<p>你的魔法數字是多少？也就是説，你需要多少才能退休？那麼，你什麼時候需要它？這些問題是投資者幾十年來一直在問自己的，自從退休儲蓄賬户取代養老金和社會保障成為大多數人主要的退休收入來源以來。</p>
<p>當然，沒有絕對正確的答案，因為每個人的需求都不同。有些人可能只需要更少的金額，而其他人則會想要更多。</p>
<p>儘管如此，有一個基本的經驗法則可以幫助你確定你的大致數字。</p>
<p><img src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://g.foolcdn.com/image//query-b3A9cmVzaXplJnVybD1odHRwczovL2cuZm9vbGNkbi5jb20vZWRpdG9yaWFsL2ltYWdlcy84MzE3NzUvcmV0aXJlZC1jb3VwbGUtbG9va3MtYXQtcGFwZXJzLmpwZyZ3PTcwMA?x-oss-process=image/auto-orient,1/interlace,1/resize,w_1440,h_1440/quality,q_95/format,jpg" alt="" original-src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://g.foolcdn.com/image//query-b3A9cmVzaXplJnVybD1odHRwczovL2cuZm9vbGNkbi5jb20vZWRpdG9yaWFsL2ltYWdlcy84MzE3NzUvcmV0aXJlZC1jb3VwbGUtbG9va3MtYXQtcGFwZXJzLmpwZyZ3PTcwMA"/></p>
<p>圖片來源：Getty Images。</p>
<h2>以倍數思考</h2>
<p>幾乎每個人都希望在退休時擁有無限的資金可供支配。然而，這並不是一個現實的選擇。</p>
<p>然而，現實的是能夠維持你在工作期間享受的生活標準。將 10% 到 15% 的薪水存起來應該能滿足大多數人的需求。</p>
<p>不過，這仍然只是一個程序性目標。如果你不明智地投資你所儲蓄的錢，這並不一定意味着你會實現確保自己擁有充足退休金的最終目標。一個具體的數字目標實際上使你更容易制定一個儲蓄和投資計劃，以便達到目標，並讓你在過程中檢查進展並進行必要的調整。</p>
<p>以此為背景，在 67 歲時，你應該擁有大約 11 倍於你職業生涯後期平均年薪的儲蓄。例如，如果你在工作生涯後期的年薪為 100,000 美元，那麼在你 67 歲時，理想情況下你應該至少有超過 100 萬美元的儲蓄。</p>
<p>這至少是來自共同基金公司 <strong>普信金融</strong> 的建議，儘管這與經紀公司 Edward Jones 和共同基金公司（以及退休計劃管理者）Fidelity 的退休規劃建議一致。</p>
<p>這只是一個相對寬泛的可用退休儲蓄金額的中點。你可能只需要儲蓄職業生涯後期薪水的八倍，而那些儲蓄高達 14 倍的人可能在退休後仍然難以維持他們在工作期間習慣的生活方式。退休時這筆錢的投資方式也是一個因素。</p>
<p>不過，你明白了。一般來説，大多數投資者應該能夠在退休時繼續過着與工作時相似的生活，前提是他們儲蓄了大約 11 倍於職業生涯後期薪水的金額。</p>
<h2><strong>但為什麼是 67 歲？</strong></h2>
<p>那麼，為什麼是 67 歲？為什麼不是 62 歲或 72 歲？</p>
<p>你當然可以在你希望的年齡退休。只是要記住，退休越早，財務上可能越困難。在 62 歲時提前五年退休，不僅意味着你錯過了五年的退休儲蓄貢獻，還錯過了這五年儲蓄的增長。考慮到複利的運作方式，任何長期儲蓄週期的最後五年可能會對你的退休金規模產生巨大影響。</p>
<p>你也沒有必要在 67 歲時停止工作。如果你願意並且能夠，你可以在那之後再工作五年（或更長時間），享受額外五年的退休賬户貢獻以及其持續增長。</p>
<p>不過，現實是，即使可以，大多數人也不願意工作那麼久。在 67 歲時，你通常仍然健康，能夠享受生活的許多樂趣。</p>
<p>不過，還有另一個重要原因，你可能希望在 67 歲時退休。那就是，這可能是開始領取社會保障退休福利的理想年齡。</p>
<p>不過，這並不是你唯一的選擇。你可以在 62 歲時開始領取福利。只要知道，這樣做會將你的月支付減少多達 30%，相較於你在所謂的完全退休年齡（FRA）67 到 68 歲之間應得的金額（具體取決於你的出生年份）。</p>
<p>相反，等到 70 歲時開始領取社會保障福利，將至少增加你在官方完全退休年齡時應得的支付金額的 24%。不過，如前所述，等待那麼久可能超出了大多數人希望開始黃金歲月的時間。在 67 或 68 歲時按你的完全退休年齡領取福利，可以讓你獲得 100% 的社會保障福利，這與來自你自己退休儲蓄的收入結合在一起，應該能夠在退休時提供相當不錯的生活方式。</p>
<h2>玩心理遊戲</h2>
<p>但如果你離這個基於薪水的倍數相差甚遠（或知道到時不會達到）怎麼辦？沒關係。大多數人實際上並沒有達到這個退休儲蓄目標。也無所謂。僅僅有一個目標——任何目標——仍然比大多數在飛行中摸索的投資者更具優勢。沒有目標往往意味着你缺乏繼續儲蓄和投資所需的結構或紀律，即使在困難時期也是如此。問題是，這往往是你最終為儲蓄努力播下最大回報種子的時刻。</p>
<p>所以，如果你還沒有，現在就設定一個具體的儲蓄目標。然後把它寫下來。確保這個目標對你來説是現實的，但也不要害怕逼自己去挑戰；當你的大腦確切知道你想要實現什麼時，往往會找到實現那些難以達到的目標的方法。然後從這個目標開始倒推，規劃出你需要在這段時間內儲蓄多少，以及你在此期間需要看到的儲蓄回報。最後，如果你已經做到這一點，設定一些里程碑目標，以保持正確的進度。如果你能養成朝着目標邁出小而穩定的步伐，你可能會驚訝於你的目標實際上是多麼可實現。</p>
<p>不過，最重要的是，先從某個地方開始。一切都始於設定目標。</p>

普信金融

<p>根據 T. Rowe Price 的建議，退休人員在 67 歲時應目標儲蓄約為其職業生涯後期薪資的 11 倍。例如，如果年薪為 100,000 美元，那麼理想情況下應儲蓄超過 100 萬美元。雖然有些人可能只需儲蓄其薪資的 8 倍，但其他人可能需要高達 14 倍。建議 67 歲退休，因為這可以最大化儲蓄的貢獻和增長，以及獲得最佳的社會保障福利。提前退休可能會顯著減少儲蓄和福利</p>

<p>What's your magic number? That is to say, how much do you need to retire? And for that matter, when will you need it? These are questions investors have been asking themselves for decades, ever since retirement savings accounts displaced pensions and Social Security as most people's primary source of retirement income.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>你的魔法數字是多少？也就是説，你需要多少才能退休？那麼，你什麼時候需要它？這些問題是投資者幾十年來一直在問自己的，自從退休儲蓄賬户取代養老金和社會保障成為大多數人主要的退休收入來源以來。</p>
</div><p>There's no absolute right answer, of course, since everyone's needs are different. Some people would be fine with less. Others will want more.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>當然，沒有絕對正確的答案，因為每個人的需求都不同。有些人可能只需要更少的金額，而其他人則會想要更多。</p>
</div><p>Nevertheless, there's a basic rule of thumb that will help you determine your ballpark number.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>儘管如此，有一個基本的經驗法則可以幫助你確定你的大致數字。</p>
</div><p><img src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://g.foolcdn.com/image//query-b3A9cmVzaXplJnVybD1odHRwczovL2cuZm9vbGNkbi5jb20vZWRpdG9yaWFsL2ltYWdlcy84MzE3NzUvcmV0aXJlZC1jb3VwbGUtbG9va3MtYXQtcGFwZXJzLmpwZyZ3PTcwMA" alt="" original-src="https://g.foolcdn.com/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fg.foolcdn.com%2Feditorial%2Fimages%2F831775%2Fretired-couple-looks-at-papers.jpg&amp;op=resize&amp;w=700"/></p>
<p>Image source: Getty Images.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>圖片來源：Getty Images。</p>
</div><h2>Think in multiples</h2>
<div class="lb-trans"><h2>以倍數思考</h2>
</div><p>Most everyone would love to have an unlimited amount of money to spend in retirement. That's not a realistic option, though.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>幾乎每個人都希望在退休時擁有無限的資金可供支配。然而，這並不是一個現實的選擇。</p>
</div><p>What <em>is</em> realistic, however, is being able to maintain the standard of living in retirement that you enjoyed while in your working years. Tucking away between 10% and 15% of your salary should do the trick for more people.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>然而，現實的是能夠維持你在工作期間享受的生活標準。將 10% 到 15% 的薪水存起來應該能滿足大多數人的需求。</p>
</div><p>Except, that's still only a <em>procedural</em> goal. If you don't wisely invest the money you're saving, it doesn't necessarily mean you'll meet your ultimate goal of assuring yourself a well-funded retirement. A specific numerical <em>target</em> actually makes it much easier to develop a savings and investment plan that will get you there, as well as let you check on your progress and make any required adjustments along the way.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>不過，這仍然只是一個程序性目標。如果你不明智地投資你所儲蓄的錢，這並不一定意味着你會實現確保自己擁有充足退休金的最終目標。一個具體的數字目標實際上使你更容易制定一個儲蓄和投資計劃，以便達到目標，並讓你在過程中檢查進展並進行必要的調整。</p>
</div><p>With that as the backdrop, at the age of 67, you should have about 11 times your average annual salary you were earning at the latter stages of your career. If you were or are making $100,000 per year late in your work-life, for instance, you'd ideally have at least a little more than $1 million in savings when you turn 67.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>以此為背景，在 67 歲時，你應該擁有大約 11 倍於你職業生涯後期平均年薪的儲蓄。例如，如果你在工作生涯後期的年薪為 100,000 美元，那麼在你 67 歲時，理想情況下你應該至少有超過 100 萬美元的儲蓄。</p>
</div><p>That's the suggestion from mutual fund company <strong>T. Rowe Price</strong> anyway, although it jibes with retirement planning advice from brokerage firm Edward Jones and mutual fund outfit (and retirement plan administrator) Fidelity.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>這至少是來自共同基金公司 <strong>普信金融</strong> 的建議，儘管這與經紀公司 Edward Jones 和共同基金公司（以及退休計劃管理者）Fidelity 的退休規劃建議一致。</p>
</div><p>This is just the midpoint of a relatively wide range of serviceable amounts of retirement savings, for the record. You could be fine with as little as eight times your late-career salary saved up, while people with as much as 14 times their highest-earnings might still struggle to fund the lifestyle they've grown accustomed to during their working years once in retirement. <em>How</em> this money is invested in retirement is also a factor.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>這只是一個相對寬泛的可用退休儲蓄金額的中點。你可能只需要儲蓄職業生涯後期薪水的八倍，而那些儲蓄高達 14 倍的人可能在退休後仍然難以維持他們在工作期間習慣的生活方式。退休時這筆錢的投資方式也是一個因素。</p>
</div><p>You get the idea though. Generally speaking, most investors should be able to continue living life as they have while working with about 11 times their late-career salary tucked away for retirement.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>不過，你明白了。一般來説，大多數投資者應該能夠在退休時繼續過着與工作時相似的生活，前提是他們儲蓄了大約 11 倍於職業生涯後期薪水的金額。</p>
</div><h2><strong>But why 67?</strong></h2>
<div class="lb-trans"><h2><strong>但為什麼是 67 歲？</strong></h2>
</div><p>So why 67? Why not 62, or 72?</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>那麼，為什麼是 67 歲？為什麼不是 62 歲或 72 歲？</p>
</div><p>You can certainly retire at an age you wish, to be clear. Just bear in mind that the earlier you retire, the more financially difficult it might be to do so. Retiring five years earlier at the age of 62 will not only mean you miss out on five additional years of contributions to your retirement savings, but will also miss out five additional years' worth of growth of those savings. And given the way compounding works, the last five years of any long-term savings period can make a huge difference in the size of your nest egg.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>你當然可以在你希望的年齡退休。只是要記住，退休越早，財務上可能越困難。在 62 歲時提前五年退休，不僅意味着你錯過了五年的退休儲蓄貢獻，還錯過了這五年儲蓄的增長。考慮到複利的運作方式，任何長期儲蓄週期的最後五年可能會對你的退休金規模產生巨大影響。</p>
</div><p>There's also no requirement that you must stop working at the age of 67. If you're willing and able, you could work another five years after that (or longer) and enjoy an additional five years' worth of contributions to your retirement account as well as its continued growth.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>你也沒有必要在 67 歲時停止工作。如果你願意並且能夠，你可以在那之後再工作五年（或更長時間），享受額外五年的退休賬户貢獻以及其持續增長。</p>
</div><p>Speaking realistically though, that's much longer than most people care to work even if they can. At the age of 67, you're still usually healthy enough to enjoy most of what life has to offer.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>不過，現實是，即使可以，大多數人也不願意工作那麼久。在 67 歲時，你通常仍然健康，能夠享受生活的許多樂趣。</p>
</div><p>There's another big reason you might want to aim to retire at 67 years of age, though. That is, this may also be the ideal age to begin taking your Social Security retirement benefits.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>不過，還有另一個重要原因，你可能希望在 67 歲時退休。那就是，這可能是開始領取社會保障退休福利的理想年齡。</p>
</div><p>It's not your <em>only</em> option, for the record. You can claim benefits as early as the age of 62. Just know that doing so will reduce your monthly payment by as much as 30% of what you were intended to receive at your so-called full retirement age -- or FRA -- of between 67 and 68 (depending on when you were born).</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>不過，這並不是你唯一的選擇。你可以在 62 歲時開始領取福利。只要知道，這樣做會將你的月支付減少多達 30%，相較於你在所謂的完全退休年齡（FRA）67 到 68 歲之間應得的金額（具體取決於你的出生年份）。</p>
</div><p>Conversely, waiting until you're the maximum age of 70 to begin receiving Social Security benefits adds at least 24% to the size of your payments you'd otherwise receive by claiming at your official full retirement age. As noted, however, waiting that long may be more than most people care to begin their golden years. Claiming at your full retirement age of 67 or 68 years provides you with 100% of your intended Social Security benefit, which when paired with income from your own retirement savings should fund a reasonably nice lifestyle in retirement.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>相反，等到 70 歲時開始領取社會保障福利，將至少增加你在官方完全退休年齡時應得的支付金額的 24%。不過，如前所述，等待那麼久可能超出了大多數人希望開始黃金歲月的時間。在 67 或 68 歲時按你的完全退休年齡領取福利，可以讓你獲得 100% 的社會保障福利，這與來自你自己退休儲蓄的收入結合在一起，應該能夠在退休時提供相當不錯的生活方式。</p>
</div><h2>Play the head game</h2>
<div class="lb-trans"><h2>玩心理遊戲</h2>
</div><p>But what if you're nowhere close to this salary-based multiple (or know you won't be when the time comes)? That's OK. Most people don't actually reach this target with their retirement savings. Nor does it matter. Simply having a goal -- <em>any</em> goal -- still better equips you than most investors who are proverbially flying by the seat of their pants. Not having a goal often means you don't have the structure or discipline needed to continue saving and investing even when it's difficult to do so. The thing is, that's often when you end up planting the seeds for the biggest payoffs on your savings efforts.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>但如果你離這個基於薪水的倍數相差甚遠（或知道到時不會達到）怎麼辦？沒關係。大多數人實際上並沒有達到這個退休儲蓄目標。也無所謂。僅僅有一個目標——任何目標——仍然比大多數在飛行中摸索的投資者更具優勢。沒有目標往往意味着你缺乏繼續儲蓄和投資所需的結構或紀律，即使在困難時期也是如此。問題是，這往往是你最終為儲蓄努力播下最大回報種子的時刻。</p>
</div><p>So, if you haven't yet, set a specific savings goal right now. Then put it in writing. Make it realistic for where you are, but don't be afraid to force yourself to stretch either; your brain often figures out a way of meeting hard-to-reach goals when it knows exactly what you're looking to accomplish. Then work your way backwards from that goal, planning out how much you need to save between now and then and the sort of returns you'll need to see on your savings in the meantime. And once/if you've already done that, set some milestone goals that will keep you on the right pace. You might be surprised by how achievable your goal actually is if you can just get into the habit of taking small but steady steps toward it.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>所以，如果你還沒有，現在就設定一個具體的儲蓄目標。然後把它寫下來。確保這個目標對你來説是現實的，但也不要害怕逼自己去挑戰；當你的大腦確切知道你想要實現什麼時，往往會找到實現那些難以達到的目標的方法。然後從這個目標開始倒推，規劃出你需要在這段時間內儲蓄多少，以及你在此期間需要看到的儲蓄回報。最後，如果你已經做到這一點，設定一些里程碑目標，以保持正確的進度。如果你能養成朝着目標邁出小而穩定的步伐，你可能會驚訝於你的目標實際上是多麼可實現。</p>
</div><p>More than anything though, just start somewhere. It all starts with establishing the target.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>不過，最重要的是，先從某個地方開始。一切都始於設定目標。</p>
</div>

67 歲退休者應該投資多少資金才合適？