate trade defence measures and tariffs on key products such as shrimp and <em>tra</em> fish. Since January, the US has banned seafood from twelve fisheries that were not recognised as equivalent under the Marine Mammal Protection Act. In February, the US issued final results of the 19th administrative review of anti-dumping duties on shrimp, imposing nearly 26 per cent tariffs on two Vietnamese firms and over 4.5 per cent on non-reviewed companies, causing a 60 per cent drop in shrimp exports to the US that month.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>此外，该行业还必须应对对虾和_鳜鱼_等关键产品的贸易保护措施和关税。自 1 月以来，美国已禁止来自十二个未被认定为等效的渔场的海鲜，依据《海洋哺乳动物保护法》。在 2 月，美国发布了对虾反倾销税第 19 次行政复审的最终结果，对两家越南公司征收近 26% 的关税，对未审查的公司征收超过 4.5% 的关税，导致当月对美国的虾出口下降了 60%。</p>
</div><p>Trade with the UAE is also subject to volatility. Bilateral trade reached over $6.5 billion last year, with Việt Nam exporting nearly $5 billion more than it imported. The Việt Nam-UAE Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA), effective February 3, initially boosted exports to almost $1 billion in the first two months of this year. However, the ongoing Middle East conflict poses logistical disruptions, fuel price volatility, and production cost increases, potentially affecting competitiveness and key agricultural exports such as spices and fresh fruits.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>与阿联酋的贸易也面临波动。去年双边贸易超过 65 亿美元，越南的出口额比进口额多出近 50 亿美元。越南 - 阿联酋全面经济伙伴关系协议（CEPA）于 2 月 3 日生效，最初在今年前两个月将出口提升至近 10 亿美元。然而，持续的中东冲突带来了物流中断、燃料价格波动和生产成本上升，可能影响竞争力和关键农产品出口，如香料和新鲜水果。</p>
</div><p><strong>Expanding markets, reducing dependence</strong></p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p><strong>拓展市场，减少依赖</strong></p>
</div><p>Việt Nam’s textile and garment industry, a major export sector, ships products to around 130 countries but relies heavily on the US, EU, Japan, the Republic of Korea, and China, which account for nearly 90 per cent of exports. Vice President and General Secretary of the Vietnam Textile and Apparel Association (VITAS) Trương Văn Cẩm urged the ministry to help businesses explore new, high-potential markets and strengthen supply chains for raw materials and auxiliary inputs. Enhancing domestic production capacity is essential to fully benefit from free trade agreements.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>越南的纺织和服装行业是一个主要的出口部门，向约 130 个国家出口产品，但严重依赖美国、欧盟、日本、韩国和中国，这些国家占出口的近 90%。越南纺织和服装协会（VITAS）副会长兼秘书长张文锦呼吁工业和贸易部帮助企业开拓新的高潜力市场，并加强原材料和辅助投入的供应链。提升国内生产能力对于充分受益于自由贸易协定至关重要。</p>
</div><p>VASEP also recommended diversifying markets for aquatic products beyond traditional destinations like the US and EU to regions such as Brazil, South America, and South Asia, while promoting Vietnamese exporters through overseas trade offices. Providing timely market information and early warnings will help businesses plan production and respond proactively to trade challenges.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>VASEP 还建议将水产品的市场多样化，超越传统目的地如美国和欧盟，拓展到巴西、南美和南亚等地区，同时通过海外贸易办事处促进越南出口商。提供及时的市场信息和预警将帮助企业规划生产，并主动应对贸易挑战。</p>
</div><p>Nguyễn Anh Sơn, Director of the Agency for Foreign Trade, emphasised that the Ministry of Industry and Trade will closely monitor market developments and coordinate with related agencies to guide exporters effectively. — VNS</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>越南对外贸易局局长阮英山强调，工业和贸易部将密切关注市场动态，并与相关机构协调，有效指导出口商。——越南新闻社</p>
</div>

Effective measures essential to maintain momentum in export growth

- 越南面临出口增长 15%-16% 的目标，但面临多重挑战与机遇。  
- 水产品出口去年达 113 亿美元，今年增长 20%，但物流成本上升影响严重。  
- 建议探索新市场，减少对传统市场的依赖，提高出口竞争力。

采取有效措施对于保持出口增长的势头至关重要