<p>西班牙競爭管理局 CNMC 發現，在線旅行社 Booking.com 在過去五年濫用了主導市場地位。週二，該機構對該公司處以 4.1324 億歐元的罰款（按當前匯率約合 4.47 億美元）。</p>
<p>CNMC 於 2022 年 10 月對 Booking.com 展開調查，此前西班牙酒店經理協會和馬德里地區酒店協會提出投訴。監管機構的調查證實，Booking 對酒店施加了不公平的條款和條件，使得競爭對手難以競爭。</p>
<p>在所涉時期，Booking.com 在西班牙在線旅行社向酒店提供在線預訂中介服務市場中佔據了 70% 至 90% 的份額。</p>
<p>CNMC 在一份新聞稿中寫道：“自 2019 年 1 月 1 日至今，該公司通過對位於西班牙的酒店使用其預訂中介服務施加各種不公平商業條件，並限制其他提供相同服務的在線旅行社的競爭...”</p>
<p>該機構得出結論稱，Booking 在其平台上對使用其平台的酒店施加了不公平的價格條款，阻止它們在自己的網站上以低於 Booking.com 提供的價格提供客房，即使該平台保留了通過其網站或應用程序單方面降低酒店提供價格的權利。</p>
<p>CNMC 還發現了與公司一般條款相關的問題，指出只有英文版本的條款具有法律效力，而適用於這些條款的法律和有管轄權的法院是荷蘭，Booking 的總部所在地。這使得西班牙實體在發生糾紛時起訴 Booking 比應該更昂貴。</p>
<p>此外，調查結果指出，Booking 在向酒店提供一系列訂閲產品的價值方面缺乏透明度，這些產品允許酒店通過支付更高的佣金費用或以折扣價提供部分客房來提高其在平台默認排名中的位置。</p>
<p>CNMC 表示，Booking 能夠通過將酒店通過其平台的總預訂量作為默認搜索結果列表中的排名標準來濫用其主導地位，從而鼓勵酒店集中其在線預訂在 Booking.com 上。</p>
<p>該機構的調查結果還強調了 Booking 使用的績效要求，作為酒店進入和留在兩個前述訂閲計劃的標準，但發現這主要是基於每家酒店對 Booking.com 的盈利能力。</p>
<p>CNMC 補充説：“這鼓勵希望進入或留在這些計劃中的酒店遵循一項定價和可用性政策，導致他們將銷售集中在該平台上，損害其他競爭機構的利益。”</p>
<p>西班牙當局實施的制裁分為兩項，每項對濫用主導地位的行為處以 2.0662 億歐元的罰款。第一項是對西班牙酒店施加的不公平條款，第二項是限制其他在線旅行社的競爭。</p>
<p>該機構還對 Booking 施加了行為義務，要求其停止違規行為，並確保不會從事任何可能在未來產生等效影響的類似行為。</p>
<p>Booking.com 已被要求就 CNMC 的制裁做出回應。該公司可以在兩個月內向國家法院上訴，但必須在此之前這樣做。</p>
<p>除了西班牙，這家歐洲旅行巨頭在未來幾個月將面臨歐盟範圍內更嚴格的監管，因為它在今年 5 月被指定為數字市場法案下的關鍵市場參與者。它將被要求在 11 月中旬之前遵守該制度，否則可能面臨不遵守規定的罰款，罰款金額可達全球年營業額的 10%（對於重複違規行為可達 20%）。</p>

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<p>西班牙反壟斷監管機構對 Booking.com 開出了 4.1324 億歐元（4.47 億美元）的罰款，原因是其不公平條款和限制競爭。Booking.com 濫用其主導市場地位，對酒店施加不公平條件，並限制競爭對手旅行社的發展。該公司將面臨歐盟更嚴格的監管，並可能對這一處罰提出上訴</p>

<p>Spain’s competition authority, the CNMC, has found that online travel agency Booking.com abused a dominant market position over the past five years. It fined the company €413.24 million (or around $447 million at current exchange rates) on Tuesday.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>西班牙競爭管理局 CNMC 發現，在線旅行社 Booking.com 在過去五年濫用了主導市場地位。週二，該機構對該公司處以 4.1324 億歐元的罰款（按當前匯率約合 4.47 億美元）。</p>
</div><p>The CNMC opened an investigation of Booking.com back in October 2022, following complaints by the Spanish Association of Hotel Managers and the Regional Hotel Association of Madrid. The watchdog’s probe confirmed that Booking imposed unfair terms and conditions on hotels that the authority said made it difficult for rival travel agencies to compete.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>CNMC 於 2022 年 10 月對 Booking.com 展開調查，此前西班牙酒店經理協會和馬德里地區酒店協會提出投訴。監管機構的調查證實，Booking 對酒店施加了不公平的條款和條件，使得競爭對手難以競爭。</p>
</div><p>Booking.com held a share of between 70% and 90% of the market in Spain for provision of online booking intermediation services to hotels by online travel agencies over the period in question.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>在所涉時期，Booking.com 在西班牙在線旅行社向酒店提供在線預訂中介服務市場中佔據了 70% 至 90% 的份額。</p>
</div><p>“The company has committed two abuses of its dominant position since at least January 1, 2019 until today by imposing various unfair commercial conditions on hotels located in Spain that use its booking intermediation services and restricting competition from other online travel agencies… that offer the same services,” the CNMC wrote in a press release [in Spanish; this is a machine translation].</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>CNMC 在一份新聞稿中寫道：“自 2019 年 1 月 1 日至今，該公司通過對位於西班牙的酒店使用其預訂中介服務施加各種不公平商業條件，並限制其他提供相同服務的在線旅行社的競爭...”</p>
</div><p>The authority concluded that Booking imposed an unfair price clause on hotels using its platform that prevented them from offering their rooms on their own websites for less than the price offered on Booking.com, even as the platform reserved the right to unilaterally reduce the price hotels offer through its website or application.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>該機構得出結論稱，Booking 在其平台上對使用其平台的酒店施加了不公平的價格條款，阻止它們在自己的網站上以低於 Booking.com 提供的價格提供客房，即使該平台保留了通過其網站或應用程序單方面降低酒店提供價格的權利。</p>
</div><p>The CNMC also found fault with issues related to clauses pertaining to the company’s general terms, stating that only an English version of the terms had legal value whereas both the law applicable to the terms, and the competent courts, are of the Netherlands, where Booking is headquartered. This made it more expensive than it should be for Spanish entities to take Booking to court in the event of a dispute.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>CNMC 還發現了與公司一般條款相關的問題，指出只有英文版本的條款具有法律效力，而適用於這些條款的法律和有管轄權的法院是荷蘭，Booking 的總部所在地。這使得西班牙實體在發生糾紛時起訴 Booking 比應該更昂貴。</p>
</div><p>Additionally, the investigation findings call out a lack of transparency around the value Booking provided hotels via a series of subscription products that allow hotels to improve their position in the platform’s default rankings in exchange for paying higher commission fees or offering some of their rooms at discounted rates.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>此外，調查結果指出，Booking 在向酒店提供一系列訂閲產品的價值方面缺乏透明度，這些產品允許酒店通過支付更高的佣金費用或以折扣價提供部分客房來提高其在平台默認排名中的位置。</p>
</div><p>The CNMC said Booking was able to abuse its dominant position by restricting competition from other online travel agencies by using the total number of reservations for a hotel through its platform as a ranking criterion in the default search results lists, thereby encouraging hotels to concentrate their online bookings on Booking.com.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>CNMC 表示，Booking 能夠通過將酒店通過其平台的總預訂量作為默認搜索結果列表中的排名標準來濫用其主導地位，從而鼓勵酒店集中其在線預訂在 Booking.com 上。</p>
</div><p>The authority’s findings also highlight the use of a performance requirement by Booking that it used as a criterion for hotels accessing and remaining in two of the aforementioned subscription programs — but which it found to be based “primarily on the profitability of each hotel for Booking.com.”</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>該機構的調查結果還強調了 Booking 使用的績效要求，作為酒店進入和留在兩個前述訂閲計劃的標準，但發現這主要是基於每家酒店對 Booking.com 的盈利能力。</p>
</div><p>“This encourages hotels that want to access or remain in the programs to follow a pricing and availability policy that leads them to concentrate their sales on the platform, to the detriment of other competing agencies,” the CNMC added.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>CNMC 補充説：“這鼓勵希望進入或留在這些計劃中的酒店遵循一項定價和可用性政策，導致他們將銷售集中在該平台上，損害其他競爭機構的利益。”</p>
</div><p>The sanction imposed by the Spanish authority breaks down into two penalties of €206.62M apiece for each of the abuses of a dominant position. The first is the unfair T&amp;Cs imposed on hotels in Spain, and the second being the restriction of competition from other online travel agencies.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>西班牙當局實施的制裁分為兩項，每項對濫用主導地位的行為處以 2.0662 億歐元的罰款。第一項是對西班牙酒店施加的不公平條款，第二項是限制其他在線旅行社的競爭。</p>
</div><p>The authority has also imposed behavioral obligations on Booking, which require it to stop the infringing conduct and ensure it does not engage in any other similar conduct that could product an equivalent effect in the future.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>該機構還對 Booking 施加了行為義務，要求其停止違規行為，並確保不會從事任何可能在未來產生等效影響的類似行為。</p>
</div><p>Booking.com has been contacted for a response to the CNMC’s sanction. The company may appeal the sanction before the National Court but must do so within two months.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>Booking.com 已被要求就 CNMC 的制裁做出回應。該公司可以在兩個月內向國家法院上訴，但必須在此之前這樣做。</p>
</div><p>Beyond Spain, the European travel giant is facing tighter regulation across the EU in the coming months, following its designation as a gatekeeper under the bloc’s Digital Markets Act back in May. It will be expected to be compliant with that regime by mid November with the risk of penalties for non-compliance that can reach up to 10% of global annual turnover (or 20% for repeat offenses).</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>除了西班牙，這家歐洲旅行巨頭在未來幾個月將面臨歐盟範圍內更嚴格的監管，因為它在今年 5 月被指定為數字市場法案下的關鍵市場參與者。它將被要求在 11 月中旬之前遵守該制度，否則可能面臨不遵守規定的罰款，罰款金額可達全球年營業額的 10%（對於重複違規行為可達 20%）。</p>
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西班牙反壟斷監管機構對 Booking.com 處以近 4.5 億美元罰款，原因是其不公平條款和限制競爭對手