<p>你的 401(k) 計劃中存了多少錢？這在很大程度上取決於年齡，當然也取決於多年來你的繳納金額。你如何投資這筆錢也是一個因素。</p>
<p>然而，對於 65 歲（或更大年齡）的美國居民來説，平均數是 232,710 美元。這是根據共同基金公司和退休計劃管理公司 Vanguard 在其 2023 年審視所有計劃參與者的數據編制的。不錯。</p>
<p>問題在於，大多數人在達到退休年齡，或者至少接近退休年齡時，可能會做得更好。而且，並不需要取得巨大的成就或者運氣極佳。關鍵在於更好地做更多小事。</p>
<p>以下是四項頂級策略的詳細介紹，這些策略將幫助您在準備退休時超越平均水平。</p>
<h2>1. 儘早開始</h2>
<p>這是一個如此簡單的前提，以至於幾乎不足以被視為一種策略。這實際上更像是一種殘酷的現實。</p>
<p>儘管如此，需要指出的是，時間是投資者的最大盟友。您開始儲蓄得越早，您的狀況就會越好。遠遠超出您可能想象的範圍。</p>
<p>一番簡單的數字計算令人瞠目結舌。假設您匹配 <strong>標普 500 指數</strong> 的平均年回報率為 10%，在標普 500 指數上投資 10,000 美元，10 年後價值將接近 26,000 美元。然而，20 年後，這筆 10,000 美元的投資將價值超過 67,000 美元。讓這筆錢在 30 年內增長，您將擁有超過 175,000 美元。40 年後呢？最初的 10,000 美元將價值驚人的 452,000 美元。</p>
<p>大多數人在剛開始工作時並沒有額外的 10,000 美元可以儲蓄，但這並不是重點。這裏的重點只是為了説明隨着時間的推移，複利增長的威力。即使您只能從小額開始，也應該這樣做。隨着收入的增加，您可以做出更多的貢獻來建立您的養老金。</p>
<h2>2. 自動化</h2>
<p>大多數提供 401(k) 計劃的僱主允許您扣除一部分工資存入養老賬户。事實上，對於大多數僱主來説，這是向計劃中繳納款項的唯一途徑。通常只需要填寫一張表格。</p>
<p>不要忽視這一點！決定&#34;明年再説&#34;或者&#34;我會在 401(k) 賬户之外進行投資&#34;很容易，結果可能永遠都沒有實施。您的僱主可能會讓處理這些事情變得比您自己處理要容易得多。</p>
<p><img src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://g.foolcdn.com/image//query-b3A9cmVzaXplJnVybD1odHRwczovL2cuZm9vbGNkbi5jb20vZWRpdG9yaWFsL2ltYWdlcy83ODk3MjYvZmVtYWxlLWludmVzdG9yLXJldmlld2luZy1oZXItcG9ydGZvbGlvLW9uLWEtbGFwdG9wLmpwZyZ3PTcwMA?x-oss-process=image/auto-orient,1/interlace,1/resize,w_1440,h_1440/quality,q_95/format,jpg" alt="" original-src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://g.foolcdn.com/image//query-b3A9cmVzaXplJnVybD1odHRwczovL2cuZm9vbGNkbi5jb20vZWRpdG9yaWFsL2ltYWdlcy83ODk3MjYvZmVtYWxlLWludmVzdG9yLXJldmlld2luZy1oZXItcG9ydGZvbGlvLW9uLWEtbGFwdG9wLmpwZyZ3PTcwMA"/></p>
<p>圖片來源：Getty Images。</p>
<p>在這個同樣的思路中，不要忘記實際投資進入您的養老賬户中的現金！</p>
<p>現在很多僱主都使用默認投資選項 -- 通常是簡單的指數基金 -- 為那些沒有要求特定基金配置選擇的員工。在大多數情況下，這種基金會表現得很好。然而，絕對不要做的一件事是儲蓄資金然後讓其簡單地留在賬户中作為現金，幾乎不賺取任何利息。</p>
<h2>3. 至少確保獲得公司的匹配貢獻</h2>
<p>雖然您不一定會止步於此，但至少您應該自己貢獻足夠的資金，以獲得僱主願意存入您 401(k) 賬户的任何金額的 100%。</p>
<p>這可能因公司而異。對於大多數計劃，您總工資的最多 6% 甚至有資格獲得僱主的匹配，即使公司可能只匹配這些貢獻的一部分。根據 Vanguard 的報告，去年的平均匹配額僅為平均工人總工資的 4.6%。</p>
<p>儘管如此，這是數百甚至數千美元的免費資金，實現了您已經在儲蓄的資金的 100% 回報。</p>
<h2>4. 成長投資並不一定意味着激進風險</h2>
<p>最後但同樣重要的是，儘管您可能被告知實現良好的增長需要您在選擇時採取激進的方式，但這並不一定意味着您必須承擔過大的風險或成為高度活躍的投資者。事實上，&#34;少即是多&#34;的原則在為養老金進行投資時非常適用。也就是説，較少的交易和更簡單的策略通常會帶來比您可能通過更積極或狹隘的方法獲得的更多收益。</p>
<p>標準普爾的數據將這個想法展現得淋漓盡致。在過去的 10 年中，超過 87% 向美國投資者提供的主動管理的大盤股共同基金實際表現不及標普 500 指數。為什麼？主要是因為努力擊敗市場導致人們做出導致基金表現不佳的決策。即使專業人士在市場定時或特定交易時也不是很擅長！</p>
<p>這不僅僅是 10 年的時間跨度。大多數大盤股基金在過去五年以及過去 15 年都落後於標普 500 指數。中盤股和小盤股基金與它們的基準相比也是如此。</p>
<p>這並不是説擊敗市場是不可能的；當您的 401(k) 選項僅限於特定共同基金家族的產品時，您很少有可能做到這一點。最高概率、最高回報的選擇通常是最簡單的指數基金。</p>

大都會人壽

<p>根據 2023 年先鋒集團的數據，美國 65 歲及以上的 401(k) 賬户持有者平均儲蓄為 137,710 美元。為了超過這一平均水平，個人應考慮四種策略：早期開始儲蓄以利用複利增長，通過僱主計劃自動定期存款，獲取公司匹配的捐款，並採取最小化風險的增長投資方法。這些策略可以顯著增加退休儲蓄，而無需採取激烈措施</p>

<p>How much money do you have saved up in your 401(k)? It's largely a function of age, of course, and how much you've contributed to it over the years. How you've invested this money is also a factor.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>你的 401(k) 計劃中存了多少錢？這在很大程度上取決於年齡，當然也取決於多年來你的繳納金額。你如何投資這筆錢也是一個因素。</p>
</div><p>For 65-year-olds (or older) living in the United States though, the average number is $232,710. That's according to data compiled by mutual fund company and retirement plan administrator Vanguard in its 2023 look at all of its plans' participants. Not bad.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>然而，對於 65 歲（或更大年齡）的美國居民來説，平均數是 232,710 美元。這是根據共同基金公司和退休計劃管理公司 Vanguard 在其 2023 年審視所有計劃參與者的數據編制的。不錯。</p>
</div><p>The thing is, most people could probably do even better by the time they reach this retirement -- or at least near-retirement -- age. And it wouldn't take a monumental feat or a massive stroke of luck do so. The key is just doing more of the little things better.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>問題在於，大多數人在達到退休年齡，或者至少接近退休年齡時，可能會做得更好。而且，並不需要取得巨大的成就或者運氣極佳。關鍵在於更好地做更多小事。</p>
</div><p>Here's a closer look at the top four strategies that will help you beat the average by the time you're ready to retire.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>以下是四項頂級策略的詳細介紹，這些策略將幫助您在準備退休時超越平均水平。</p>
</div><h2>1. Start as early as possible</h2>
<div class="lb-trans"><h2>1. 儘早開始</h2>
</div><p>It's such a simple premise that it hardly even qualifies as a strategy. It's really more of hard truth.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>這是一個如此簡單的前提，以至於幾乎不足以被視為一種策略。這實際上更像是一種殘酷的現實。</p>
</div><p>Nevertheless, it needs to be said that time is an investor's top ally. The sooner you start saving anything, the better off you'll be. And by far more than you ever might imagine.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>儘管如此，需要指出的是，時間是投資者的最大盟友。您開始儲蓄得越早，您的狀況就會越好。遠遠超出您可能想象的範圍。</p>
</div><p>A little number-crunching makes for an eye-popping comparison. Assuming you're matching the <strong>S&amp;P 500</strong>'s average annual return of 10%, a $10,000 investment in an S&amp;P 500 index would be worth nearly $26,000 after 10 years. After 20 years though, that $10,000 investment would be worth more than $67,000. Letting this money fester for 30 years would leave you with over $175,000. And a 40-year run? That initial $10,000 would be worth an incredible $452,000.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>一番簡單的數字計算令人瞠目結舌。假設您匹配 <strong>標普 500 指數</strong> 的平均年回報率為 10%，在標普 500 指數上投資 10,000 美元，10 年後價值將接近 26,000 美元。然而，20 年後，這筆 10,000 美元的投資將價值超過 67,000 美元。讓這筆錢在 30 年內增長，您將擁有超過 175,000 美元。40 年後呢？最初的 10,000 美元將價值驚人的 452,000 美元。</p>
</div><p>Most people don't have an extra $10,000 to tuck away when they're first starting their working years, but that's not the point. The point here is simply to illustrate the power of compounding your growth as time marches on. Even if you can only start small, you should. As you increase your income, you can make even more contributions toward building your nest egg.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>大多數人在剛開始工作時並沒有額外的 10,000 美元可以儲蓄，但這並不是重點。這裏的重點只是為了説明隨着時間的推移，複利增長的威力。即使您只能從小額開始，也應該這樣做。隨着收入的增加，您可以做出更多的貢獻來建立您的養老金。</p>
</div><h2>2. Automate it</h2>
<div class="lb-trans"><h2>2. 自動化</h2>
</div><p>Most employers offering 401(k) plans allow you to deduct a portion of your paycheck to deposit into your retirement account. In fact, for most employers this is the only way to make contributions to your plan. It's often just a matter of filling out a form.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>大多數提供 401(k) 計劃的僱主允許您扣除一部分工資存入養老賬户。事實上，對於大多數僱主來説，這是向計劃中繳納款項的唯一途徑。通常只需要填寫一張表格。</p>
</div><p>Don't neglect to do this! It's all too easy to decide, &#34;I'll do it next year&#34; or, &#34;I'll invest outside of a 401(k) account&#34; only to end up never actually doing so. Your employer probably makes it much easier to handle than you'd experience on your own.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>不要忽視這一點！決定&#34;明年再説&#34;或者&#34;我會在 401(k) 賬户之外進行投資&#34;很容易，結果可能永遠都沒有實施。您的僱主可能會讓處理這些事情變得比您自己處理要容易得多。</p>
</div><p><img src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://g.foolcdn.com/image//query-b3A9cmVzaXplJnVybD1odHRwczovL2cuZm9vbGNkbi5jb20vZWRpdG9yaWFsL2ltYWdlcy83ODk3MjYvZmVtYWxlLWludmVzdG9yLXJldmlld2luZy1oZXItcG9ydGZvbGlvLW9uLWEtbGFwdG9wLmpwZyZ3PTcwMA" alt="" original-src="https://g.foolcdn.com/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fg.foolcdn.com%2Feditorial%2Fimages%2F789726%2Ffemale-investor-reviewing-her-portfolio-on-a-laptop.jpg&amp;op=resize&amp;w=700"/></p>
<p>Image source: Getty Images.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>圖片來源：Getty Images。</p>
</div><p>In this same vein, don't forget to actually invest the cash going into your retirement account either!</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>在這個同樣的思路中，不要忘記實際投資進入您的養老賬户中的現金！</p>
</div><p>Lots of employers now use a default investment option -- usually a simple index fund -- for employees who don't request a specific fund allocation choice for their contributions. And in most cases this fund will do just fine. The one thing you absolutely don't want to do, however, is save up money and then let it simply sit in the account as cash, earning next to nothing.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>現在很多僱主都使用默認投資選項 -- 通常是簡單的指數基金 -- 為那些沒有要求特定基金配置選擇的員工。在大多數情況下，這種基金會表現得很好。然而，絕對不要做的一件事是儲蓄資金然後讓其簡單地留在賬户中作為現金，幾乎不賺取任何利息。</p>
</div><h2>3. At least secure your company's matching contribution</h2>
<div class="lb-trans"><h2>3. 至少確保獲得公司的匹配貢獻</h2>
</div><p>Not that you'll necessarily want to stop there, but at the very least you should contribute enough of your own money to earn 100% of whatever amount of your own contribution your employer is also willing to deposit into your 401(k).</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>雖然您不一定會止步於此，但至少您應該自己貢獻足夠的資金，以獲得僱主願意存入您 401(k) 賬户的任何金額的 100%。</p>
</div><p>This can vary from one company to another. For most plans a maximum of 6% of your total wages are even eligible for an employer match, and even then the company may only match a portion of these contributions. Vanguard reports last year's average match was only 4.6% of the average workers' total pay, for the record.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>這可能因公司而異。對於大多數計劃，您總工資的最多 6% 甚至有資格獲得僱主的匹配，即使公司可能只匹配這些貢獻的一部分。根據 Vanguard 的報告，去年的平均匹配額僅為平均工人總工資的 4.6%。</p>
</div><p>Still, that's hundreds if not thousands of dollars' worth of free money, achieving a 100% return on part of the money you're already saving anyway.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>儘管如此，這是數百甚至數千美元的免費資金，實現了您已經在儲蓄的資金的 100% 回報。</p>
</div><h2>4. Growth investing doesn't have to mean aggressive risk</h2>
<div class="lb-trans"><h2>4. 成長投資並不一定意味着激進風險</h2>
</div><p>Last but certainly not least, although you've probably been told that achieving good growth requires you to be aggressive with your picks, that doesn't necessarily mean you must also take oversize risks or be a highly active investor. Indeed, the principle of &#34;less is more&#34; actually applies quite nicely when it comes to investing for retirement. That is to say, less trading and simpler strategies often lead to more gains than you'd likely achieve with a more active or narrowly focused approach.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>最後但同樣重要的是，儘管您可能被告知實現良好的增長需要您在選擇時採取激進的方式，但這並不一定意味着您必須承擔過大的風險或成為高度活躍的投資者。事實上，&#34;少即是多&#34;的原則在為養老金進行投資時非常適用。也就是説，較少的交易和更簡單的策略通常會帶來比您可能通過更積極或狹隘的方法獲得的更多收益。</p>
</div><p>Data from Standard &amp; Poor's puts this idea in shocking perspective. Over the course of the past 10 years more than 87% of actively managed large-cap mutual funds available to U.S. investors actually underperformed the S&amp;P 500 index. Why? Largely because the effort to beat the market leads people to make decisions that cause a fund to lag its overall performance. Even the pros aren't very good at timing the market, or timing a particular trade!</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>標準普爾的數據將這個想法展現得淋漓盡致。在過去的 10 年中，超過 87% 向美國投資者提供的主動管理的大盤股共同基金實際表現不及標普 500 指數。為什麼？主要是因為努力擊敗市場導致人們做出導致基金表現不佳的決策。即使專業人士在市場定時或特定交易時也不是很擅長！</p>
</div><p>And it's not just the 10-year time frame. Most large-cap funds have lagged the S&amp;P 500 for the past five years, as well as the past 15 years. Ditto for mid-cap and small-cap funds compared to their benchmarks.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>這不僅僅是 10 年的時間跨度。大多數大盤股基金在過去五年以及過去 15 年都落後於標普 500 指數。中盤股和小盤股基金與它們的基準相比也是如此。</p>
</div><p>That's not to say it's impossible to beat the market; certainly some people do it. When your 401(k) options are limited to a particular mutual fund family's offerings though, it's less than likely you'll be able to do so. The highest-odds, highest-reward choice is often the simplest of index funds.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>這並不是説擊敗市場是不可能的；當您的 401(k) 選項僅限於特定共同基金家族的產品時，您很少有可能做到這一點。最高概率、最高回報的選擇通常是最簡單的指數基金。</p>
</div>

The Average American Age 65 and Older With a 401(k) Retirement Account Has $232,710 Invested in It. 4 Strategies to Help You Beat the Average Before You Retire.

65 歲及以上的美國人平均在 401(k) 退休賬户中投資了 232,710 美元。以下是 4 種策略，幫助你在退休前超越這一平均水平