<p>[北京] 中國於週五發佈指導方針，擴大基本公共服務的覆蓋範圍，惠及在工作城市沒有户口的人，這一舉措可能幫助更多的農民工獲得城市公共服務。</p>
<p>這些變化可能為家庭提供更強的社會安全網，並可能增強依賴出口的中國經濟的消費需求。</p>
<p>指導方針呼籲政府機構和地方當局根據人們的常住地而非户口提供公共服務，包括教育和基本醫療。户口主要由出生地決定。</p>
<p>户口（hukou）將一個人享受公共服務的資格主要與其出生地綁定。</p>
<p>這一制度於 1950 年代實施，旨在限制內部遷移，特別是從農村到城市的遷移。持有農村户口的農民工往往難以在他們生活和工作的城市獲得公共服務。政府已嘗試改革這一制度超過十年。</p>
<p><strong>指導方針簡化學校和住房的獲取</strong></p>
<p>“根據居住地提供基本公共服務，逐步消除基本公共服務與户口之間的聯繫，促進基本公共服務的平等獲取……有利於滿足人們對更好生活的日益增長的需求，” 中國國務院在指導方針中表示。</p>
<p>指導方針呼籲地方政府幫助更多的農民工子女——那些與父母一起遷移到城市的孩子——進入公立學校，並允許符合條件的孩子在其居住地參加入學考試。</p>
<p>更多城市應擴大公共租賃住房計劃，覆蓋有穩定就業但沒有當地户口的家庭，並且員工應能夠在其工作地點參與社會保險計劃，指導方針指出。</p>
<p>指導方針還呼籲放寬在兒童保育、老年護理和殘疾支持等領域的户口限制，並鼓勵省級政府擴大對人口流入地區的財政支持，以支付公共服務費用。REUTERS</p>

<p>中國發布了指導方針，以擴大對沒有當地户口的 migrant workers 的基本公共服務的獲取。這一舉措旨在加強社會保障網並刺激經濟中的消費需求。指導方針提倡根據居住地而非出生地來獲取服務，簡化 migrant families 在教育、住房和社會保險方面的獲取。地方政府被鼓勵支持 migrant children 在學校的學習，並擴大公共租賃住房項目，同時在各個領域放寬户口限制</p>

<p>[BEIJING] China issued guidelines on Friday to expand coverage of basic public services to people who don’t have household registration in the cities where they work, a move that could help more migrant workers access urban public services.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>[北京] 中國於週五發佈指導方針，擴大基本公共服務的覆蓋範圍，惠及在工作城市沒有户口的人，這一舉措可能幫助更多的農民工獲得城市公共服務。</p>
</div><p>The changes could provide a stronger social safety net for households and potentially bolster consumer demand in the export-reliant Chinese economy.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>這些變化可能為家庭提供更強的社會安全網，並可能增強依賴出口的中國經濟的消費需求。</p>
</div><p>The guidelines call on government agencies and local authorities to provide public services, including education and basic medical care, based on people’s regular residence rather than their household registration, which is mainly determined by their place of birth.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>指導方針呼籲政府機構和地方當局根據人們的常住地而非户口提供公共服務，包括教育和基本醫療。户口主要由出生地決定。</p>
</div><p>The household registration, or hukou in Chinese, binds a person’s eligibility to public services mainly to their birthplace.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>户口（hukou）將一個人享受公共服務的資格主要與其出生地綁定。</p>
</div><p>The system was adopted in the 1950s for limiting internal migration, especially from rural to urban areas. Migrant workers who hold rural hukou from their hometowns often struggle to access public services in the cities where they live and work. The government has tried for more than a decade to reform the system.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>這一制度於 1950 年代實施，旨在限制內部遷移，特別是從農村到城市的遷移。持有農村户口的農民工往往難以在他們生活和工作的城市獲得公共服務。政府已嘗試改革這一制度超過十年。</p>
</div><p><strong>Guidelines ease access to schools and housing</strong></p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p><strong>指導方針簡化學校和住房的獲取</strong></p>
</div><p>“Providing basic public services by the place of residence, gradually eliminating the link between basic public services and household registration, and promoting equal access to basic public services ... are conducive to meeting people’s growing needs for a better life,” China’s State Council said in the guidelines.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>“根據居住地提供基本公共服務，逐步消除基本公共服務與户口之間的聯繫，促進基本公共服務的平等獲取……有利於滿足人們對更好生活的日益增長的需求，” 中國國務院在指導方針中表示。</p>
</div><p>The guidelines call on local governments to assist more migrant children - those who move to cities with their parents - to attend public schools and let eligible ones take school entrance exams in their place of residence.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>指導方針呼籲地方政府幫助更多的農民工子女——那些與父母一起遷移到城市的孩子——進入公立學校，並允許符合條件的孩子在其居住地參加入學考試。</p>
</div><p>More cities should expand public rental housing programmes to cover households with stable employment but no local hukou, and employees should be able to participate in the social insurance scheme in their places of work, the guidelines say.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>更多城市應擴大公共租賃住房計劃，覆蓋有穩定就業但沒有當地户口的家庭，並且員工應能夠在其工作地點參與社會保險計劃，指導方針指出。</p>
</div><p>The guidelines also call for relaxing hukou restrictions in sectors such as child care, elderly care and disability support, and encourage provincial-level governments to expand fiscal support for areas with population inflows to pay for public services. REUTERS</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>指導方針還呼籲放寬在兒童保育、老年護理和殘疾支持等領域的户口限制，並鼓勵省級政府擴大對人口流入地區的財政支持，以支付公共服務費用。REUTERS</p>
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中國計劃擴大農民工的公共服務獲取渠道