<p>美國對格林蘭的入侵可能暫時擱置，但特朗普政府在利用其聲稱獲得的稀土元素和關鍵礦產方面將面臨不小的挑戰，這些元素和礦產是作為與北約達成協議的一部分。</p>
<p>特朗普在週三表示，他和北約已經達成了一個&#34;協議概念&#34;，以延長美國在該島的安全足跡以及對其礦產的永久性權利，但沒有提供任何額外的細節或具體信息。能源、化學、金屬和採礦諮詢公司伍德麥肯茲的分析師在特朗普宣佈後於週四發佈了一份報告，指出格林蘭的稀土資產幾乎不可能在商業規模上提取和加工。</p>
<p>&#34;格林蘭擁有相當可觀的、但相對未開發和未勘探的金屬和礦產儲備，&#34;伍德麥肯茲的分析師在報告中解釋道。這個丹麥王國的自治領地被認為擁有世界第八大稀土儲備，並有潛力生產歐盟定義的 34 種關鍵礦物中的 27 種，但儘管如此，它卻沒有一座正在運營的稀土礦。</p>
<p>格林蘭可用的稀土礦物種類繁多。鈰被認為是該島的主要材料，廣泛用於打火石、石油精煉過程和自清潔烤箱等各種用途。還有常見的鑭，廣泛應用於相機、望遠鏡、電池電極和氫存儲系統等。島上還有相當多的釹，廣泛用於稀土磁鐵、激光和電動機等。</p>
<p>鉍、鋱、銪等其他具有關鍵技術應用的元素也可以在格林蘭找到，使其成為一個有吸引力的礦業前景——至少在紙面上是這樣。</p>
<p>分析師補充道：&#34;供應鏈多樣化以擺脱對中國的依賴成為 2025 年前的關鍵行業驅動因素，而格林蘭有潛力成為未來重要的供應商。&#34;</p>
<p>其他人之前確實嘗試過——根據報告（副本已提供給《註冊》），多次嘗試從格林蘭提取稀土元素的工作已經進行了一些超過十年的時間，但幾乎沒有成果。</p>
<p>2007 年開始現場工作的一個礦山自 2021 年格林蘭通過一項法律禁止提取含有過量核元素的非鈾礦物以來，陷入了法律困境。該地點的濃度是法律規定限制的三倍。</p>
<p>島上的另一個地點僅完成了勘探鑽探，而第三個地點預計將在今年開設一個試點設施。</p>
<p>&#34;該國的其他項目同樣處於早期階段，&#34;分析師指出。</p>
<p>我們注意到，計劃設立試點設施的後一個地點計劃向美國出口稀土礦物，因為自 2019 年以來，格林蘭與美國之間已達成諒解備忘錄，以合作開發礦產領域。</p>
<p>沒錯——儘管特朗普在格林蘭的行動中誇誇其談並以確保礦權為部分理由，但美國和格林蘭早在七年前就已經達成了協議。</p>
<h3>無論是否達成協議，提取仍將成本高昂</h3>
<p>在冰層和凍土下埋藏着如此多的關鍵稀土元素，顯然有充分的理由解釋為什麼它們尚未被開發，而伍德麥肯茲的分析師指出，原因有幾個。</p>
<p>首先，格林蘭的孤立。</p>
<ul>
<li>特朗普承諾在 3 周內發放核數據中心許可證，稱格林蘭為'美麗的大冰塊'。 - 被遺棄的美國陸軍'冰下城市'在偶然的 NASA 發現中成像。 - 五角大樓收購美國唯一稀土礦的股份。 - 白宮表示中國將解除稀土出口禁令，停止對美國科技公司的調查。</li>
</ul>
<p>&#34;基礎設施有限，這意味着任何希望開發的公司都必須自行建立運輸和能源基礎設施，&#34;專家解釋道。&#34;當地人口較少，缺乏大型和成熟的礦業部門，意味着需要引進熟練勞動力。&#34;</p>
<p>此外，天氣惡劣，日照時間有限，唯一全年開放的港口位於西南海岸。這使得空中旅行成為往返許多地點的唯一可行途徑，而天氣干擾往往會使這一途徑失效。</p>
<p>然後是精煉，這意味着要將礦物運送到格林蘭唯一的現代港口努克，以便運往國外進行精煉，或者在格林蘭進行精煉，這需要大量的基礎設施、試劑和勞動力進口。</p>
<p>&#34;無論哪種選擇都面臨着巨大的成本，&#34;分析師指出。伍德麥肯茲補充道，當地人對格林蘭增加礦業活動持敵對態度，對潛在的環境和社會影響高度敏感。</p>
<p>總的來説，他們表示，格林蘭的優勢並不多，無法在其他擁有稀土礦牀、基礎設施更完善、勞動力可用且不需要過多投資的地方更容易複製。</p>
<p>&#34;我們預計這些將繼續成為限制格林蘭建立稀土礦業部門的主要因素，無論格林蘭是否仍然是丹麥領土，成為美國領土，還是尋求獨立，&#34;伍德麥肯茲的高級研究分析師大衞·賴利表示。</p>
<p>特朗普的計算是否會因此改變，我們還需拭目以待。考慮到他在與歐盟的成年人交談後迅速放棄了對格林蘭的侵略，這種情況可能會在某個專家設法引起他的注意時儘快發生。®</p>

金屬採礦 ETF - SPDR

稀土戰略金屬指數 ETF - VanEck Vectors

德銀基礎金屬 ETF - PowerShares

全球金屬和採礦生產商 MSCI ETF - iShares

<p>特朗普宣佈與北約達成 “交易概念”，以獲取格林蘭的稀土礦藏，但伍德麥肯茲的分析師警告稱，開採將面臨挑戰。格林蘭擁有豐富的礦藏儲備，但缺乏運營中的礦山，之前的開採嘗試遭遇了法律和後勤障礙。該地區的孤立、基礎設施有限以及惡劣的天氣條件使潛在的採礦作業更加複雜。儘管關鍵礦物的前景誘人，但開採的成本和難度依然相當可觀</p>

<p>The US invasion of Greenland might be off the table for now, but the Trump administration won't have an easy time using the rare earth elements and critical minerals it claims it's getting access to as part of a deal with NATO.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>美國對格林蘭的入侵可能暫時擱置，但特朗普政府在利用其聲稱獲得的稀土元素和關鍵礦產方面將面臨不小的挑戰，這些元素和礦產是作為與北約達成協議的一部分。</p>
</div><p>Trump said on Wednesday that he and NATO had worked out the &#34;concept of a deal&#34; to extend the US' security footprint on the island and rights to its minerals in perpetuity, without offering any additional details or specifics. Analysts at energy, chemicals, metals, and mining consultancy Wood Mackenzie published a report on Thursday following Trump's announcement, noting that Greenland's rare earth assets would be nigh impossible to extract and process on a commercial scale.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>特朗普在週三表示，他和北約已經達成了一個&#34;協議概念&#34;，以延長美國在該島的安全足跡以及對其礦產的永久性權利，但沒有提供任何額外的細節或具體信息。能源、化學、金屬和採礦諮詢公司伍德麥肯茲的分析師在特朗普宣佈後於週四發佈了一份報告，指出格林蘭的稀土資產幾乎不可能在商業規模上提取和加工。</p>
</div><p>&#34;Greenland has significant, though relatively unexplored and undeveloped, reserves of metals and minerals,&#34; Wood Mackenzie analysts explained in the report. The autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark is believed to have the eighth-largest rare earth reserves in the world and the potential to produce 27 of the 34 minerals the EU defines as critical, but despite that it doesn't have a single operating rare earth mine.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>&#34;格林蘭擁有相當可觀的、但相對未開發和未勘探的金屬和礦產儲備，&#34;伍德麥肯茲的分析師在報告中解釋道。這個丹麥王國的自治領地被認為擁有世界第八大稀土儲備，並有潛力生產歐盟定義的 34 種關鍵礦物中的 27 種，但儘管如此，它卻沒有一座正在運營的稀土礦。</p>
</div><p>The rare earth minerals available in Greenland are numerous. Cerium is believed to be the dominant material on the island, and it's used in everything from lighter flints to the oil-refining process to self-cleaning ovens. Also common is Lanthanum, which is used in cameras, telescopes, battery electrodes, and hydrogen storage systems, to name a few applications. There's also quite a bit of Neodymium on the island, which is used in things like rare-earth magnets, lasers, and electric motors.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>格林蘭可用的稀土礦物種類繁多。鈰被認為是該島的主要材料，廣泛用於打火石、石油精煉過程和自清潔烤箱等各種用途。還有常見的鑭，廣泛應用於相機、望遠鏡、電池電極和氫存儲系統等。島上還有相當多的釹，廣泛用於稀土磁鐵、激光和電動機等。</p>
</div><p>Yttrium, Praseodymium, Europium, and others, all with critical tech applications, can each be found in Greenland, making it an attractive mining prospect – at least on paper.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>鉍、鋱、銪等其他具有關鍵技術應用的元素也可以在格林蘭找到，使其成為一個有吸引力的礦業前景——至少在紙面上是這樣。</p>
</div><p>&#34;Diversification of supply chains away from China became a key industry driver through 2025 and Greenland has the potential to become an important future supplier,&#34; the analysts added.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>分析師補充道：&#34;供應鏈多樣化以擺脱對中國的依賴成為 2025 年前的關鍵行業驅動因素，而格林蘭有潛力成為未來重要的供應商。&#34;</p>
</div><p>Others have certainly tried before – per the report, a copy of which was provided to <em>The Register</em>, multiple attempts to extract rare earths from Greenland have been underway, some for more than a decade, but with little to show for it.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>其他人之前確實嘗試過——根據報告（副本已提供給《註冊》），多次嘗試從格林蘭提取稀土元素的工作已經進行了一些超過十年的時間，但幾乎沒有成果。</p>
</div><p>One mine that site work began on in 2007 has been stuck in a legal quagmire since Greenland passed a law in 2021 that banned extraction of non-uranium minerals with excessive concentrations of the nuclear element. The site has levels three times the limit imposed by law.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>2007 年開始現場工作的一個礦山自 2021 年格林蘭通過一項法律禁止提取含有過量核元素的非鈾礦物以來，陷入了法律困境。該地點的濃度是法律規定限制的三倍。</p>
</div><p>Another site on the island has only completed exploratory drilling, and a third site is projected to open a pilot facility sometime this year.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>島上的另一個地點僅完成了勘探鑽探，而第三個地點預計將在今年開設一個試點設施。</p>
</div><p>&#34;Other projects in the country are similarly early-stage,&#34; the analysts noted.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>&#34;該國的其他項目同樣處於早期階段，&#34;分析師指出。</p>
</div><p>That latter site with the planned pilot facility, we note, is planning to export rare earth minerals to the United States, as Greenland and the US have had a memorandum of understanding to cooperate with American companies on mineral sector development since 2019.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>我們注意到，計劃設立試點設施的後一個地點計劃向美國出口稀土礦物，因為自 2019 年以來，格林蘭與美國之間已達成諒解備忘錄，以合作開發礦產領域。</p>
</div><p>That's right - for all of Trump's bluster and threats justifying his action on Greenland in part on the need to secure mineral rights, the US and Greenland worked things out about seven years ago.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>沒錯——儘管特朗普在格林蘭的行動中誇誇其談並以確保礦權為部分理由，但美國和格林蘭早在七年前就已經達成了協議。</p>
</div><h3>Deal or no deal, extraction will still be costly</h3>
<div class="lb-trans"><h3>無論是否達成協議，提取仍將成本高昂</h3>
</div><p>With all those critical rare earths under its ice sheets and frozen tundra, it stands to reason there's a good explanation for why they haven't been exploited yet, and it turns out there are several, according to the Wood Mackenzie analysts.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>在冰層和凍土下埋藏着如此多的關鍵稀土元素，顯然有充分的理由解釋為什麼它們尚未被開發，而伍德麥肯茲的分析師指出，原因有幾個。</p>
</div><p>First, there's Greenland's isolation.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>首先，格林蘭的孤立。</p>
</div><ul>
<li>Trump promises nuclear datacenter permits in 3 weeks, calls Greenland 'big beautiful ice'</li>
<li>Abandoned US Army 'city under the ice' imaged in serendipitous NASA find</li>
<li>Pentagon snaps up ownership stake in America's only rare earths mine</li>
<li>White House says China to lift rare earth export bans, stop probes into US tech companies</li>
</ul>
<div class="lb-trans"><ul>
<li>特朗普承諾在 3 周內發放核數據中心許可證，稱格林蘭為'美麗的大冰塊'。 - 被遺棄的美國陸軍'冰下城市'在偶然的 NASA 發現中成像。 - 五角大樓收購美國唯一稀土礦的股份。 - 白宮表示中國將解除稀土出口禁令，停止對美國科技公司的調查。</li>
</ul>
</div><p>&#34;Infrastructure is limited, meaning any company looking to develop would have to create its own transport and energy infrastructure,&#34; the experts explained. &#34;The local population is small, and a lack of a large and established mining sector means skilled labour would have to be imported.&#34;</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>&#34;基礎設施有限，這意味着任何希望開發的公司都必須自行建立運輸和能源基礎設施，&#34;專家解釋道。&#34;當地人口較少，缺乏大型和成熟的礦業部門，意味着需要引進熟練勞動力。&#34;</p>
</div><p>Additionally, the weather is harsh, daylight is limited, and the only ports that remain open year round are on the southwest coast. That leaves air travel as the only viable path to and from many sites, and weather disruptions would often take that off the table.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>此外，天氣惡劣，日照時間有限，唯一全年開放的港口位於西南海岸。這使得空中旅行成為往返許多地點的唯一可行途徑，而天氣干擾往往會使這一途徑失效。</p>
</div><p>Then there's refinement, which either means getting them to Greenland's only modern port at its capital of Nuuk to ship them abroad for refining, or doing it in Greenland, which would require a whole bunch of infrastructure, reagents, and labor imports.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>然後是精煉，這意味着要將礦物運送到格林蘭唯一的現代港口努克，以便運往國外進行精煉，或者在格林蘭進行精煉，這需要大量的基礎設施、試劑和勞動力進口。</p>
</div><p>&#34;Either option faces significant costs,&#34; the analysts note. Locals are also hostile to increased mining in Greenland, Wood Mackenzie added, with high sensitivity to potential environmental and social impacts.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>&#34;無論哪種選擇都面臨着巨大的成本，&#34;分析師指出。伍德麥肯茲補充道，當地人對格林蘭增加礦業活動持敵對態度，對潛在的環境和社會影響高度敏感。</p>
</div><p>All in all, they said, there's not a lot going for Greenland that can't be duplicated more easily in other places with rare earth deposits, more infrastructure, available labor, and less need to invest excess capital.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>總的來説，他們表示，格林蘭的優勢並不多，無法在其他擁有稀土礦牀、基礎設施更完善、勞動力可用且不需要過多投資的地方更容易複製。</p>
</div><p>&#34;We expect these to remain major limiting factors on Greenland's ability to establish a rare earth mining sector, irrespective of whether Greenland remains a Danish territory, becomes a US territory, or looks to independence,&#34; said Wood Mackenzie senior research analyst David Riley.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>&#34;我們預計這些將繼續成為限制格林蘭建立稀土礦業部門的主要因素，無論格林蘭是否仍然是丹麥領土，成為美國領土，還是尋求獨立，&#34;伍德麥肯茲的高級研究分析師大衞·賴利表示。</p>
</div><p>Whether that will change Trump's calculus will be something we'll have to wait to find out. Given how quickly he caved on his Greenland aggression after chatting with the adults in the EU, that could happen as soon as someone with expertise manages to catch his ear. ®</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>特朗普的計算是否會因此改變，我們還需拭目以待。考慮到他在與歐盟的成年人交談後迅速放棄了對格林蘭的侵略，這種情況可能會在某個專家設法引起他的注意時儘快發生。®</p>
</div>

特朗普稱他在格陵蘭獲得了稀土交易，但這並非易事