<p>[東京] 日本對中東鋁的依賴迫使企業削減生產，並在關鍵航運路線因伊朗衝突被切斷後，爭相尋找替代供應來源。</p>
<p>受影響最嚴重的包括豐田汽車和電裝等汽車及零部件製造商。根據日本最大的汽車行業協會，國內汽車製造商約 70% 的鋁進口來自中東。自 2 月底衝突開始以來，這種輕合金的價格已上漲約 13%。</p>
<p>“雖然只有一個月，但幾乎可以肯定我們很快就會在製造汽車零部件方面遇到困難，” 加藤輕金屬工業的首席執行官加藤大樹在 3 月底的採訪中表示。“我們將更加謹慎地支出並節約能源。”</p>
<p>隨着中東最大的鋁生產商預測恢復全面生產至少需要一年，日本正處於可能演變為長期全球鋁短缺的前沿。摩根大通的分析師上週警告稱，行業已進入一個 “黑洞”，難以輕易恢復。即使達成和平協議，霍爾木茲海峽重新開放，航運恢復正常水平仍可能需要數月時間。</p>
<p>根據日本鋁業協會，日本在 2025 年從中東進口了約 59 萬噸鋁，佔其總供應的約 30%。美國的鋁進口量超過日本，但由於美國公司大部分供應來自國內和加拿大，因此並不面臨鋁短缺的危險，彭博情報表示。</p>
<p>根據標準普爾全球分析師西本雅俊的説法，日本是最容易受到鋁短缺影響的國家。東南亞、中國和韓國也是面臨 “最大風險” 的國家之一。</p>
<p>戰爭不僅減少了霍爾木茲海峽的航運，而且阿布扎比和巴林的關鍵鋁冶煉廠在衝突初期受到損壞，因為伊朗對其地區鄰國進行了攻擊，以回應美國和以色列的襲擊。</p>
<p>受到影響的一家公司是加藤輕金屬。該公司位於愛知縣，生產各種鋁製品，主要用於建築或汽車。</p>
<p>它每月進口約 400 噸鋁，分別來自迪拜和澳大利亞約 200 噸。儘管來自中東的交付已停止，但該公司表示，庫存足夠維持到 5 月。此後，它計劃從東南亞的供應商處購買鋁。</p>
<p>此外，豐田的供應商電裝及其附屬公司在 3 月底表示，已將每月產量減少約 20,000 台，導致了可觀的損失。</p>
<p>即使戰爭結束，該地區的供應限制可能仍會持續數月，因為冶煉廠需要時間恢復運營，航運公司也在努力疏通困在波斯灣的數百艘船隻的瓶頸。</p>
<p>日本的大多數公司通常會保持約兩個月的零部件或原材料庫存。這意味着許多公司可能會在本月底或 5 月初開始遭受干擾。</p>
<p>豐田的發言人拒絕就鋁或即將到來的供應短缺發表評論，但表示他們正在監測情況。日產汽車表示，公司正在 “採取適當措施，包括調整我們的生產和物流運營”。</p>
<p>“衝突開始影響交付和供應，” 日本汽車製造商協會主席及豐田前首席執行官佐藤浩二表示。</p>
<p>鋁是僅次於鋼鐵的最常用金屬。它更輕且散熱性能更好，是活塞、氣缸蓋等發動機部件以及車身面板和合金輪轂的關鍵組成部分。它還用於電子產品、建築材料、啤酒罐和薯片袋等各種產品。</p>
<p>供應中斷可能導致公司某些專業產品的短缺，迫使工廠暫時停工。戰爭拖得越久，供應鏈恢復所需的時間就越長，生產完全停滯的風險也隨之增加。</p>
<p>“製造商開始尋求替代品，因為他們的庫存開始枯竭，” 日本鋁業協會的飯田浩二表示。“這是一個極其困難的局面，中小企業的擔憂很高。” 彭博社</p>

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豐田汽車

<p>日本的鋁供應受到伊朗持續衝突的嚴重影響，迫使製造商，特別是汽車行業，減少生產並尋求替代來源。像豐田和電裝這樣的公司面臨重大挑戰，自 2 月底以來鋁價上漲了 13%。分析師警告稱，全球短缺可能會持續，因為中東的主要航運路線和煉油廠受到干擾。日本對中東鋁的高度依賴可能會導致嚴重的供應限制，從而導致潛在的工廠停產和中小企業運營困難加劇</p>

<p>[TOKYO] Japan’s reliance on the Middle East for aluminium is forcing companies to cut back on production and scramble for alternative supply sources after key shipping routes were severed due to the Iran conflict.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>[東京] 日本對中東鋁的依賴迫使企業削減生產，並在關鍵航運路線因伊朗衝突被切斷後，爭相尋找替代供應來源。</p>
</div><p>Among the most exposed are auto and parts makers such as Toyota Motor and Denso. Domestic carmakers get about 70 per cent of their aluminium imports from the Middle East, according to the nation’s top auto lobby. The price of the lightweight alloy, used in everything from engine parts to wheels, has jumped about 13 per cent since hostilities started in late February.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>受影響最嚴重的包括豐田汽車和電裝等汽車及零部件製造商。根據日本最大的汽車行業協會，國內汽車製造商約 70% 的鋁進口來自中東。自 2 月底衝突開始以來，這種輕合金的價格已上漲約 13%。</p>
</div><p>“It’s only been a month but it’s almost certain that we will soon have trouble making automobile parts,” Daiki Kato, CEO of Kato Light Metal Industry, said in an interview in late March. “We are going to spend more selectively and conserve our energy.”</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>“雖然只有一個月，但幾乎可以肯定我們很快就會在製造汽車零部件方面遇到困難，” 加藤輕金屬工業的首席執行官加藤大樹在 3 月底的採訪中表示。“我們將更加謹慎地支出並節約能源。”</p>
</div><p>With the Middle East’s top aluminium producer predicting it would take at least a year to restore full production, Japan is at the forefront of what may spiral into a prolonged global shortage of the metal. JPMorgan Chase analysts warned last week that the industry had entered a “black hole” it will not easily come back from. Even if a peace deal is reached and the vita; Strait of Hormuz reopens, it could still take months for shipping to resume normal levels.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>隨着中東最大的鋁生產商預測恢復全面生產至少需要一年，日本正處於可能演變為長期全球鋁短缺的前沿。摩根大通的分析師上週警告稱，行業已進入一個 “黑洞”，難以輕易恢復。即使達成和平協議，霍爾木茲海峽重新開放，航運恢復正常水平仍可能需要數月時間。</p>
</div><p>Japan imported around 590,000 tonnes of aluminium, or about 30 per cent of its total supply from the Middle East in 2025, according to the Japan Aluminium Association. America imports more aluminium than Japan but US companies are not in danger of running out of aluminium because they get most of their supply at home and Canada, according to Bloomberg Intelligence.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>根據日本鋁業協會，日本在 2025 年從中東進口了約 59 萬噸鋁，佔其總供應的約 30%。美國的鋁進口量超過日本，但由於美國公司大部分供應來自國內和加拿大，因此並不面臨鋁短缺的危險，彭博情報表示。</p>
</div><p>Japan is the most vulnerable country to aluminium shortages, according to S&amp;P Global analyst Masatoshi Nishimoto. South-east Asia, China and South Korea are also among nations that face “the greatest risk”, he said.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>根據標準普爾全球分析師西本雅俊的説法，日本是最容易受到鋁短缺影響的國家。東南亞、中國和韓國也是面臨 “最大風險” 的國家之一。</p>
</div><p>Not only has the war reduced shipping through the Strait of Hormuz, but key aluminium refineries in Abu Dhabi and Bahrain were damaged in the early stages of the conflict as Iran attacked its regional neighbours in response to the US and Israeli assault.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>戰爭不僅減少了霍爾木茲海峽的航運，而且阿布扎比和巴林的關鍵鋁冶煉廠在衝突初期受到損壞，因為伊朗對其地區鄰國進行了攻擊，以回應美國和以色列的襲擊。</p>
</div><p>One company feeling the impact is Kato Light Metal. Based in Aichi Prefecture, the firm makes a variety of aluminium products, mostly for construction or automobiles.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>受到影響的一家公司是加藤輕金屬。該公司位於愛知縣，生產各種鋁製品，主要用於建築或汽車。</p>
</div><p>It imports about 400 tonnes of aluminium every month, roughly 200 tonnes each from Dubai and Australia. While deliveries from the Middle East have stopped, the company said that it has enough inventory to last through May. Beyond that, it plans to buy aluminium from a supplier in South-east Asia.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>它每月進口約 400 噸鋁，分別來自迪拜和澳大利亞約 200 噸。儘管來自中東的交付已停止，但該公司表示，庫存足夠維持到 5 月。此後，它計劃從東南亞的供應商處購買鋁。</p>
</div><p>Elsewhere, Toyota supplier Denso and its affiliates have had to reduce monthly output by around 20,000 units, the company said in late March, resulting in sizeable losses.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>此外，豐田的供應商電裝及其附屬公司在 3 月底表示，已將每月產量減少約 20,000 台，導致了可觀的損失。</p>
</div><p>Supply constraints from the region could persist for months even if the war finishes, as refineries take time to get back online, and shipping companies work to unclog a bottleneck of hundreds of ships stuck in the Persian Gulf.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>即使戰爭結束，該地區的供應限制可能仍會持續數月，因為冶煉廠需要時間恢復運營，航運公司也在努力疏通困在波斯灣的數百艘船隻的瓶頸。</p>
</div><p>Most companies in Japan often maintain about two months of inventory for parts or raw materials. That means many could start to suffer disruptions by the end of this month or early May.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>日本的大多數公司通常會保持約兩個月的零部件或原材料庫存。這意味着許多公司可能會在本月底或 5 月初開始遭受干擾。</p>
</div><p>Spokespeople for Toyota declined to comment on aluminium or impending supply shortages, but said they’re monitoring the situation. Nissan Motor said that the company is “taking appropriate measures, including adjustments to our production and logistics operations”.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>豐田的發言人拒絕就鋁或即將到來的供應短缺發表評論，但表示他們正在監測情況。日產汽車表示，公司正在 “採取適當措施，包括調整我們的生產和物流運營”。</p>
</div><p>“The conflict is beginning to affect deliveries and supplies,” said Koji Sato, chair of the Japan Automobile Manufacturer’s Association and Toyota’s former CEO.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>“衝突開始影響交付和供應，” 日本汽車製造商協會主席及豐田前首席執行官佐藤浩二表示。</p>
</div><p>Aluminium is the most commonly used metal after steel. Lighter and better at dissipating heat, it’s a key component in engine parts such as pistons and cylinder heads, along with body panels and alloy wheels. It is also used for everything from electronics and building materials to beer cans and potato chip bags.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>鋁是僅次於鋼鐵的最常用金屬。它更輕且散熱性能更好，是活塞、氣缸蓋等發動機部件以及車身面板和合金輪轂的關鍵組成部分。它還用於電子產品、建築材料、啤酒罐和薯片袋等各種產品。</p>
</div><p>The disruption to supplies could lead companies to run out of certain specialised products, forcing factories into temporary shutdowns. The longer the war drags on, the longer supply chains will take to recover, increasing the risk production grinds to a complete halt.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>供應中斷可能導致公司某些專業產品的短缺，迫使工廠暫時停工。戰爭拖得越久，供應鏈恢復所需的時間就越長，生產完全停滯的風險也隨之增加。</p>
</div><p>“Manufacturers are starting to seek out alternatives as their inventories begin to run dry,” said Koji Iida from the Japan Aluminium Association. “It’s an extremely difficult situation and concerns are high among small and medium-sized companies.” BLOOMBERG</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>“製造商開始尋求替代品，因為他們的庫存開始枯竭，” 日本鋁業協會的飯田浩二表示。“這是一個極其困難的局面，中小企業的擔憂很高。” 彭博社</p>
</div>

Japan manufacturers hurt most by aluminium shortage from Iran war

- 日本對中東鋁供應的依賴導致生產削減。  
- 鋁價自衝突開始以來上漲了 13%。  
- 預計鋁供應短缺將持續，可能造成廣泛影響。

日本製造商因伊朗戰爭引發的鋁短缺而受到最大影響