<p>特朗普總統已決定增加華盛頓特區街頭的聯邦執法人員數量——他認為這是打擊犯罪所必需的措施。</p>
<p>這一舉動被廣泛視為對特區領導層的反擊，包括市長穆里爾·鮑澤（Muriel Bowser）。</p>
<p>許多具體細節尚未確定，包括將部署的額外聯邦執法人員的總數及其確切位置。白宮以安全考慮為由未透露這些細節。</p>
<p>然而，白宮官員表示，華盛頓特區的街頭將會看到增加的執法人員。這一措施預計主要在深夜時段出現。</p>
<p>這一努力由美國公園警察主導，但還涉及包括國會警察、聯邦調查局、法警服務和毒品執法局在內的多個其他機構。</p>
<p>白宮新聞秘書卡羅琳·萊維特表示，儘管華盛頓是 “一個令人驚歎的城市”，但它 “長期以來一直受到暴力犯罪的困擾。” 她還表示，特朗普 “致力於讓華盛頓特區對居民、立法者和來自世界各地的遊客更加安全。”</p>
<p>關於華盛頓犯罪危機的説法與城市警察局——華盛頓特區警察局（MPD）的犯罪統計數據相悖。這些統計數據顯示，今年迄今為止，暴力犯罪比 2024 年的水平下降了 26%。2024 年的犯罪水平又低於 2023 年。</p>
<p>現在的關鍵問題是，接下來會發生什麼？</p>
<h2><strong>特朗普會延長聯邦執法的使用嗎？</strong></h2>
<p>一位白宮官員將當前的推動描述為 “將作為為期 7 天的努力開始，視需要可選擇延長。”</p>
<p>這一框架引發了許多其他問題——特別是，聯邦執法人員在一週內可能會產生什麼樣的影響？畢竟，華盛頓的情況並不是需要鎮壓騷亂或因特定原因引發的廣泛混亂。</p>
<p>目標的不明確可能使聯邦角色進一步擴展的可能性增加。特朗普可能會以仍有更多工作要做為理由來為此舉辯護。</p>
<p>但在特朗普宣佈後幾個小時的多份報道中，當時應該有增加的聯邦執法人員出現，卻沒有發現任何異常情況。</p>
<p>例如，美聯社的一份報道指出，“週五凌晨 1 點開始的華盛頓街頭兩小時巡邏，並未發現特朗普公告中所描述的多機構制服人員的湧現。”</p>
<h2><strong>特朗普會接管華盛頓警察局嗎？</strong></h2>
<p>簡短的回答是，會。更大的問題是他是否想這樣做。</p>
<p>由於 1973 年的《地方自治法》，華盛頓特區享有當前的自治權。該立法為國會和總統保留了一些權力。</p>
<p>該法第 740 條指出，如果總統 “確定存在特殊的緊急情況”，則華盛頓特區市長必須向他提供 “華盛頓特區警察局認為必要和適當的服務”。</p>
<p>然而，這項權力有一些限制。</p>
<p>首先，除非在此期間向國會提供書面解釋，否則總統不能將這些權力的接管時間延長超過 48 小時——更具體地説，是向與華盛頓特區相關的參眾兩院委員會的主席和排名成員提供解釋。</p>
<p>然而，考慮到共和黨在兩院的多數地位，特朗普可能能夠滿足這一要求。</p>
<p>因此，更顯著的限制可能是，即使提供了國會通知，這項權力也有 30 天的限制。</p>
<p>從政治角度來看，特朗普是否願意採取如此激烈的舉動也是一個問題。</p>
<p>華盛頓是一個非常民主的城市——副總統哈里斯在去年 11 月的選舉中獲得了超過 90% 的選票——特朗普接管地方警察的反應無疑會是負面的。</p>
<h2><strong>國民警衞隊呢？</strong></h2>
<p>在這裏，特朗普同樣有很多操作空間。與州完全不同，華盛頓特區的國民警衞隊可以根據總統的要求進行指揮。</p>
<p>華盛頓特區國民警衞隊一直在努力指出，它尚未被部署。</p>
<p>華盛頓特區國民警衞隊的一位發言人週五告訴 CNN，該部隊尚未被激活，任何 “本週及整個週末看到的國民警衞隊士兵和車輛的存在與必要的訓練有關。”</p>
<h2><strong>可能會出什麼問題？</strong></h2>
<p>可能會出很多問題。</p>
<p>首先，特朗普可能會與鮑澤展開更激烈的鬥爭。</p>
<p>市長在第二個任期內對特朗普採取了比第一次任期更為和解的態度。她支持他在 3 月成立的一個工作組，並對他最近的舉動保持沉默。</p>
<p>這在一定程度上反映了華盛頓在多個方面對聯邦政府的依賴。今年早些時候，國會實際上從特區的預算中扣留了 11 億美元。聯邦工作隊對整個華盛頓特區地區的經濟至關重要。</p>
<p>但如果特朗普擴大對華盛頓特區的控制，鮑澤是否能保持沉默則是一個很大的疑問。華盛頓居民對他們有限的權利已經非常敏感。</p>
<p>還有一些更為可怕的事情可能會出錯。任何特別嚴重的暴力犯罪都可能使特朗普更加堅持聯邦控制。相反，特朗普派遣的聯邦人員對華盛頓居民使用過度武力可能會引發新的緊張局勢。</p>
<h2><strong>特朗普能否廢除地方自治法？</strong></h2>
<p>現實情況是，不能。</p>
<p>這樣做需要廢除相關立法。</p>
<p>眾議院可能會同意，但特朗普在參議院需要獲得 60 票支持。即使每位共和黨人都投贊成票，他仍然需要七位民主黨的支持——這是一種極不可能的情況。</p>
<p><em>補充報道：Tanya Noury.</em></p>

特朗普媒體科技集團

<p>特朗普總統宣佈將在華盛頓特區增加聯邦執法人員的部署，以打擊犯罪，此舉被視為對地方領導層的反擊。具體的部署細節尚不清楚，白宮提到出於安全考慮。儘管犯罪統計數據顯示暴力犯罪有所減少，但該倡議被框架為為期 7 天的努力，且有可能延長。人們對聯邦執法人員在一週內的有效性以及特朗普是否會接管華盛頓特區警察局提出質疑，而這受到《地方自治法》的限制。華盛頓特區國民警衞隊尚未被激活，對這些行動的影響仍然存在擔憂</p>

<p>President Trump has moved to increase the number of federal law enforcement on the streets of Washington D.C. — a decision he casts as necessary to combat crime.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>特朗普總統已決定增加華盛頓特區街頭的聯邦執法人員數量——他認為這是打擊犯罪所必需的措施。</p>
</div><p>It’s a move widely seen as a rebuke to the District’s leadership, including Mayor Muriel Bowser (D).</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>這一舉動被廣泛視為對特區領導層的反擊，包括市長穆里爾·鮑澤（Muriel Bowser）。</p>
</div><p>A lot of specifics are as yet undecided, including the total number of additional federal law enforcement officers who will be deployed, and their exact locations. The White House cited security concerns as the reason not to divulge those details.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>許多具體細節尚未確定，包括將部署的額外聯邦執法人員的總數及其確切位置。白宮以安全考慮為由未透露這些細節。</p>
</div><p>However, White House officials say that an increased law enforcement presence will be seen on D.C.’s streets. This is expected to be present mainly late at night.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>然而，白宮官員表示，華盛頓特區的街頭將會看到增加的執法人員。這一措施預計主要在深夜時段出現。</p>
</div><p>The effort is being spearheaded by the U.S. Park Police but also involves numerous other agencies including the Capitol Police, the FBI, the Marshals Service and the Drug Enforcement Administration.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>這一努力由美國公園警察主導，但還涉及包括國會警察、聯邦調查局、法警服務和毒品執法局在內的多個其他機構。</p>
</div><p>White House Press Secretary Karoline Leavitt said that while Washington is “an amazing city” it “has been plagued by violent crime for far too long.” She also said that Trump was “committed” to making D.C. “safer for its residents, lawmakers and visitors from all around the world.”</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>白宮新聞秘書卡羅琳·萊維特表示，儘管華盛頓是 “一個令人驚歎的城市”，但它 “長期以來一直受到暴力犯罪的困擾。” 她還表示，特朗普 “致力於讓華盛頓特區對居民、立法者和來自世界各地的遊客更加安全。”</p>
</div><p>The idea of a crime crisis in Washington is belied by crime statistics from the city police, the Metropolitan Police Department (MPD). Those statistics show violent crime so far this year down 26 percent from its 2024 levels. The crime levels in 2024 were, in turn, lower than in 2023.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>關於華盛頓犯罪危機的説法與城市警察局——華盛頓特區警察局（MPD）的犯罪統計數據相悖。這些統計數據顯示，今年迄今為止，暴力犯罪比 2024 年的水平下降了 26%。2024 年的犯罪水平又低於 2023 年。</p>
</div><p>The key question now is, what’s next?</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>現在的關鍵問題是，接下來會發生什麼？</p>
</div><h2><strong>Does Trump extend the use of federal law enforcement?</strong></h2>
<div class="lb-trans"><h2><strong>特朗普會延長聯邦執法的使用嗎？</strong></h2>
</div><p>A White House official describes the current push as one that will “be beginning as a 7-day effort with the option to extend as needed.”</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>一位白宮官員將當前的推動描述為 “將作為為期 7 天的努力開始，視需要可選擇延長。”</p>
</div><p>The framing invites a number of other questions —particularly, what difference are federal law enforcement personnel likely to make in a week? The situation in D.C., after all, is not one where there is a riotous situation to quell or widespread disorder stemming from any specific cause.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>這一框架引發了許多其他問題——特別是，聯邦執法人員在一週內可能會產生什麼樣的影響？畢竟，華盛頓的情況並不是需要鎮壓騷亂或因特定原因引發的廣泛混亂。</p>
</div><p>The haziness around the objectives may make a further extension of the federal role more likely. Trump would, presumably, justify such a move on the basis that there was still more work to be done.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>目標的不明確可能使聯邦角色進一步擴展的可能性增加。特朗普可能會以仍有更多工作要做為理由來為此舉辯護。</p>
</div><p>But multiple reports from the hours after Trump’s announcement, when there was supposed to be an increased federal law enforcement presence, did not reveal anything out of the ordinary.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>但在特朗普宣佈後幾個小時的多份報道中，當時應該有增加的聯邦執法人員出現，卻沒有發現任何異常情況。</p>
</div><p>An Associated Press report, for example, noted that “a two-hour tour of the D.C. streets, starting around 1 a.m. Friday, revealed no evidence of the sort of multi-agency flood of uniformed personnel described in Trump’s announcement.”</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>例如，美聯社的一份報道指出，“週五凌晨 1 點開始的華盛頓街頭兩小時巡邏，並未發現特朗普公告中所描述的多機構制服人員的湧現。”</p>
</div><h2><strong>Could Trump take over the D.C. police?</strong></h2>
<div class="lb-trans"><h2><strong>特朗普會接管華盛頓警察局嗎？</strong></h2>
</div><p>The short answer is, yes. The bigger question is whether he would want to do so.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>簡短的回答是，會。更大的問題是他是否想這樣做。</p>
</div><p>The District enjoys its current measure of autonomy because of the Home Rule Act of 1973. The legislation reserves some powers for Congress and for the president.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>由於 1973 年的《地方自治法》，華盛頓特區享有當前的自治權。該立法為國會和總統保留了一些權力。</p>
</div><p>Section 740 of the Act notes that if a President “determines that special conditions of an emergency nature exist,” then the D.C. mayor must lend him “such services of the Metropolitan Police Force as the President may deem necessary and appropriate.”</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>該法第 740 條指出，如果總統 “確定存在特殊的緊急情況”，則華盛頓特區市長必須向他提供 “華盛頓特區警察局認為必要和適當的服務”。</p>
</div><p>There are some caveats to this power, however.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>然而，這項權力有一些限制。</p>
</div><p>In the first instance, a president cannot take over those powers for longer than 48 hours unless, during that period, he provides a written explanation of his reasons to Congress — or, more specifically, to the chairman and ranking member of the Senate and House committees that pertain to D.C.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>首先，除非在此期間向國會提供書面解釋，否則總統不能將這些權力的接管時間延長超過 48 小時——更具體地説，是向與華盛頓特區相關的參眾兩院委員會的主席和排名成員提供解釋。</p>
</div><p>Trump, however, could likely satisfy this requirement, given the GOP majorities in both chambers.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>然而，考慮到共和黨在兩院的多數地位，特朗普可能能夠滿足這一要求。</p>
</div><p>The more salient constraint, therefore, might be the fact that there is a 30-day limit on this power, even if congressional notification is provided.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>因此，更顯著的限制可能是，即使提供了國會通知，這項權力也有 30 天的限制。</p>
</div><p>Politically speaking, there is also a question of whether Trump would want to make such a dramatic move.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>從政治角度來看，特朗普是否願意採取如此激烈的舉動也是一個問題。</p>
</div><p>Washington is a very Democratic city — Vice President Harris got more than 90 percent of the vote last November — and reaction to Trump seizing the reins of the local police would surely be negative.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>華盛頓是一個非常民主的城市——副總統哈里斯在去年 11 月的選舉中獲得了超過 90% 的選票——特朗普接管地方警察的反應無疑會是負面的。</p>
</div><h2><strong>How about the National Guard?</strong></h2>
<div class="lb-trans"><h2><strong>國民警衞隊呢？</strong></h2>
</div><p>Here, again, Trump has lots of remove to maneuver. The District of Columbia National Guard can be directed at the behest of the president, in contrast to full states where the power to deploy the Guard resides with the governor.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>在這裏，特朗普同樣有很多操作空間。與州完全不同，華盛頓特區的國民警衞隊可以根據總統的要求進行指揮。</p>
</div><p>The D.C. National Guard has been at pains to point out that it has not, as yet, been deployed.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>華盛頓特區國民警衞隊一直在努力指出，它尚未被部署。</p>
</div><p>A spokesperson for the D.C. Guard told CNN on Friday that the force has not been activated and that any “presence of National Guardsmen and vehicles seen this week and throughout the weekend are related to required training.”</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>華盛頓特區國民警衞隊的一位發言人週五告訴 CNN，該部隊尚未被激活，任何 “本週及整個週末看到的國民警衞隊士兵和車輛的存在與必要的訓練有關。”</p>
</div><h2><strong>What could go wrong?</strong></h2>
<div class="lb-trans"><h2><strong>可能會出什麼問題？</strong></h2>
</div><p>Quite a lot.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>可能會出很多問題。</p>
</div><p>For a start, Trump could get into more of a pitched battle with Bowser.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>首先，特朗普可能會與鮑澤展開更激烈的鬥爭。</p>
</div><p>The mayor has pursued a much more conciliatory approach toward Trump during his second term than she did during his first. She has been supportive of a task force he set up in March and has refrained from comment on his latest moves.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>市長在第二個任期內對特朗普採取了比第一次任期更為和解的態度。她支持他在 3 月成立的一個工作組，並對他最近的舉動保持沉默。</p>
</div><p>That’s partly a testament to D.C.’s dependence upon the federal government in numerous ways. Congress in effect withheld $1.1 billion from the District’s budget earlier this year. The federal workforce is of enormous economic importance to the overall D.C. area.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>這在一定程度上反映了華盛頓在多個方面對聯邦政府的依賴。今年早些時候，國會實際上從特區的預算中扣留了 11 億美元。聯邦工作隊對整個華盛頓特區地區的經濟至關重要。</p>
</div><p>But whether Bowser can remain quiet if Trump expands his control over D.C. is highly questionable. Washingtonians are already sensitive about their circumscribed rights.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>但如果特朗普擴大對華盛頓特區的控制，鮑澤是否能保持沉默則是一個很大的疑問。華盛頓居民對他們有限的權利已經非常敏感。</p>
</div><p>There are more macabre things that could go wrong too. Any especially egregious violent crime could make Trump more insistent on federal control. Conversely, any excessive force used against D.C. residents by federal personnel deployed by Trump could ignite new tensions.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>還有一些更為可怕的事情可能會出錯。任何特別嚴重的暴力犯罪都可能使特朗普更加堅持聯邦控制。相反，特朗普派遣的聯邦人員對華盛頓居民使用過度武力可能會引發新的緊張局勢。</p>
</div><h2><strong>Can Trump repeal Home Rule itself?</strong></h2>
<div class="lb-trans"><h2><strong>特朗普能否廢除地方自治法？</strong></h2>
</div><p>Realistically, no.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>現實情況是，不能。</p>
</div><p>Doing this would require repealing the legislation.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>這樣做需要廢除相關立法。</p>
</div><p>The House might go along with that, but Trump would need 60 votes in the Senate. Even if every Republican voted in favor, he would still need the backing of seven Democrats — a highly unlikely scenario.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>眾議院可能會同意，但特朗普在參議院需要獲得 60 票支持。即使每位共和黨人都投贊成票，他仍然需要七位民主黨的支持——這是一種極不可能的情況。</p>
</div><p><em>Additional reporting: Tanya Noury.</em></p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p><em>補充報道：Tanya Noury.</em></p>
</div>

特朗普對抗華盛頓：這場戰鬥的下一步是什麼？