<p>自特朗普總統於 1 月就職以來，政府擁抱化石燃料，同時迴避可再生能源、氣候行動和相關法規。</p>
<p>以下是政府在 2025 年期間對能源政策進行重大調整的一些主要方式。</p>
<h3>全力支持化石燃料和核能</h3>
<p>特朗普政府支持化石燃料以及核能。它試圖向這些能源來源注入資金，並減少繁文縟節。</p>
<p>在就職的第一天，總統宣佈進入 “能源緊急狀態”——這是為了推動總統支持的能源來源的生產。</p>
<p>那天，他還命令政府在阿拉斯加開放更多的鑽探——他的政府隨後提議這樣做——並審查 “妨礙國內能源資源開發” 的政策。</p>
<p>自那時以來，他的政府提議取消對煤炭和天然氣發電廠的監管。它還免除了數十個煤電廠在汞、鉛、鎳和砷排放方面的更嚴格標準，並推遲了旨在減少煤電廠污染的其他規定。</p>
<p>內政部還大幅縮短了對聯邦土地上化石燃料和採礦項目的環境審查時間。</p>
<p>它還推遲了對石油和天然氣鑽探中温室氣體甲烷的限制，目的是消除這些限制。即使在創紀錄的政府停擺期間，政府仍繼續批准鑽探許可證。</p>
<p>政府還提議大規模擴展海上石油和天然氣鑽探——包括加利福尼亞和佛羅里達沿海。</p>
<p>它還試圖出口更多美國生產的天然氣。</p>
<p>政府表示，最終希望將國家的核能生產能力提高四倍。作為這一努力的一部分，特朗普指示核監管委員會縮短核反應堆環境審查的時間，並重新考慮其輻射標準。</p>
<h3>對可再生能源的攻擊</h3>
<p>自他上任的第一天——甚至在競選期間——總統就試圖阻礙可再生能源，尤其是風能。</p>
<p>在第一天，他發佈命令，阻止政府拍賣在公共土地或公共水域上建設風電場的權利。</p>
<p>自那時以來，政府已暫停了多個海上風電項目的已發放許可證。12 月進一步升級，暫停了五個主要風電項目的租約。</p>
<p>與此同時，總統的 “宏偉、美麗” 的税收法案取消了可再生能源項目的豐厚税收抵免，除非它們在法案生效一年內開始建設或在 2028 年前發電——這對該行業和美國氣候努力造成了重大打擊。該法案還取消了電動車的抵免。</p>
<p>政府還為可再生能源行業設置了額外障礙，包括將太陽能和風能項目置於更高的審查流程中，這可能會減緩批准速度並使大型項目更難獲得批准——這一舉措預計會對太陽能和風能造成傷害。</p>
<p>政府還試圖在機構層面逐步取消拜登時代對許多低碳能源來源的補貼——試圖從環境保護局（EPA）和能源部收回數十億用於綠色項目的資金。</p>
<h3>專注於氣候去監管和否認</h3>
<p>特朗普政府不僅試圖壓制可再生能源，還瞄準了其他氣候政策——甚至淡化或否認氣候變化本身。</p>
<p>EPA 提議撤銷危險性發現——這是 2009 年的一項里程碑式的決定，認為氣候變化對公共健康構成威脅。</p>
<p>這一舉措是為了削減支持該發現的車輛污染限制。相關地，政府提議在交通部撤回車輛燃油效率標準，並在税收大法案中取消違反效率標準的處罰。</p>
<p>與此同時，能源部發布了一份由知名氣候變化懷疑論者撰寫的有爭議的報告，淡化了氣候危機及其影響。這後來被一組氣候科學家駁斥。</p>
<p>政府還針對氣候研究，解僱了曾在國家氣候評估工作中的科學家，並削減了完成國會要求的報告的合同。與此同時，在 12 月，政府表示將 “解散” 位於科羅拉多的氣候研究中心。</p>
<p>特朗普在就職的第一天還採取措施讓美國退出全球巴黎協定——這是各國同意努力限制氣候變化的協議。退出將於 2026 年生效。</p>
<p>政府還未派代表參加在巴西舉行的 COP30 全球氣候談判。它試圖破壞其他全球氣候和環境協議，包括對全球航運徵收碳税的努力。</p>
<p>它還試圖削弱各州的氣候和環境努力，特朗普指示司法部針對妨礙能源開發的州級法律。</p>
<h3>放寬環境法規</h3>
<p>今年，政府開始放寬與水、毒性化學物質等相關的一系列法規。</p>
<p>特朗普指示各機構在 2026 年 10 月之前逐步取消各種能源和環境法規。與此同時，EPA 提議縮小《清潔水法》的法規範圍。</p>
<p>它還提議推遲水務公司遵守 2024 年對飲用水中持久化學物質的里程碑限制，並將該法規縮小到僅適用於兩種化學物質，而不是六種。</p>
<p>它還表示計劃重新考慮對能源、製造和化工行業的有害空氣污染的限制。環保署還表示將重新考慮化工廠工人的安全標準，並提議放寬對潛在有毒化學品的安全篩查。</p>
<p>今年早些時候，特朗普總統還將超過 100 家污染企業從拜登時代旨在限制有毒化學物質排放的污染限制中豁免。</p>
<p>該政府在化學相關政策上的一些舉措不僅遭到了民主黨的反對，也遭到了 “讓美國再次健康” 運動中盟友的抵制。</p>
<h3>擁抱人工智能</h3>
<p>特朗普政府擁抱人工智能（AI）數據中心的建設，這些舉措預計將對環境和氣候產生重大影響。</p>
<p>政府尋求加快數據中心的許可，包括通過創建 “類別排除” 來縮減這些項目的環境評審。</p>
<p>環保署表示將努力加快新化學品的批准，這些化學品預計將用於數據中心。同時，能源部也在推動儘快將數據中心連接到電網。</p>
<h3>解散聯邦勞動力</h3>
<p>政府尋求削減聯邦勞動力，包括在環保機構的人員。</p>
<p>今年早些時候，政府向聯邦工作人員提供了多輪買斷，導致數萬名工作人員離開政府。</p>
<p>包括內政部和國家海洋和大氣管理局（NOAA）在內的各個機構和部門也在年初進行了大規模的試用期員工裁員。</p>
<p>特別是在 NOAA 及其國家氣象局的裁員引發了反對，特朗普政府後來試圖調整員工並招聘氣象學家來填補空缺。</p>
<p>一些機構進行了有針對性的裁員，環保署解散了其研究與發展辦公室，並裁減了在環境正義方面工作的員工，即針對過度負擔和服務不足社區的污染問題。</p>
<p>與此同時，衞生與公共服務部解僱了所有在低收入家庭能源援助計劃中工作的員工。</p>
<p>根據 9 月底的機構應急計劃，像環保署這樣的機構在一年中員工數量減少，員工人數從 2025 年初的超過 17,000 人降至 15,166 人。</p>
<p>聯邦應急管理局（FEMA）也成為特朗普政府的目標，特朗普和國土安全部長克里斯蒂·諾埃姆曾提出要消除該機構。</p>
<p>雖然他們後來將言辭轉向改革該機構，但特朗普和諾埃姆尚未透露改革計劃。CNN 報道稱，計劃將應急管理局的員工人數削減一半。</p>

美國能源

<p>自特朗普總統就職以來，他的政府將化石燃料和核能作為優先事項，減少監管並推動鑽探。政府回撤了可再生能源倡議，停止了風能項目，並削減了可再生能源的税收抵免。該政府還淡化了氣候變化，旨在廢除氣候政策並退出巴黎協定。這些舉措反映了特朗普領導下美國能源和環境政策的重大轉變</p>

<p>Since President Trump’s inauguration in January, the administration has embraced fossil fuels while eschewing renewable energy, climate actions and regulations.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>自特朗普總統於 1 月就職以來，政府擁抱化石燃料，同時迴避可再生能源、氣候行動和相關法規。</p>
</div><p>Here are some of the major ways the administration has shaken up energy policy over the course of 2025.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>以下是政府在 2025 年期間對能源政策進行重大調整的一些主要方式。</p>
</div><h3>All in on fossil fuels, nuclear energy</h3>
<div class="lb-trans"><h3>全力支持化石燃料和核能</h3>
</div><p>The Trump administration has embraced fossil fuels, as well as nuclear energy. It has sought to funnel money toward these energy sources and cut down red tape.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>特朗普政府支持化石燃料以及核能。它試圖向這些能源來源注入資金，並減少繁文縟節。</p>
</div><p>On his first day in office, the president declared an “energy emergency” — part of an effort to jumpstart production from energy sources the president supports.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>在就職的第一天，總統宣佈進入 “能源緊急狀態”——這是為了推動總統支持的能源來源的生產。</p>
</div><p>That day, he also ordered his administration to open up more drilling in Alaska — something his administration has since proposed to do — and review policies that “burden the development of domestic energy resources.”</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>那天，他還命令政府在阿拉斯加開放更多的鑽探——他的政府隨後提議這樣做——並審查 “妨礙國內能源資源開發” 的政策。</p>
</div><p>Since then, his administration has proposed axing regulations on coal and gas power plants. It also exempted dozens of coal plants from stricter standards for mercury, lead, nickel and arsenic emissions ,and moved to delay other rules that aimed to curtail coal plant pollution.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>自那時以來，他的政府提議取消對煤炭和天然氣發電廠的監管。它還免除了數十個煤電廠在汞、鉛、鎳和砷排放方面的更嚴格標準，並推遲了旨在減少煤電廠污染的其他規定。</p>
</div><p>The Interior Department dramatically cut down timelines for environmental reviews of fossil fuel and mining projects on federal lands as well.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>內政部還大幅縮短了對聯邦土地上化石燃料和採礦項目的環境審查時間。</p>
</div><p>It has also delayed limits on planet-warming methane from oil and gas drilling, with an eye on eliminating the restrictions. The administration continued to approve drilling permits even during the record-long government shutdown.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>它還推遲了對石油和天然氣鑽探中温室氣體甲烷的限制，目的是消除這些限制。即使在創紀錄的政府停擺期間，政府仍繼續批准鑽探許可證。</p>
</div><p>The administration has also proposed a massive expansion of offshore oil and gas drilling — including off of the coast of California and Florida.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>政府還提議大規模擴展海上石油和天然氣鑽探——包括加利福尼亞和佛羅里達沿海。</p>
</div><p>It has also sought to export more U.S.-produced natural gas.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>它還試圖出口更多美國生產的天然氣。</p>
</div><p>The administration has said it ultimately hopes to quadruple the nation’s nuclear energy production. As part of that effort, Trump directed the nuclear regulatory commission to cut down on the timeline for nuclear reactor environmental reviews and reconsider its radiation standards.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>政府表示，最終希望將國家的核能生產能力提高四倍。作為這一努力的一部分，特朗普指示核監管委員會縮短核反應堆環境審查的時間，並重新考慮其輻射標準。</p>
</div><h3>Renewable energy attacks</h3>
<div class="lb-trans"><h3>對可再生能源的攻擊</h3>
</div><p>Since his first day in office — and even on the campaign trail — the president has sought to hamper renewable energy, especially wind energy.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>自他上任的第一天——甚至在競選期間——總統就試圖阻礙可再生能源，尤其是風能。</p>
</div><p>On Day 1, he issued an order blocking the government from auctioning off the rights to build wind farms on public lands or in public waters.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>在第一天，他發佈命令，阻止政府拍賣在公共土地或公共水域上建設風電場的權利。</p>
</div><p>Since that time, the administration has halted already-issued permits for the construction of several offshore wind projects. It further escalated this in December, suspending leases for five major wind projects.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>自那時以來，政府已暫停了多個海上風電項目的已發放許可證。12 月進一步升級，暫停了五個主要風電項目的租約。</p>
</div><p>The president’s “big, beautiful” tax bill, meanwhile, axed lucrative tax credits for renewable energy projects unless they begin construction within a year of the bill’s enactment or produce electricity by 2028 — a major blow to both the sector and U.S. climate efforts. The bill also axed credits for electric vehicles.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>與此同時，總統的 “宏偉、美麗” 的税收法案取消了可再生能源項目的豐厚税收抵免，除非它們在法案生效一年內開始建設或在 2028 年前發電——這對該行業和美國氣候努力造成了重大打擊。該法案還取消了電動車的抵免。</p>
</div><p>The administration also put additional hurdles in place for the renewable energy industry, including subjecting solar and wind projects to an elevated review process likely to slow down approval and make it more difficult to approve large projects — a move that was expected to hurt solar and wind power.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>政府還為可再生能源行業設置了額外障礙，包括將太陽能和風能項目置於更高的審查流程中，這可能會減緩批准速度並使大型項目更難獲得批准——這一舉措預計會對太陽能和風能造成傷害。</p>
</div><p>The administration has also sought to phase out Biden-era subsidies for many low-carbon energy sources at the agency level — seeking to claw back billions for green projects at the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Energy Department.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>政府還試圖在機構層面逐步取消拜登時代對許多低碳能源來源的補貼——試圖從環境保護局（EPA）和能源部收回數十億用於綠色項目的資金。</p>
</div><h3>A focus on climate deregulation, denial</h3>
<div class="lb-trans"><h3>專注於氣候去監管和否認</h3>
</div><p>The Trump administration has not only tried to stifle renewable energy, it has also taken aim at other climate policies — and has even downplayed or denied climate change itself.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>特朗普政府不僅試圖壓制可再生能源，還瞄準了其他氣候政策——甚至淡化或否認氣候變化本身。</p>
</div><p>The EPA has proposed to repeal the endangerment finding — a landmark 2009 determination that climate change poses a threat to public health.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>EPA 提議撤銷危險性發現——這是 2009 年的一項里程碑式的決定，認為氣候變化對公共健康構成威脅。</p>
</div><p>The move is part of an effort to cut vehicle pollution limits supported by that finding. Relatedly, the administration has proposed to roll back vehicle fuel efficiency standards at the Transportation Department and zeroed out the penalties for violating the efficiency standards in the tax megabill.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>這一舉措是為了削減支持該發現的車輛污染限制。相關地，政府提議在交通部撤回車輛燃油效率標準，並在税收大法案中取消違反效率標準的處罰。</p>
</div><p>Meanwhile, the Energy Department issued a controversial report written by prominent climate change skeptics that downplayed the climate crisis and its impacts. This was later refuted by a group of climate scientists.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>與此同時，能源部發布了一份由知名氣候變化懷疑論者撰寫的有爭議的報告，淡化了氣候危機及其影響。這後來被一組氣候科學家駁斥。</p>
</div><p>The administration has also targeted climate research, dismissing scientists who had been working on the National Climate Assessment and cutting contracts to complete the congressionally mandated report. Meanwhile, in December, the administration said the government would “break up” a climate research center in Colorado.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>政府還針對氣候研究，解僱了曾在國家氣候評估工作中的科學家，並削減了完成國會要求的報告的合同。與此同時，在 12 月，政府表示將 “解散” 位於科羅拉多的氣候研究中心。</p>
</div><p>Trump, on his first day in office, also moved to withdraw the U.S. from the global Paris Agreement — a pact under which the world’s countries agreed to try to limit climate change. The withdrawal will take effect in 2026.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>特朗普在就職的第一天還採取措施讓美國退出全球巴黎協定——這是各國同意努力限制氣候變化的協議。退出將於 2026 年生效。</p>
</div><p>The administration also did not send representatives to global climate negotiations at the COP30 summit in Brazil. It sought to undermine other global climate and environmental deals, including an effort to impose a carbon tax on global shipping.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>政府還未派代表參加在巴西舉行的 COP30 全球氣候談判。它試圖破壞其他全球氣候和環境協議，包括對全球航運徵收碳税的努力。</p>
</div><p>And it has tried to undermine state-level climate and environment efforts, as Trump directed the Justice Department to target state-level laws that hamper energy development.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>它還試圖削弱各州的氣候和環境努力，特朗普指示司法部針對妨礙能源開發的州級法律。</p>
</div><h3>Loosening environmental regulations</h3>
<div class="lb-trans"><h3>放寬環境法規</h3>
</div><p>The administration this year moved to loosen a number of regulations on issues related to water, toxic chemicals and more.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>今年，政府開始放寬與水、毒性化學物質等相關的一系列法規。</p>
</div><p>Trump directed agencies to sunset a wide array of energy and environmental regulations by October 2026. Meanwhile, the EPA proposed to narrow Clean Water Act regulations.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>特朗普指示各機構在 2026 年 10 月之前逐步取消各種能源和環境法規。與此同時，EPA 提議縮小《清潔水法》的法規範圍。</p>
</div><p>It also proposed to delay water utilities’ compliance with landmark 2024 limits on forever chemicals in drinking water and narrowed that regulation to apply to just two chemicals instead of six.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>它還提議推遲水務公司遵守 2024 年對飲用水中持久化學物質的里程碑限制，並將該法規縮小到僅適用於兩種化學物質，而不是六種。</p>
</div><p>It also indicated that it plans to reconsider restrictions on hazardous air pollution from the energy, manufacturing and chemical industries. The EPA also said it will reconsider safety standards for workers at chemical plants and has proposed to loosen safety screenings for reevaluations of potentially toxic chemicals.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>它還表示計劃重新考慮對能源、製造和化工行業的有害空氣污染的限制。環保署還表示將重新考慮化工廠工人的安全標準，並提議放寬對潛在有毒化學品的安全篩查。</p>
</div><p>Earlier this year, President Trump also exempted more than 100 polluters from Biden-era pollution limits aimed at reining in releases of toxic chemicals.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>今年早些時候，特朗普總統還將超過 100 家污染企業從拜登時代旨在限制有毒化學物質排放的污染限制中豁免。</p>
</div><p>Some of the administration’s chemical-related moves have been met with pushback not only from Democrats but also from its allies in the Make America Healthy Again movement.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>該政府在化學相關政策上的一些舉措不僅遭到了民主黨的反對，也遭到了 “讓美國再次健康” 運動中盟友的抵制。</p>
</div><h3>Embracing AI</h3>
<div class="lb-trans"><h3>擁抱人工智能</h3>
</div><p>The Trump administration has embraced the build out of artificial intelligence (AI) data centers, moves that are expected to have significant environmental and climate impacts.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>特朗普政府擁抱人工智能（AI）數據中心的建設，這些舉措預計將對環境和氣候產生重大影響。</p>
</div><p>The administration has sought to expedite permitting for data centers, including by creating a “categorical exclusion” curtailing environmental reviews of these projects.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>政府尋求加快數據中心的許可，包括通過創建 “類別排除” 來縮減這些項目的環境評審。</p>
</div><p>The EPA has said that it would try to expedite approvals of new chemicals expected to be used for data centers. Meanwhile, the Energy Department has pushed to try to get data centers connected to the power grid more quickly.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>環保署表示將努力加快新化學品的批准，這些化學品預計將用於數據中心。同時，能源部也在推動儘快將數據中心連接到電網。</p>
</div><h3>Dismantling the federal workforce</h3>
<div class="lb-trans"><h3>解散聯邦勞動力</h3>
</div><p>The administration has sought to cut down the federal workforce, including at environmental agencies.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>政府尋求削減聯邦勞動力，包括在環保機構的人員。</p>
</div><p>Earlier this year, it offered rounds of buyouts to federal workers, resulting in the departure of tens of thousands of workers across the government.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>今年早些時候，政府向聯邦工作人員提供了多輪買斷，導致數萬名工作人員離開政府。</p>
</div><p>Various agencies and departments, including Interior and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), also conducted mass layoffs of probationary workers at the start of the year.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>包括內政部和國家海洋和大氣管理局（NOAA）在內的各個機構和部門也在年初進行了大規模的試用期員工裁員。</p>
</div><p>The layoffs at NOAA and its National Weather Service in particular prompted pushback, and the Trump administration later attempted to shuffle employees and hire meteorologists to fill vacancies.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>特別是在 NOAA 及其國家氣象局的裁員引發了反對，特朗普政府後來試圖調整員工並招聘氣象學家來填補空缺。</p>
</div><p>Some agencies saw targeted rounds of firings, with the EPA eliminating its Office of Research and Development and cutting staffers who worked on environmental justice, that is, targeting pollution in overburdened and underserved communities.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>一些機構進行了有針對性的裁員，環保署解散了其研究與發展辦公室，並裁減了在環境正義方面工作的員工，即針對過度負擔和服務不足社區的污染問題。</p>
</div><p>Meanwhile, the Department of Health and Human Services fired all the staffers working on the Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>與此同時，衞生與公共服務部解僱了所有在低收入家庭能源援助計劃中工作的員工。</p>
</div><p>At agencies like the EPA, the workforce dwindled over the course of the year, with 15,166 employees on staff — down from more than 17,000 at beginning of 2025 —according to agency contingency plans from late September.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>根據 9 月底的機構應急計劃，像環保署這樣的機構在一年中員工數量減少，員工人數從 2025 年初的超過 17,000 人降至 15,166 人。</p>
</div><p>The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has also been in the Trump administration’s crosshairs, with Trump and Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem floating eliminating the agency.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>聯邦應急管理局（FEMA）也成為特朗普政府的目標，特朗普和國土安全部長克里斯蒂·諾埃姆曾提出要消除該機構。</p>
</div><p>While they have since moved their rhetoric toward reforming the agency, Trump and Noem have not yet revealed what the reform plans are. CNN reported that it plans to cut the emergency management agency’s workforce in half.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>雖然他們後來將言辭轉向改革該機構，但特朗普和諾埃姆尚未透露改革計劃。CNN 報道稱，計劃將應急管理局的員工人數削減一半。</p>
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特朗普今年是如何改變能源和環境政策的