<p>蘇丹阿拉伯膠被用於消費品，正被走私到其他非洲國家</p>
<p>RSF 控制着蘇丹主要的阿拉伯膠採集地區，複雜了供應鏈</p>
<p>商販提供沒有衝突無證書的廉價阿拉伯膠</p>
<p>與 RSF 有關的阿拉伯膠出現在非正式市場，走私到鄰國</p>
<p>作者：Richa Naidu, Khalid Abdelaziz</p>
<p>倫敦/迪拜，3 月 4 日（路透社）——阿拉伯膠是一種重要成分，廣泛用於可口可樂（Coca-Cola (KO.N)）和 M&amp;M’s 糖果等產品，商販和行業消息人士表示，越來越多的阿拉伯膠正從戰亂中的蘇丹叛軍控制區走私出去，這使得西方公司在努力保護其供應鏈免受衝突影響時面臨困難。蘇丹生產全球約 80% 的阿拉伯膠，這是一種從金合歡樹上採集的天然物質，廣泛用於混合、穩定和增稠大宗商品中的成分，包括歐萊雅（L’Oreal (OREP.PA)）的口紅和雀巢（Nestle (NESN.S)）的寵物食品。自 2023 年 4 月以來，與蘇丹國軍作戰的準軍事組織快速支援部隊（RSF）去年底奪取了蘇丹西部科爾多凡和達爾富爾的主要阿拉伯膠採集地區。自那時起，這種原材料只能由蘇丹商販以支付給 RSF 的費用進行市場銷售，正通過沒有適當認證的方式流向蘇丹鄰國，八位直接參與阿拉伯膠交易或駐紮在蘇丹的生產者和買家表示。</p>
<p>兩位商販告訴路透社，這種阿拉伯膠也通過非正式邊境市場出口。</p>
<p>當被問及評論時，RSF 的一位代表表示，該部隊保護了阿拉伯膠貿易，僅收取小額費用，並補充説，任何違法行為的説法都是針對該準軍事組織的宣傳。上個月，RSF 與盟友簽署了一項章程，在其控制的蘇丹地區建立了一個平行政府。</p>
<p>最近幾個月，像乍得和塞內加爾等阿拉伯膠生產量低於蘇丹的國家，或在戰爭前幾乎沒有出口阿拉伯膠的國家，如埃及和南蘇丹，開始積極以低價提供這種商品，並且沒有證明其無衝突的證據，兩位被商販接觸的買家告訴路透社。雖然產出阿拉伯膠的金合歡樹遍佈非洲乾旱的薩赫勒地區——被稱為 “阿拉伯膠帶”——但由於其廣泛的種植園，蘇丹已成為全球最大的出口國。</p>
<p>新加坡特種食品成分供應商 Eco-Agri 的全球市場專員 Herve Canevet 表示，通常很難確定阿拉伯膠的供應來源，因為許多商販不會透露他們的產品是否被走私。</p>
<p>“今天，我會説蘇丹的阿拉伯膠全都是走私的，因為這個國家沒有真正的權威，” 他説。</p>
<p>國際阿拉伯膠推廣協會（AIPG）在 1 月 27 日的公開聲明中表示，它 “沒有看到阿拉伯膠供應鏈與競爭（蘇丹）勢力之間存在任何聯繫的證據。”</p>
<p>然而，五位行業消息人士表示，這種不透明的新貿易風險滲透全球成分製造商的採購系統。像 Nexira、Alland &amp; Robert 和 Ingredion 這樣的公司購買經過精煉的琥珀色阿拉伯膠，將其轉化為乳化劑，並將其出售給大型消費品公司。</p>
<p>路透社聯繫到 Ingredion 時，該公司表示，它努力確保所有供應鏈交易都是完全合法的，並自戰爭開始以來多元化採購，包括其他國家如喀麥隆。</p>
<p>Nexira 告訴路透社，內戰促使其減少從蘇丹的進口，並採取主動措施減輕衝突對其供應鏈的影響，包括擴大采購到其他十個國家。</p>
<p>Alland &amp; Robert、雀巢和可口可樂未對此發表評論。M&amp;M’s 製造商瑪氏和歐萊雅未回覆評論請求。</p>
<h3>廉價阿拉伯膠待售</h3>
<p>位於喀土穆的 Unity Arabic Gum 創始人 Mohammed Hussein Sorge 表示，他在 12 月被塞內加爾和乍得的商販提供了阿拉伯膠。</p>
<p>他説，乍得的商販要價每噸 3500 美元，而這種主要在蘇丹生產的 hashab 膠是一種更昂貴的阿拉伯膠，通常他會期望支付超過每噸 5000 美元。</p>
<p>賣家無法提供 Sedex 認證，確保買家供應商符合可持續和道德標準，Sorge 還告訴路透社。</p>
<p>Sorge 沒有購買這批阿拉伯膠，因為他擔心低價和缺乏文件表明這批膠是在蘇丹被盜或通過非正式的 RSF 相關網絡出口的。</p>
<p>“走私者能夠通過 RSF 走私阿拉伯膠，因為 RSF 控制着所有生產區域，” Sorge 説。</p>
<p>Sorge 在 2023 年 RSF 部隊偷走他全部阿拉伯膠供應後逃往埃及，他與路透社分享了 WhatsApp 消息，顯示這些阿拉伯膠商販在五個不同的場合聯繫過他，包括最近的 1 月 9 日。自 10 月以來，RSF 禁止向埃及出口 12 種商品，包括阿拉伯膠，以報復其所稱的埃及對該民兵組織的空襲。</p>
<p>當被問及評論時，該準軍事組織表示，它禁止所謂的走私到埃及，因為這對蘇丹沒有好處。</p>
<p>一位因安全原因拒絕透露姓名的買家回憶起他也被神秘的阿拉伯膠商販接觸的經歷。</p>
<p>“我有（阿卡西亞）seyal 清洗後的開放數量準備發貨，” 一條 WhatsApp 消息寫道，路透社審閲了這條消息，提供了一批 seyal 膠，這是一種更便宜的阿拉伯膠品種。在後續的 WhatsApp 消息中，商販提議每兩個月安排一次發貨，價格可協商為每公噸 1950 美元，低於買家表示他期望為這種貨物支付的每噸 3000 美元。</p>
<p>在與同一買家的另一條 WhatsApp 對話中，路透社審閲的另一位商販表示，載有阿拉伯膠的卡車已越過蘇丹邊境進入南蘇丹和埃及。</p>
<p>在所有情況下，橡膠貿易商無法提供 Sedex 認證，買家表示，他拒絕了這些報價，因為擔心橡膠來自與 RSF 相關的網絡。</p>
<h3>改變路線</h3>
<p>在蘇丹內戰之前，原料橡膠會在喀土穆進行分類，然後通過卡車運送到紅海的蘇丹港，通過蘇伊士運河運往世界各地。</p>
<p>然而，自去年底以來，與 RSF 相關的阿拉伯膠開始在蘇丹西科爾多凡省與南蘇丹邊界的兩個非正式市場上出售，一位來自 RSF 控制區的買家表示，由於安全考慮，他拒絕透露姓名。</p>
<p>這位買家是西科爾多凡地區的一位主要貿易商，他表示，貿易商從蘇丹土地所有者那裏收集橡膠，並以美元的價格在這些市場上出售給南蘇丹貿易商。所有這一切都在 RSF 的保護下進行，貿易商為此支付費用，買家補充道。</p>
<p>擁有西科爾多凡的金合歡林的生產者阿卜杜拉·穆罕默德也告訴路透社，RSF 會向貿易商收取保護費。這個準軍事組織已經將其利益多元化，涉及黃金、牲畜、農業和銀行業。</p>
<p>南蘇丹信息部長邁克爾·馬庫伊（Michael Makuei），同時也是政府發言人，告訴路透社，橡膠通過南蘇丹的運輸並不是政府的責任。對南蘇丹貿易和工業部長約瑟夫·穆姆·馬賈克（Joseph Moum Majak）的電話和信息未得到回覆。</p>
<p>買家表示，RSF 還通過烏姆達福格邊境小鎮將產品運送到中非共和國，並補充説，一部分產品運往乍得。一位位於蘇丹以外的批發買家告訴路透社，橡膠現在正通過肯尼亞的蒙巴薩和南蘇丹首都朱巴出口。</p>
<p>非法來源的阿拉伯膠也出現在網上銷售。現為英國難民的蘇丹橡膠加工商伊薩姆·西迪格（Isam Siddig）告訴路透社，他在喀土穆的倉庫在他於 2023 年 4 月逃離時被 RSF 突襲，身邊帶着三隻裝有橡膠的行李箱。</p>
<p>一年後，他的橡膠產品仍以其公司品牌包裝的形式出現在網上 Facebook 小組中，路透社分享的截圖顯示。</p>
<p>埃及、肯尼亞和南蘇丹成為向歐盟出口阿拉伯膠的國家</p>
<p><img src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://reut.rs/3X02zph?x-oss-process=image/auto-orient,1/interlace,1/resize,w_1440,h_1440/quality,q_95/format,jpg" alt="" original-src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://reut.rs/3X02zph"/></p>
<p>自戰爭開始以來，蘇丹對歐盟的阿拉伯膠出口已下降</p>
<p><img src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://reut.rs/42UZ6Ms?x-oss-process=image/auto-orient,1/interlace,1/resize,w_1440,h_1440/quality,q_95/format,jpg" alt="" original-src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://reut.rs/42UZ6Ms"/></p>

可口可樂

<p>阿拉伯膠是可口可樂和 M&M's 等產品中的關鍵成分，正從衝突頻發的蘇丹被走私，這使得西方公司的供應鏈變得複雜。準軍事組織快速支援部隊（RSF）控制着主要的阿拉伯膠採集地區，導致無監管的出口和廉價、未經認證的阿拉伯膠進入鄰國市場。行業消息人士對這一不透明的貿易表示擔憂，這可能會滲透到全球供應鏈中。Ingredion 和 Nexira 等公司正在多元化其採購，以降低與衝突相關的風險，而 RSF 則聲稱在保護阿拉伯膠貿易</p>

<p>Sudanese gum arabic, used in consumer goods, is being trafficked to other African countries</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>蘇丹阿拉伯膠被用於消費品，正被走私到其他非洲國家</p>
</div><p>RSF controls Sudan’s main gum-harvesting regions, complicating supply chains</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>RSF 控制着蘇丹主要的阿拉伯膠採集地區，複雜了供應鏈</p>
</div><p>Traders offer cheap gum without conflict-free certification</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>商販提供沒有衝突無證書的廉價阿拉伯膠</p>
</div><p>RSF-affiliated gum appears in informal markets, smuggled to neighbours</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>與 RSF 有關的阿拉伯膠出現在非正式市場，走私到鄰國</p>
</div><p>By Richa Naidu, Khalid Abdelaziz</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>作者：Richa Naidu, Khalid Abdelaziz</p>
</div><p>LONDON/DUBAI, March 4 (Reuters) - Gum arabic, a vital ingredient used in everything from Coca-Cola (KO.N) to M&amp;M’s sweets, is increasingly being trafficked from rebel-held areas of war-torn Sudan, traders and industry sources say, complicating Western companies’ efforts to insulate their supply chains from the conflict. Sudan produces around 80% of the world’s gum arabic, a natural substance harvested from acacia trees that’s widely used to mix, stabilise and thicken ingredients in mass-market products including L’Oreal (OREP.PA) lipsticks and Nestle (NESN.S) petfood. The paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF), at war since April 2023 with Sudan’s national army, seized control late last year of the main gum-harvesting regions of Kordofan and Darfur in western Sudan. Since then the raw product, which can only be marketed by Sudanese traders in return for a fee to the RSF, is making its way to Sudan’s neighbours without proper certification, according to conversations with eight producers and buyers who are directly involved in gum arabic trading or based in Sudan.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>倫敦/迪拜，3 月 4 日（路透社）——阿拉伯膠是一種重要成分，廣泛用於可口可樂（Coca-Cola (KO.N)）和 M&amp;M’s 糖果等產品，商販和行業消息人士表示，越來越多的阿拉伯膠正從戰亂中的蘇丹叛軍控制區走私出去，這使得西方公司在努力保護其供應鏈免受衝突影響時面臨困難。蘇丹生產全球約 80% 的阿拉伯膠，這是一種從金合歡樹上採集的天然物質，廣泛用於混合、穩定和增稠大宗商品中的成分，包括歐萊雅（L’Oreal (OREP.PA)）的口紅和雀巢（Nestle (NESN.S)）的寵物食品。自 2023 年 4 月以來，與蘇丹國軍作戰的準軍事組織快速支援部隊（RSF）去年底奪取了蘇丹西部科爾多凡和達爾富爾的主要阿拉伯膠採集地區。自那時起，這種原材料只能由蘇丹商販以支付給 RSF 的費用進行市場銷售，正通過沒有適當認證的方式流向蘇丹鄰國，八位直接參與阿拉伯膠交易或駐紮在蘇丹的生產者和買家表示。</p>
</div><p>The gum is also exported through informal border markets, two traders told Reuters.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>兩位商販告訴路透社，這種阿拉伯膠也通過非正式邊境市場出口。</p>
</div><p>Asked for comment, a RSF representative said that the force had protected the gum arabic trade and only collected small fees, adding that talk of any lawbreaking was propaganda against the paramilitary group. Last month, the RSF signed a charter with allied groups establishing a parallel government in the parts of Sudan it controls.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>當被問及評論時，RSF 的一位代表表示，該部隊保護了阿拉伯膠貿易，僅收取小額費用，並補充説，任何違法行為的説法都是針對該準軍事組織的宣傳。上個月，RSF 與盟友簽署了一項章程，在其控制的蘇丹地區建立了一個平行政府。</p>
</div><p>In recent months, traders in countries with lower-gum arabic production than Sudan, such as Chad and Senegal, or which barely exported it before the war, like Egypt and South Sudan, have begun to aggressively offer the commodity at cheap prices and without proof it is conflict-free, two buyers who have been approached by traders told Reuters. While the acacia trees that yield gum arabic grow across the Africa’s arid Sahel region - known as the ‘gum belt’ - Sudan has become by far the world’s biggest exporter due to its extensive groves.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>最近幾個月，像乍得和塞內加爾等阿拉伯膠生產量低於蘇丹的國家，或在戰爭前幾乎沒有出口阿拉伯膠的國家，如埃及和南蘇丹，開始積極以低價提供這種商品，並且沒有證明其無衝突的證據，兩位被商販接觸的買家告訴路透社。雖然產出阿拉伯膠的金合歡樹遍佈非洲乾旱的薩赫勒地區——被稱為 “阿拉伯膠帶”——但由於其廣泛的種植園，蘇丹已成為全球最大的出口國。</p>
</div><p>Herve Canevet, Global Marketing Specialist at Singapore-based supplier of speciality food ingredients Eco-Agri, said it was often difficult to determine where gum supplies are coming from as many traders would not say if their product has been smuggled.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>新加坡特種食品成分供應商 Eco-Agri 的全球市場專員 Herve Canevet 表示，通常很難確定阿拉伯膠的供應來源，因為許多商販不會透露他們的產品是否被走私。</p>
</div><p>“Today, the gum in Sudan, I would say all of it is smuggled, because there’s no real authority in the country,” he said.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>“今天，我會説蘇丹的阿拉伯膠全都是走私的，因為這個國家沒有真正的權威，” 他説。</p>
</div><p>The Association for International Promotion of Gums (AIPG), an industry lobby, said in a January 27 public statement it “does not see any evidence of links between gum (arabic) supply chain and the competing (Sudanese) forces.”</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>國際阿拉伯膠推廣協會（AIPG）在 1 月 27 日的公開聲明中表示，它 “沒有看到阿拉伯膠供應鏈與競爭（蘇丹）勢力之間存在任何聯繫的證據。”</p>
</div><p>However, five industry sources said the opaque new trade in gum risked infiltrating the procurement system of global ingredients makers. Companies like Nexira, Alland &amp; Robert, and Ingredion buy a refined version of the amber-colored gum, turn it into emulsifiers and sell it to big consumer goods firms.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>然而，五位行業消息人士表示，這種不透明的新貿易風險滲透全球成分製造商的採購系統。像 Nexira、Alland &amp; Robert 和 Ingredion 這樣的公司購買經過精煉的琥珀色阿拉伯膠，將其轉化為乳化劑，並將其出售給大型消費品公司。</p>
</div><p>Contacted by Reuters, Ingredion said it works to ensure that all supply chain transactions are fully legitimate and has diversified sourcing since the start of the war to include other countries such as Cameroon.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>路透社聯繫到 Ingredion 時，該公司表示，它努力確保所有供應鏈交易都是完全合法的，並自戰爭開始以來多元化採購，包括其他國家如喀麥隆。</p>
</div><p>Nexira told Reuters the civil war prompted it to cut its imports from Sudan and take proactive measures to mitigate the impact of the conflict on its supply chain, including broadening sourcing to ten other countries.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>Nexira 告訴路透社，內戰促使其減少從蘇丹的進口，並採取主動措施減輕衝突對其供應鏈的影響，包括擴大采購到其他十個國家。</p>
</div><p>Alland &amp; Robert, Nestle and Coca Cola did not comment. M&amp;Ms maker Mars and L’Oreal did not return requests for comment.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>Alland &amp; Robert、雀巢和可口可樂未對此發表評論。M&amp;M’s 製造商瑪氏和歐萊雅未回覆評論請求。</p>
</div><h3>CHEAP GUM FOR SALE</h3>
<div class="lb-trans"><h3>廉價阿拉伯膠待售</h3>
</div><p>Mohammed Hussein Sorge, founder of Khartoum-based Unity Arabic Gum, which served global ingredients makers before the war, said he was offered gum arabic in December by traders in Senegal and Chad.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>位於喀土穆的 Unity Arabic Gum 創始人 Mohammed Hussein Sorge 表示，他在 12 月被塞內加爾和乍得的商販提供了阿拉伯膠。</p>
</div><p>He said the Chad-based traders wanted $3,500 per tonne for hashab gum, a more expensive variety of gum arabic primarily produced in Sudan, for which he would normally expect to pay more than $5,000 per tonne.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>他説，乍得的商販要價每噸 3500 美元，而這種主要在蘇丹生產的 hashab 膠是一種更昂貴的阿拉伯膠，通常他會期望支付超過每噸 5000 美元。</p>
</div><p>The sellers could not provide a Sedex certification, which ensures buyers a supplier meets sustainable and ethical standards, Sorge also told Reuters.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>賣家無法提供 Sedex 認證，確保買家供應商符合可持續和道德標準，Sorge 還告訴路透社。</p>
</div><p>Sorge did not buy the gum because he feared the low price and lack of documentation was an indication it had been stolen in Sudan or exported via informal RSF-affiliated networks.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>Sorge 沒有購買這批阿拉伯膠，因為他擔心低價和缺乏文件表明這批膠是在蘇丹被盜或通過非正式的 RSF 相關網絡出口的。</p>
</div><p>“Smugglers manage to smuggle gum arabic through the RSF because the RSF controls all production areas,” Sorge said.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>“走私者能夠通過 RSF 走私阿拉伯膠，因為 RSF 控制着所有生產區域，” Sorge 説。</p>
</div><p>Sorge, who fled to Egypt after RSF forces stole his entire gum supply in 2023, shared WhatsApp messages with Reuters showing these gum traders had reached out on five separate occasions, including as recently as January 9. Since October, the RSF banned exports for 12 goods to Egypt, including gum Arabic, in retaliation for what it said was Egyptian airstrikes against the militia.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>Sorge 在 2023 年 RSF 部隊偷走他全部阿拉伯膠供應後逃往埃及，他與路透社分享了 WhatsApp 消息，顯示這些阿拉伯膠商販在五個不同的場合聯繫過他，包括最近的 1 月 9 日。自 10 月以來，RSF 禁止向埃及出口 12 種商品，包括阿拉伯膠，以報復其所稱的埃及對該民兵組織的空襲。</p>
</div><p>Asked for comment, the paramilitary said it banned what it called smuggling to Egypt because it was not benefiting Sudan.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>當被問及評論時，該準軍事組織表示，它禁止所謂的走私到埃及，因為這對蘇丹沒有好處。</p>
</div><p>A buyer, who declined to be named for safety reasons, recounted how he also was approached by shadowy gum traders.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>一位因安全原因拒絕透露姓名的買家回憶起他也被神秘的阿拉伯膠商販接觸的經歷。</p>
</div><p>“I have (acacia) seyal cleaned open quantities ready for shipping,” read one WhatsApp message, reviewed by Reuters and offering a load of seyal gum, a cheaper gum arabic variety. In subsequent WhatsApp messages, the trader proposed to schedule shipping every two months at a negotiable price of $1,950 per metric tonne, lower than the $3,000 per tonne the buyer said he would expect to pay for this kind of load.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>“我有（阿卡西亞）seyal 清洗後的開放數量準備發貨，” 一條 WhatsApp 消息寫道，路透社審閲了這條消息，提供了一批 seyal 膠，這是一種更便宜的阿拉伯膠品種。在後續的 WhatsApp 消息中，商販提議每兩個月安排一次發貨，價格可協商為每公噸 1950 美元，低於買家表示他期望為這種貨物支付的每噸 3000 美元。</p>
</div><p>In a different WhatsApp conversation with the same buyer, reviewed by Reuters, a different trader said that trucks carrying gum arabic had crossed the Sudanese border into South Sudan and Egypt.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>在與同一買家的另一條 WhatsApp 對話中，路透社審閲的另一位商販表示，載有阿拉伯膠的卡車已越過蘇丹邊境進入南蘇丹和埃及。</p>
</div><p>In all instances, the gum traders could not provide a Sedex certification, the buyer said, adding that he declined the offers for fear the gum came from RSF-affiliated networks.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>在所有情況下，橡膠貿易商無法提供 Sedex 認證，買家表示，他拒絕了這些報價，因為擔心橡膠來自與 RSF 相關的網絡。</p>
</div><h3>CHANGING ROUTES</h3>
<div class="lb-trans"><h3>改變路線</h3>
</div><p>Before the Sudanese civil war, the raw gum would be sorted in Khartoum and then trucked to Port Sudan, on the Red Sea, to be shipped via the Suez Canal around the world.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>在蘇丹內戰之前，原料橡膠會在喀土穆進行分類，然後通過卡車運送到紅海的蘇丹港，通過蘇伊士運河運往世界各地。</p>
</div><p>Since late last year, however, RSF-affiliated gum Arabic started to appear on sale at two informal markets on the border between the Sudanese province of West Kordofan and South Sudan, according to a buyer based in an RSF-controlled area, who declined to be named due to safety concerns.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>然而，自去年底以來，與 RSF 相關的阿拉伯膠開始在蘇丹西科爾多凡省與南蘇丹邊界的兩個非正式市場上出售，一位來自 RSF 控制區的買家表示，由於安全考慮，他拒絕透露姓名。</p>
</div><p>The buyer, a major trader in the West Kordofan area, said traders collect gum from Sudanese land owners and sell them to South Sudanese traders in these markets for U.S. dollars. All of this happens with RSF protection, which the traders pay for, the buyer added.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>這位買家是西科爾多凡地區的一位主要貿易商，他表示，貿易商從蘇丹土地所有者那裏收集橡膠，並以美元的價格在這些市場上出售給南蘇丹貿易商。所有這一切都在 RSF 的保護下進行，貿易商為此支付費用，買家補充道。</p>
</div><p>Abdallah Mohamed, a producer who owns acacia groves in West Kordofan, also told Reuters the RSF takes a fee from the traders for protection. The paramilitary group has diversified its interests into gold, livestock, agriculture and banking.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>擁有西科爾多凡的金合歡林的生產者阿卜杜拉·穆罕默德也告訴路透社，RSF 會向貿易商收取保護費。這個準軍事組織已經將其利益多元化，涉及黃金、牲畜、農業和銀行業。</p>
</div><p>South Sudan Information Minister Michael Makuei, who is also the government’s spokesperson, told Reuters transport of gum through South Sudan was not the government’s responsibility. Calls and messages to Joseph Moum Majak, the minister of trade and industry for South Sudan, went unanswered.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>南蘇丹信息部長邁克爾·馬庫伊（Michael Makuei），同時也是政府發言人，告訴路透社，橡膠通過南蘇丹的運輸並不是政府的責任。對南蘇丹貿易和工業部長約瑟夫·穆姆·馬賈克（Joseph Moum Majak）的電話和信息未得到回覆。</p>
</div><p>The RSF also takes the product to the Central African Republic through the border town of Um Dafoog, the buyer said, adding that some goes to Chad. A wholesale buyer, based outside Sudan, told Reuters the gum was now being exported through Mombasa in Kenya and South Sudan’s capital Juba.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>買家表示，RSF 還通過烏姆達福格邊境小鎮將產品運送到中非共和國，並補充説，一部分產品運往乍得。一位位於蘇丹以外的批發買家告訴路透社，橡膠現在正通過肯尼亞的蒙巴薩和南蘇丹首都朱巴出口。</p>
</div><p>Arabic gum of illicit origin has also appeared on sale online. Isam Siddig, a Sudanese gum processor who is now a refugee in Britain, told Reuters his warehouses in Khartoum had been raided by the RSF after he fled in April 2023 with three suitcases of gum in tow.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>非法來源的阿拉伯膠也出現在網上銷售。現為英國難民的蘇丹橡膠加工商伊薩姆·西迪格（Isam Siddig）告訴路透社，他在喀土穆的倉庫在他於 2023 年 4 月逃離時被 RSF 突襲，身邊帶着三隻裝有橡膠的行李箱。</p>
</div><p>A year later, his gum products appeared on sale, still in his company’s branded packaging, in an online Facebook group according to a screenshot shared with Reuters.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>一年後，他的橡膠產品仍以其公司品牌包裝的形式出現在網上 Facebook 小組中，路透社分享的截圖顯示。</p>
</div><p>Egypt, Kenya, S. Sudan emerge as gum arabic exporters to EU</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>埃及、肯尼亞和南蘇丹成為向歐盟出口阿拉伯膠的國家</p>
</div><p><img src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://reut.rs/3X02zph" alt="" original-src="https://reut.rs/3X02zph"/></p>
<p>Sudan’s gum arabic exports to the EU have declined since the start of the war</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>自戰爭開始以來，蘇丹對歐盟的阿拉伯膠出口已下降</p>
</div><p><img src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://reut.rs/42UZ6Ms" alt="" original-src="https://reut.rs/42UZ6Ms"/></p>

INSIGHT-How a key ingredient in Coca-Cola, M&M's is smuggled from war-torn Sudan

- 蘇丹的阿拉伯膠被走私至其他非洲國家，影響供應鏈。  
- RSF 控制主要採膠區，導致缺乏衝突無關認證的低價膠出現。  
- 走私的阿拉伯膠通過非正式市場流通，全球供應商面臨風險。

洞察 - 可口可樂和 M&M's 中的關鍵成分是如何從戰亂的蘇丹走私出來的