<p>[东京] 日本对中东铝的依赖迫使企业削减生产，并在关键航运路线因伊朗冲突被切断后，争相寻找替代供应来源。</p>
<p>受影响最严重的包括丰田汽车和电装等汽车及零部件制造商。根据日本最大的汽车行业协会，国内汽车制造商约 70% 的铝进口来自中东。自 2 月底冲突开始以来，这种轻合金的价格已上涨约 13%。</p>
<p>“虽然只有一个月，但几乎可以肯定我们很快就会在制造汽车零部件方面遇到困难，” 加藤轻金属工业的首席执行官加藤大树在 3 月底的采访中表示。“我们将更加谨慎地支出并节约能源。”</p>
<p>随着中东最大的铝生产商预测恢复全面生产至少需要一年，日本正处于可能演变为长期全球铝短缺的前沿。摩根大通的分析师上周警告称，行业已进入一个 “黑洞”，难以轻易恢复。即使达成和平协议，霍尔木兹海峡重新开放，航运恢复正常水平仍可能需要数月时间。</p>
<p>根据日本铝业协会，日本在 2025 年从中东进口了约 59 万吨铝，占其总供应的约 30%。美国的铝进口量超过日本，但由于美国公司大部分供应来自国内和加拿大，因此并不面临铝短缺的危险，彭博情报表示。</p>
<p>根据标准普尔全球分析师西本雅俊的说法，日本是最容易受到铝短缺影响的国家。东南亚、中国和韩国也是面临 “最大风险” 的国家之一。</p>
<p>战争不仅减少了霍尔木兹海峡的航运，而且阿布扎比和巴林的关键铝冶炼厂在冲突初期受到损坏，因为伊朗对其地区邻国进行了攻击，以回应美国和以色列的袭击。</p>
<p>受到影响的一家公司是加藤轻金属。该公司位于爱知县，生产各种铝制品，主要用于建筑或汽车。</p>
<p>它每月进口约 400 吨铝，分别来自迪拜和澳大利亚约 200 吨。尽管来自中东的交付已停止，但该公司表示，库存足够维持到 5 月。此后，它计划从东南亚的供应商处购买铝。</p>
<p>此外，丰田的供应商电装及其附属公司在 3 月底表示，已将每月产量减少约 20,000 台，导致了可观的损失。</p>
<p>即使战争结束，该地区的供应限制可能仍会持续数月，因为冶炼厂需要时间恢复运营，航运公司也在努力疏通困在波斯湾的数百艘船只的瓶颈。</p>
<p>日本的大多数公司通常会保持约两个月的零部件或原材料库存。这意味着许多公司可能会在本月底或 5 月初开始遭受干扰。</p>
<p>丰田的发言人拒绝就铝或即将到来的供应短缺发表评论，但表示他们正在监测情况。日产汽车表示，公司正在 “采取适当措施，包括调整我们的生产和物流运营”。</p>
<p>“冲突开始影响交付和供应，” 日本汽车制造商协会主席及丰田前首席执行官佐藤浩二表示。</p>
<p>铝是仅次于钢铁的最常用金属。它更轻且散热性能更好，是活塞、气缸盖等发动机部件以及车身面板和合金轮毂的关键组成部分。它还用于电子产品、建筑材料、啤酒罐和薯片袋等各种产品。</p>
<p>供应中断可能导致公司某些专业产品的短缺，迫使工厂暂时停工。战争拖得越久，供应链恢复所需的时间就越长，生产完全停滞的风险也随之增加。</p>
<p>“制造商开始寻求替代品，因为他们的库存开始枯竭，” 日本铝业协会的饭田浩二表示。“这是一个极其困难的局面，中小企业的担忧很高。” 彭博社</p>

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丰田汽车

<p>日本的铝供应受到伊朗持续冲突的严重影响，迫使制造商，特别是汽车行业，减少生产并寻求替代来源。像丰田和电装这样的公司面临重大挑战，自 2 月底以来铝价上涨了 13%。分析师警告称，全球短缺可能会持续，因为中东的主要航运路线和炼油厂受到干扰。日本对中东铝的高度依赖可能会导致严重的供应限制，从而导致潜在的工厂停产和中小企业运营困难加剧</p>

<p>[TOKYO] Japan’s reliance on the Middle East for aluminium is forcing companies to cut back on production and scramble for alternative supply sources after key shipping routes were severed due to the Iran conflict.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>[东京] 日本对中东铝的依赖迫使企业削减生产，并在关键航运路线因伊朗冲突被切断后，争相寻找替代供应来源。</p>
</div><p>Among the most exposed are auto and parts makers such as Toyota Motor and Denso. Domestic carmakers get about 70 per cent of their aluminium imports from the Middle East, according to the nation’s top auto lobby. The price of the lightweight alloy, used in everything from engine parts to wheels, has jumped about 13 per cent since hostilities started in late February.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>受影响最严重的包括丰田汽车和电装等汽车及零部件制造商。根据日本最大的汽车行业协会，国内汽车制造商约 70% 的铝进口来自中东。自 2 月底冲突开始以来，这种轻合金的价格已上涨约 13%。</p>
</div><p>“It’s only been a month but it’s almost certain that we will soon have trouble making automobile parts,” Daiki Kato, CEO of Kato Light Metal Industry, said in an interview in late March. “We are going to spend more selectively and conserve our energy.”</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>“虽然只有一个月，但几乎可以肯定我们很快就会在制造汽车零部件方面遇到困难，” 加藤轻金属工业的首席执行官加藤大树在 3 月底的采访中表示。“我们将更加谨慎地支出并节约能源。”</p>
</div><p>With the Middle East’s top aluminium producer predicting it would take at least a year to restore full production, Japan is at the forefront of what may spiral into a prolonged global shortage of the metal. JPMorgan Chase analysts warned last week that the industry had entered a “black hole” it will not easily come back from. Even if a peace deal is reached and the vita; Strait of Hormuz reopens, it could still take months for shipping to resume normal levels.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>随着中东最大的铝生产商预测恢复全面生产至少需要一年，日本正处于可能演变为长期全球铝短缺的前沿。摩根大通的分析师上周警告称，行业已进入一个 “黑洞”，难以轻易恢复。即使达成和平协议，霍尔木兹海峡重新开放，航运恢复正常水平仍可能需要数月时间。</p>
</div><p>Japan imported around 590,000 tonnes of aluminium, or about 30 per cent of its total supply from the Middle East in 2025, according to the Japan Aluminium Association. America imports more aluminium than Japan but US companies are not in danger of running out of aluminium because they get most of their supply at home and Canada, according to Bloomberg Intelligence.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>根据日本铝业协会，日本在 2025 年从中东进口了约 59 万吨铝，占其总供应的约 30%。美国的铝进口量超过日本，但由于美国公司大部分供应来自国内和加拿大，因此并不面临铝短缺的危险，彭博情报表示。</p>
</div><p>Japan is the most vulnerable country to aluminium shortages, according to S&amp;P Global analyst Masatoshi Nishimoto. South-east Asia, China and South Korea are also among nations that face “the greatest risk”, he said.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>根据标准普尔全球分析师西本雅俊的说法，日本是最容易受到铝短缺影响的国家。东南亚、中国和韩国也是面临 “最大风险” 的国家之一。</p>
</div><p>Not only has the war reduced shipping through the Strait of Hormuz, but key aluminium refineries in Abu Dhabi and Bahrain were damaged in the early stages of the conflict as Iran attacked its regional neighbours in response to the US and Israeli assault.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>战争不仅减少了霍尔木兹海峡的航运，而且阿布扎比和巴林的关键铝冶炼厂在冲突初期受到损坏，因为伊朗对其地区邻国进行了攻击，以回应美国和以色列的袭击。</p>
</div><p>One company feeling the impact is Kato Light Metal. Based in Aichi Prefecture, the firm makes a variety of aluminium products, mostly for construction or automobiles.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>受到影响的一家公司是加藤轻金属。该公司位于爱知县，生产各种铝制品，主要用于建筑或汽车。</p>
</div><p>It imports about 400 tonnes of aluminium every month, roughly 200 tonnes each from Dubai and Australia. While deliveries from the Middle East have stopped, the company said that it has enough inventory to last through May. Beyond that, it plans to buy aluminium from a supplier in South-east Asia.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>它每月进口约 400 吨铝，分别来自迪拜和澳大利亚约 200 吨。尽管来自中东的交付已停止，但该公司表示，库存足够维持到 5 月。此后，它计划从东南亚的供应商处购买铝。</p>
</div><p>Elsewhere, Toyota supplier Denso and its affiliates have had to reduce monthly output by around 20,000 units, the company said in late March, resulting in sizeable losses.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>此外，丰田的供应商电装及其附属公司在 3 月底表示，已将每月产量减少约 20,000 台，导致了可观的损失。</p>
</div><p>Supply constraints from the region could persist for months even if the war finishes, as refineries take time to get back online, and shipping companies work to unclog a bottleneck of hundreds of ships stuck in the Persian Gulf.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>即使战争结束，该地区的供应限制可能仍会持续数月，因为冶炼厂需要时间恢复运营，航运公司也在努力疏通困在波斯湾的数百艘船只的瓶颈。</p>
</div><p>Most companies in Japan often maintain about two months of inventory for parts or raw materials. That means many could start to suffer disruptions by the end of this month or early May.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>日本的大多数公司通常会保持约两个月的零部件或原材料库存。这意味着许多公司可能会在本月底或 5 月初开始遭受干扰。</p>
</div><p>Spokespeople for Toyota declined to comment on aluminium or impending supply shortages, but said they’re monitoring the situation. Nissan Motor said that the company is “taking appropriate measures, including adjustments to our production and logistics operations”.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>丰田的发言人拒绝就铝或即将到来的供应短缺发表评论，但表示他们正在监测情况。日产汽车表示，公司正在 “采取适当措施，包括调整我们的生产和物流运营”。</p>
</div><p>“The conflict is beginning to affect deliveries and supplies,” said Koji Sato, chair of the Japan Automobile Manufacturer’s Association and Toyota’s former CEO.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>“冲突开始影响交付和供应，” 日本汽车制造商协会主席及丰田前首席执行官佐藤浩二表示。</p>
</div><p>Aluminium is the most commonly used metal after steel. Lighter and better at dissipating heat, it’s a key component in engine parts such as pistons and cylinder heads, along with body panels and alloy wheels. It is also used for everything from electronics and building materials to beer cans and potato chip bags.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>铝是仅次于钢铁的最常用金属。它更轻且散热性能更好，是活塞、气缸盖等发动机部件以及车身面板和合金轮毂的关键组成部分。它还用于电子产品、建筑材料、啤酒罐和薯片袋等各种产品。</p>
</div><p>The disruption to supplies could lead companies to run out of certain specialised products, forcing factories into temporary shutdowns. The longer the war drags on, the longer supply chains will take to recover, increasing the risk production grinds to a complete halt.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>供应中断可能导致公司某些专业产品的短缺，迫使工厂暂时停工。战争拖得越久，供应链恢复所需的时间就越长，生产完全停滞的风险也随之增加。</p>
</div><p>“Manufacturers are starting to seek out alternatives as their inventories begin to run dry,” said Koji Iida from the Japan Aluminium Association. “It’s an extremely difficult situation and concerns are high among small and medium-sized companies.” BLOOMBERG</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>“制造商开始寻求替代品，因为他们的库存开始枯竭，” 日本铝业协会的饭田浩二表示。“这是一个极其困难的局面，中小企业的担忧很高。” 彭博社</p>
</div>

Japan manufacturers hurt most by aluminium shortage from Iran war

- 日本对中东铝供应的依赖导致生产削减。  
- 铝价自冲突开始以来上涨了 13%。  
- 预计铝供应短缺将持续，可能造成广泛影响。

日本制造商因伊朗战争引发的铝短缺而受到最大影响