<p>[北京] 中国于周五发布指导方针，扩大基本公共服务的覆盖范围，惠及在工作城市没有户口的人，这一举措可能帮助更多的农民工获得城市公共服务。</p>
<p>这些变化可能为家庭提供更强的社会安全网，并可能增强依赖出口的中国经济的消费需求。</p>
<p>指导方针呼吁政府机构和地方当局根据人们的常住地而非户口提供公共服务，包括教育和基本医疗。户口主要由出生地决定。</p>
<p>户口（hukou）将一个人享受公共服务的资格主要与其出生地绑定。</p>
<p>这一制度于 1950 年代实施，旨在限制内部迁移，特别是从农村到城市的迁移。持有农村户口的农民工往往难以在他们生活和工作的城市获得公共服务。政府已尝试改革这一制度超过十年。</p>
<p><strong>指导方针简化学校和住房的获取</strong></p>
<p>“根据居住地提供基本公共服务，逐步消除基本公共服务与户口之间的联系，促进基本公共服务的平等获取……有利于满足人们对更好生活的日益增长的需求，” 中国国务院在指导方针中表示。</p>
<p>指导方针呼吁地方政府帮助更多的农民工子女——那些与父母一起迁移到城市的孩子——进入公立学校，并允许符合条件的孩子在其居住地参加入学考试。</p>
<p>更多城市应扩大公共租赁住房计划，覆盖有稳定就业但没有当地户口的家庭，并且员工应能够在其工作地点参与社会保险计划，指导方针指出。</p>
<p>指导方针还呼吁放宽在儿童保育、老年护理和残疾支持等领域的户口限制，并鼓励省级政府扩大对人口流入地区的财政支持，以支付公共服务费用。REUTERS</p>

<p>中国发布了指导方针，以扩大对没有当地户口的 migrant workers 的基本公共服务的获取。这一举措旨在加强社会保障网并刺激经济中的消费需求。指导方针提倡根据居住地而非出生地来获取服务，简化 migrant families 在教育、住房和社会保险方面的获取。地方政府被鼓励支持 migrant children 在学校的学习，并扩大公共租赁住房项目，同时在各个领域放宽户口限制</p>

<p>[BEIJING] China issued guidelines on Friday to expand coverage of basic public services to people who don’t have household registration in the cities where they work, a move that could help more migrant workers access urban public services.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>[北京] 中国于周五发布指导方针，扩大基本公共服务的覆盖范围，惠及在工作城市没有户口的人，这一举措可能帮助更多的农民工获得城市公共服务。</p>
</div><p>The changes could provide a stronger social safety net for households and potentially bolster consumer demand in the export-reliant Chinese economy.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>这些变化可能为家庭提供更强的社会安全网，并可能增强依赖出口的中国经济的消费需求。</p>
</div><p>The guidelines call on government agencies and local authorities to provide public services, including education and basic medical care, based on people’s regular residence rather than their household registration, which is mainly determined by their place of birth.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>指导方针呼吁政府机构和地方当局根据人们的常住地而非户口提供公共服务，包括教育和基本医疗。户口主要由出生地决定。</p>
</div><p>The household registration, or hukou in Chinese, binds a person’s eligibility to public services mainly to their birthplace.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>户口（hukou）将一个人享受公共服务的资格主要与其出生地绑定。</p>
</div><p>The system was adopted in the 1950s for limiting internal migration, especially from rural to urban areas. Migrant workers who hold rural hukou from their hometowns often struggle to access public services in the cities where they live and work. The government has tried for more than a decade to reform the system.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>这一制度于 1950 年代实施，旨在限制内部迁移，特别是从农村到城市的迁移。持有农村户口的农民工往往难以在他们生活和工作的城市获得公共服务。政府已尝试改革这一制度超过十年。</p>
</div><p><strong>Guidelines ease access to schools and housing</strong></p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p><strong>指导方针简化学校和住房的获取</strong></p>
</div><p>“Providing basic public services by the place of residence, gradually eliminating the link between basic public services and household registration, and promoting equal access to basic public services ... are conducive to meeting people’s growing needs for a better life,” China’s State Council said in the guidelines.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>“根据居住地提供基本公共服务，逐步消除基本公共服务与户口之间的联系，促进基本公共服务的平等获取……有利于满足人们对更好生活的日益增长的需求，” 中国国务院在指导方针中表示。</p>
</div><p>The guidelines call on local governments to assist more migrant children - those who move to cities with their parents - to attend public schools and let eligible ones take school entrance exams in their place of residence.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>指导方针呼吁地方政府帮助更多的农民工子女——那些与父母一起迁移到城市的孩子——进入公立学校，并允许符合条件的孩子在其居住地参加入学考试。</p>
</div><p>More cities should expand public rental housing programmes to cover households with stable employment but no local hukou, and employees should be able to participate in the social insurance scheme in their places of work, the guidelines say.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>更多城市应扩大公共租赁住房计划，覆盖有稳定就业但没有当地户口的家庭，并且员工应能够在其工作地点参与社会保险计划，指导方针指出。</p>
</div><p>The guidelines also call for relaxing hukou restrictions in sectors such as child care, elderly care and disability support, and encourage provincial-level governments to expand fiscal support for areas with population inflows to pay for public services. REUTERS</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>指导方针还呼吁放宽在儿童保育、老年护理和残疾支持等领域的户口限制，并鼓励省级政府扩大对人口流入地区的财政支持，以支付公共服务费用。REUTERS</p>
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中国计划扩大农民工的公共服务获取渠道