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<p>首席大法官約翰·羅伯茨於 2025 年 5 月 12 日。（美聯社照片/曼努埃爾·巴爾斯·塞內塔，檔案）- 曼努埃爾·巴爾斯·塞內塔/美聯社</p>
<p>首席大法官約翰·羅伯茨在週三發佈的年度報告中強調了聯邦司法的獨立性，稱其為 “反對多數派的制衡”，並敦促因黨派政治而感到不安的美國人要對憲法保持信心，該報告避免了對現代爭議的直接討論。</p>
<p>羅伯茨在談到國家即將迎來 250 週年時，聚焦於《獨立宣言》，他説創始人們對王冠控制殖民法院感到不滿，並 “糾正了這一缺陷”，建立了一個不受其他部門干擾的司法體系。</p>
<p>“這一安排，自 236 年前建立以來，一直為國家服務良好，” 羅伯茨在報告中寫道，該報告在新年開始前幾個小時由最高法院發佈。</p>
<p>羅伯茨的歷史性聲明沒有提及唐納德·特朗普總統，也沒有提及自他第二次就職典禮以來聯邦法院與白宮之間出現的激烈衝突。</p>
<p>特朗普質疑暫停其政策的法院的合法性，並呼籲彈劾那些對他作出不利裁決的法官。</p>
<p>許多此類案件最終進入最高法院的緊急或 “影子” 日程，特朗普在其中常常能在法院六位保守派法官的多數中找到更為樂於接受的聽眾。這些決定中的許多推翻了下級法院的裁決，幾乎沒有解釋，引發了一些下級法院法官的尖鋭和不尋常的批評，以及幾位法官之間在夏季的公開辯論。</p>
<p>最近幾個月，法院允許特朗普政府取消外國援助和公共衞生資金；臨時解僱許多獨立機構的領導；根據人們的明顯種族、語言或在特定地點的存在，停止並審問他們的移民身份；並要求美國護照上的性別標識與持有者的生物性別一致。上週，法院阻止特朗普在芝加哥部署國民警衞隊。</p>
<p>總的來説，最高法院今年在司法部提出的緊急上訴中支持特朗普的比例超過 80%。</p>
<p>在其常規日程中，法院在 6 月為總統贏得了一項重要勝利，限制了聯邦法院臨時阻止其政策的權力。</p>
<p>在 2026 年，法官們預計將決定特朗普是否可以通過行政命令結束出生公民權，單方面實施廣泛的全球關税，並基於有爭議的抵押貸款欺詐指控解僱聯邦儲備委員會的一位州長。</p>
<h3>關於法官的彈劾</h3>
<p>羅伯茨長期以來傾向於在報告中避免敏感話題，例如沒有提及圍繞最高法院多年存在的倫理爭議。去年，在特朗普就職前夕，他批評忽視聯邦法院裁決的威脅為 “危險”。</p>
<p>即便按照這些標準，週三的報告似乎顯得特別謹慎。</p>
<p>羅伯茨長期以來明確支持獨立的司法體系。儘管他的表述可能微妙且不帶政治色彩，但毫無疑問，首席大法官在這一問題上反映了當前事件。</p>
<p>在某個時刻，羅伯茨提到 1804 年對塞繆爾·蔡斯的彈劾——這是唯一一位曾被彈劾的最高法院法官。</p>
<p>儘管羅伯茨將蔡斯描述為 “有爭議且易怒”，但他的彈劾也與托馬斯·傑斐遜總統的民主共和黨人試圖削弱聯邦黨對司法的控制的黨派權力爭奪有關。</p>
<p>羅伯茨在報告中指出，蔡斯最終被宣告無罪，“儘管參議院中民主共和黨人佔據超多數席位，但許多參議員認為對法官裁決的不滿並不能作為將其免職的有效依據。”</p>
<p>羅伯茨引用了他前任首席大法官威廉·倫奎斯特所著的一本書，表示蔡斯彈劾的結果 “確保了聯邦法官在其所審理案件的裁決中不受國會監督的獨立性。”</p>
<p>在特朗普關於彈劾聯邦法官的言論達到頂峯的三月，羅伯茨發表了一份罕見的公開聲明，強調 “彈劾並不是對司法裁決分歧的適當回應。”</p>
<p>在週三的結束語中，羅伯茨引用了卡爾文·柯立芝總統在一個世紀前談及國家 150 週年時所説的話。在 “衝突利益的碰撞” 和 “黨派政治的混亂” 中，柯立芝表示，美國人可以在《獨立宣言》和憲法中找到 “安慰和慰藉”，並相信他們對自由和正義的呼聲將保持堅定。</p>
<p>“當時如此，” 羅伯茨説。“現在也是如此。”</p>
<p>欲獲取更多 CNN 新聞和通訊，請在 CNN.com 創建賬户。</p>

<p>首席大法官約翰·羅伯茨在他的年度報告中強調了司法獨立的重要性，稱其為在日益加劇的黨派緊張局勢中一種 “反對多數的制衡”。他呼籲美國人信任憲法，並回顧了歷史上對司法權威的挑戰。雖然避免直接提及當代爭議，羅伯茨強調了司法在維護制衡中的作用，引用了對塞繆爾·蔡斯大法官彈劾的歷史教訓，説明司法獨立的重要性。他最後重申了庫立治總統在政治動盪中從基礎文件中尋找安慰的觀點</p>

<p><img src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://s.yimg.com/ny/api/res/1.2/saWG5lDjwcnf5EayJBNB9g--/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjt3PTEyNDI7aD02OTk-/https://media.zenfs.com/en/cnn_articles_875/9aa763cfd712c83f359d4dc1a38e1a3e" alt="" original-src="https://s.yimg.com/ny/api/res/1.2/saWG5lDjwcnf5EayJBNB9g--/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjt3PTEyNDI7aD02OTk-/https://media.zenfs.com/en/cnn_articles_875/9aa763cfd712c83f359d4dc1a38e1a3e"/></p>
<p>Chief Justice John Roberts on May 12, 2025. (AP Photo/Manuel Balce Ceneta, File) - Manuel Balce Ceneta/AP</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>首席大法官約翰·羅伯茨於 2025 年 5 月 12 日。（美聯社照片/曼努埃爾·巴爾斯·塞內塔，檔案）- 曼努埃爾·巴爾斯·塞內塔/美聯社</p>
</div><p>Chief Justice John Roberts touted the independence of the federal judiciary as a “counter-majoritarian check” and urged Americans rattled by partisan politics to keep faith with the Constitution in an annual report Wednesday that steered clear of direct discussion of modern controversies.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>首席大法官約翰·羅伯茨在週三發佈的年度報告中強調了聯邦司法的獨立性，稱其為 “反對多數派的制衡”，並敦促因黨派政治而感到不安的美國人要對憲法保持信心，該報告避免了對現代爭議的直接討論。</p>
</div><p>Focusing on the Declaration of Independence as the nation turns to its 250th anniversary, Roberts said the founders chafed at the crown’s control of colonial courts and “corrected this flaw” by setting up a judiciary that would operate without interference from the other branches.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>羅伯茨在談到國家即將迎來 250 週年時，聚焦於《獨立宣言》，他説創始人們對王冠控制殖民法院感到不滿，並 “糾正了這一缺陷”，建立了一個不受其他部門干擾的司法體系。</p>
</div><p>“This arrangement, now in place for 236 years, has served the country well,” Roberts wrote in the report, which was released by the Supreme Court hours before the start of the new year.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>“這一安排，自 236 年前建立以來，一直為國家服務良好，” 羅伯茨在報告中寫道，該報告在新年開始前幾個小時由最高法院發佈。</p>
</div><p>Roberts’ history-heavy statement made no mention of President Donald Trump, nor the intense conflict that has cropped up between federal courts and the White House since his second inauguration nearly a year ago.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>羅伯茨的歷史性聲明沒有提及唐納德·特朗普總統，也沒有提及自他第二次就職典禮以來聯邦法院與白宮之間出現的激烈衝突。</p>
</div><p>Trump has questioned the legitimacy of courts that paused his policies and called for the impeachment of judges who ruled against him.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>特朗普質疑暫停其政策的法院的合法性，並呼籲彈劾那些對他作出不利裁決的法官。</p>
</div><p>Many of those cases have wound up on the Supreme Court’s emergency, or “shadow,” docket, where the president has often found a more receptive audience among the court’s six-justice conservative majority. Many of those decisions have overturned lower courts with little-to-no explanation, prompting sharp and unusual criticism from a few lower court judges and an open debate over the summer among a few of the justices themselves.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>許多此類案件最終進入最高法院的緊急或 “影子” 日程，特朗普在其中常常能在法院六位保守派法官的多數中找到更為樂於接受的聽眾。這些決定中的許多推翻了下級法院的裁決，幾乎沒有解釋，引發了一些下級法院法官的尖鋭和不尋常的批評，以及幾位法官之間在夏季的公開辯論。</p>
</div><p>The court has allowed the Trump administration in recent months to cancel foreign aid and public health funding; temporarily fire the leadership of many independent agencies; stop and interrogate people about their immigration status based on their apparent ethnicity, language or presence at a particular location; and require the sex designation on US passports to align with the holder’s biological sex. Last week, the court blocked Trump from deploying the National Guard in Chicago.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>最近幾個月，法院允許特朗普政府取消外國援助和公共衞生資金；臨時解僱許多獨立機構的領導；根據人們的明顯種族、語言或在特定地點的存在，停止並審問他們的移民身份；並要求美國護照上的性別標識與持有者的生物性別一致。上週，法院阻止特朗普在芝加哥部署國民警衞隊。</p>
</div><p>In all, the Supreme Court has sided with Trump this year in more than 80% of the emergency appeals filed by the Justice Department.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>總的來説，最高法院今年在司法部提出的緊急上訴中支持特朗普的比例超過 80%。</p>
</div><p>The court, on its regular docket, handed the president an important win in June by limiting the power of federal courts to temporarily block his policies.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>在其常規日程中，法院在 6 月為總統贏得了一項重要勝利，限制了聯邦法院臨時阻止其政策的權力。</p>
</div><p>In 2026, the justices are expected to decide whether Trump may end birthright citizenship through executive order, unilaterally impose sweeping global tariffs and dismiss a governor from the Federal Reserve based on disputed allegations of mortgage fraud.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>在 2026 年，法官們預計將決定特朗普是否可以通過行政命令結束出生公民權，單方面實施廣泛的全球關税，並基於有爭議的抵押貸款欺詐指控解僱聯邦儲備委員會的一位州長。</p>
</div><h3>On the impeachment of judges</h3>
<div class="lb-trans"><h3>關於法官的彈劾</h3>
</div><p>Roberts has long tended to avoid sensitive topics in his report, making no mention of ethics controversies that swirled around the Supreme Court for years, for instance. Last year, on the eve of Trump’s inauguration, he lambasted threats to ignore federal court rulings as “dangerous.”</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>羅伯茨長期以來傾向於在報告中避免敏感話題，例如沒有提及圍繞最高法院多年存在的倫理爭議。去年，在特朗普就職前夕，他批評忽視聯邦法院裁決的威脅為 “危險”。</p>
</div><p>Even by those standards, Wednesday’s report seemed especially cautious.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>即便按照這些標準，週三的報告似乎顯得特別謹慎。</p>
</div><p>Roberts has long made his advocacy for an independent judiciary clear. And while his message may be subtle and apolitical, there was little question that the chief justice — at least on that issue — was reflecting on current events.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>羅伯茨長期以來明確支持獨立的司法體系。儘管他的表述可能微妙且不帶政治色彩，但毫無疑問，首席大法官在這一問題上反映了當前事件。</p>
</div><p>At one point, Roberts writes about the 1804 impeachment of Samuel Chase — the only Supreme Court justice to ever be impeached.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>在某個時刻，羅伯茨提到 1804 年對塞繆爾·蔡斯的彈劾——這是唯一一位曾被彈劾的最高法院法官。</p>
</div><p>Though Roberts describes Chase as “controversial and irascible,” it is also the case that his impeachment was wrapped up in a partisan power grab by President Thomas Jefferson’s Democratic-Republicans, who wanted to weaken the Federalist grip on the judiciary.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>儘管羅伯茨將蔡斯描述為 “有爭議且易怒”，但他的彈劾也與托馬斯·傑斐遜總統的民主共和黨人試圖削弱聯邦黨對司法的控制的黨派權力爭奪有關。</p>
</div><p>Chase was ultimately acquitted, Roberts noted in the report, “despite a supermajority of Democratic-Republicans in the Senate, because many senators concluded that disapproval of a judge’s decisions provided an invalid basis for removal from office.”</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>羅伯茨在報告中指出，蔡斯最終被宣告無罪，“儘管參議院中民主共和黨人佔據超多數席位，但許多參議員認為對法官裁決的不滿並不能作為將其免職的有效依據。”</p>
</div><p>Quoting from a book written by his predecessor, Chief Justice William Rehnquist, Roberts said that the outcome of Chase’s impeachment “assured the independence of federal judges from congressional oversight of the decisions they made in the cases that came before them.”</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>羅伯茨引用了他前任首席大法官威廉·倫奎斯特所著的一本書，表示蔡斯彈劾的結果 “確保了聯邦法官在其所審理案件的裁決中不受國會監督的獨立性。”</p>
</div><p>Roberts in March — at a moment when Trump’s rhetoric on impeaching federal judges had reached a zenith — issued a rare public statement stressing that “impeachment is not an appropriate response to disagreement concerning a judicial decision.”</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>在特朗普關於彈劾聯邦法官的言論達到頂峯的三月，羅伯茨發表了一份罕見的公開聲明，強調 “彈劾並不是對司法裁決分歧的適當回應。”</p>
</div><p>In his closing words Wednesday, Roberts quoted President Calvin Coolidge as he spoke on the nation’s sesquicentennial a century ago. Amid the “clash of conflicting interests” and the “welter of partisan politics,” Coolidge said, Americans could find “solace and consolation” in the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution and confidence that their calls to freedom and justice would remain steady.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>在週三的結束語中，羅伯茨引用了卡爾文·柯立芝總統在一個世紀前談及國家 150 週年時所説的話。在 “衝突利益的碰撞” 和 “黨派政治的混亂” 中，柯立芝表示，美國人可以在《獨立宣言》和憲法中找到 “安慰和慰藉”，並相信他們對自由和正義的呼聲將保持堅定。</p>
</div><p>“True then,” Roberts said. “True now.”</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>“當時如此，” 羅伯茨説。“現在也是如此。”</p>
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首席大法官約翰·羅伯茨在一份充滿歷史背景的報告中推動司法獨立