<p>在印度尼西亚发生了一起罕见的母杀案，一名 12 岁女孩因涉嫌谋杀其母亲被逮捕，这一事件引发了人们对该国青少年嫌疑人处理方式的关注。\n 这名女孩因年龄原因仅被称为 AL，涉嫌在 12 月 10 日清晨杀害她的母亲法伊扎·索拉雅，当时索拉雅在他们位于北苏门答腊省美丹的家中睡觉。\n 索拉雅的尸体上有 26 处刀伤，AL 据称用厨房刀袭击了她，惊醒了她的妹妹和父亲，后者移走了作案工具并拨打了急救电话。\n 这名 42 岁的女性在现场被宣布死亡。\n“调查已确定 AL 是与法律发生冲突的儿童，她被控违反家庭暴力法的相关条款，” 美丹警方局长让·卡尔维因·西曼君塔克在 12 月 29 日的新闻发布会上表示，并补充说 AL 还被控谋杀。\n 马莱卡特法律国际事务所告诉《亚洲周刊》，印度尼西亚刑法在 2012 年实施的青少年刑事司法系统后，明确区分了成年人和儿童犯罪者。“与法律发生冲突的儿童” 这一术语适用于 12 至 17 岁的嫌疑人。\n\n“这一条款表明，印度尼西亚的刑事责任最低年龄为 12 岁。因此，超过 12 岁的儿童可以在法律上承担刑事责任，但与成年人犯罪者不同，只能根据特殊条款被判处刑事处罚或措施。”\n 比纳努桑塔大学的刑法讲师阿赫马德·索菲安告诉《亚洲周刊》，虽然 AL 的案件 “非常令人担忧”，但这仍然是一个刑事问题，青少年和成年犯罪者的处理方式存在差异。\n“在处理儿童犯罪者时，首先必须进行对家庭中可能导致儿童犯罪的社会、心理和养育因素的研究。根据青少年刑事司法系统，这项研究是强制性的，” 他说。\n“某些儿童犯罪案件可以通过恢复性司法机制在法庭外解决。犯罪的儿童不能被判处超过 10 年的监禁，并且禁止判处无期徒刑或死刑。”\n 不同的处理方式\n 在印度尼西亚，18 岁以下的儿童在青少年拘留中心服刑，而不是实际监狱。\n 由于年龄原因，AL 被安置在一个安全屋，享有继续教育等权利，警方表示。她仍在专家的严格监督下，包括儿童心理学家。\n 母杀，即杀害自己母亲，是一种极为罕见的犯罪，尽管全球数据难以获取，因为许多国家将母杀归入更广泛的女性杀害（即与性别相关的女性和女孩的杀害）之下。\n 根据联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室去年 11 月发布的数据，2024 年全球约有 50,000 名女性和女孩被家庭成员或伴侣杀害，在 83,000 名故意杀害的女性和女孩中占比。\n 然而，该机构表示，由于报告不足，这些数字可能更高。\n\n\n 在美丹案件中，兰邦曼古拉特大学的心理学讲师拉赫米·法乌齐亚告诉《亚洲周刊》，有两个重要的 “因果因素”。\n“内部因素是养育模式的结果，显示出暴力的指标，” 她说。“导致犯罪的外部因素则源于环境影响，其中之一是社交媒体。”\n 根据警方调查，索拉雅据称经常用刀威胁她的丈夫和两个女儿，并且对家庭成员施加暴力已有数年。\n 警方补充说，AL 在玩在线游戏《谋杀之谜》和观看包含类似武器谋杀情节的动漫《名侦探柯南》后，受到启发使用刀具。\n 印度尼西亚通过女性和儿童保护综合服务单位为家庭暴力受害者提供专业支持，但由于社会污名，家庭有时不愿报告案件，法乌齐亚表示。\n 美丹的心理学家伊尔娜·米瑙利告诉《亚洲周刊》，与法律发生冲突的儿童大多数也是受害者。\n“例如，他们是功能失调家庭的受害者，经历过暴力或接触过电视或社交媒体，这些都激励了他们的行为。当然，并不是所有观看或玩暴力主题游戏的儿童都会成为杀人犯，但潜在的诱因需要被考虑，” 她说。\n“在家庭中接触暴力的儿童是一个更脆弱的群体。”\n 责任年龄\n 在全球范围内，没有设定的刑事责任年龄，尽管根据联合国儿童权利委员会的说法，全球平均为 12 岁，该委员会建议至少应为 14 岁。\n 在印度尼西亚，多年来法律专家和人权倡导者对提高这一门槛进行了讨论，尽管由于已有的特殊立法，这一提议未能获得太多支持。\n“青少年刑事司法系统优先考虑儿童的最佳利益、恢复性司法，并将监禁作为最后手段，” 马莱卡特法律国际事务所表示。“对儿童可以施加的最高刑罚是成年人最高刑罚的一半。”\n\n 法医心理学家法乌齐亚同意，由于对儿童和成年人犯罪者采取不同的处理方式，法律已经相当健全。“区别在于惩罚的目的和类型。对于儿童来说，目的是康复；对于成年人来说，目的是问责。”\n 然而，米瑙利表示，即使在现有的所有规定下，仍然可以提出将刑事责任年龄提高到 18 岁的理由。\n“12 岁的儿童尚未具备承担责任的意识。他们仍处于具体运算阶段，因此只关注他们所知道的事物，” 她说。\n“当涉及到他们行为的后果时，他们根本无法想象。”</p>

<p>一名 12 岁的印度尼西亚女孩，名为 AL，因涉嫌谋杀其母亲法伊扎·索拉雅（Faizah Soraya）而被逮捕。法伊扎身上有 26 处刀伤。这起案件引发了人们对印度尼西亚未成年罪犯待遇的担忧，因为该国的刑事责任最低年龄为 12 岁。在未成年人刑事司法系统下，儿童可以被追究刑事责任，但其处理方式与成年人不同。AL 目前已被安置在安全屋，并在专家的监督下。专家指出，家庭中的家庭暴力历史和媒体的影响等内外部因素都对犯罪产生了影响</p>

<p>A rare case of matricide in Indonesia in which a girl, 12, was arrested for the murder of her mother has put the country’s treatment of juvenile suspects in the spotlight.\nThe child, identified only as AL due to her age, is suspected of having killed her mother, Faizah Soraya, in the early hours of the morning on December 10, when the older woman was asleep in their home in the North Sumatran city of Medan.\nSoraya was found with 26 stab wounds to her body after AL allegedly attacked her with a kitchen knife, waking her sister and father, who removed the alleged murder weapon and called an ambulance.\nThe 42-year-old was pronounced dead at the scene.\n“The investigation has determined that AL is a child in conflict with the law and she is charged with articles under the domestic violence law,” Medan police chief Jean Calvijn Simanjuntak said at a press conference on December 29, adding that AL had also been charged with murder.\nThe Malekat Hukum International Law Firm told This Week in Asia that Indonesian criminal law clearly distinguished between adult and child perpetrators following the enactment of the 2012 Juvenile Criminal Justice System. The term “children in conflict with the law” applies to suspects aged 12 to 17.\n\n“This provision shows that the minimum age of criminal responsibility in Indonesia is 12. So children aged over 12 can legally be held criminally responsible, but are not the same as adult perpetrators and can only be sentenced to criminal penalties or actions based on special provisions.”\nAhmad Sofian, a criminal law lecturer at Bina Nusantara University, told This Week in Asia that while AL’s case was “very concerning”, it was still a criminal matter and there were differences in how juvenile and adult offenders were processed.\n“In dealing with child perpetrators, the first thing that must be done is a study on the social, psychological and parenting factors in the household that may have caused the child to commit a crime. This study is mandatory according to the Juvenile Criminal Justice System,” he said.\n“Some cases with a child perpetrator can be resolved outside the court with a restorative justice mechanism. Children who commit crimes cannot be sentenced to more than 10 years [in juvenile detention], and are prohibited from being sentenced to life imprisonment or the death penalty.”\nDifferent treatment\nIn Indonesia, children under the age of 18 serve custodial sentences in juvenile detention centres rather than actual prisons.\nDue to her age, AL has been placed in a safe house granting her rights such as continuing her education, according to police. She remains under the strict supervision of experts, including child psychologists.\nMatricide, or the killing of one’s own mother, is an extremely rare crime, although global figures are difficult to find as many countries include matricide under the broader umbrella of femicide, or the gender-related killing of women and girls.\nAccording to figures published by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in November last year, around 50,000 women and girls globally were killed by a family member or partner in 2024 out of 83,000 women and girls killed intentionally.\nHowever, these figures were likely to be higher, the agency said, due to under-reporting.\n\n\nIn the Medan case, Rahmi Fauzia, a psychology lecturer at Lambung Mangkurat University, told This Week in Asia there were two important “causal factors”.\n“The internal factors were the result of parenting patterns that showed indicators of violence,” she said. “The external factors that contributed to the crime resulted from environmental influences, one of which was social media.”\nAccording to the police investigation, Soraya allegedly regularly threatened her husband and two daughters with a knife, and had been violent towards her family for several years.\nThe police added that AL was inspired to use a knife after playing the online game Murder Mystery and watching the anime series Detective Conan, which included a murder involving a similar weapon.\nIndonesia has specialised support for victims of domestic violence through the Integrated Service Unit for the Protection of Women and Children, but families are sometimes reluctant to report cases because of social stigma, according to Fauzia.\nMedan-based psychologist Irna Minauli told This Week in Asia that children in conflict with the law were mostly also victims.\n“For example, they were victims of a dysfunctional family, experienced violence or were exposed to television or social media that inspired their actions. Of course, not all children who watch or play games with violent themes become murderers, but underlying predisposing factors need to be considered,” she said.\n“Children who grow up exposed to violence in their families are a more vulnerable group.”\nAge of responsibility\nAround the world, there is no set age of criminal responsibility, although the global average is 12, according to the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child, which recommends that it be at least 14.\nIn Indonesia, there has been some discussion over the years from legal experts and human rights advocates about raising the threshold, although this has failed to gain much traction due to the special legislation already in place.\n“The juvenile criminal justice system prioritises the principle of the best interests of the child, restorative justice and makes imprisonment a last resort,” the Malekat Hukum International Law Firm said. “The maximum sentence that can be imposed on a child is half of the maximum sentence for an adult.”\n\nForensic psychologist Fauzia agreed that the law was already robust due to the different approaches to child and adult offenders. “The difference lies in the purpose and type of punishment. For children, it is rehabilitative. For adults, it is about accountability.”\nHowever, Minauli said that there was a case to be made for raising the age of criminal responsibility to 18 in Indonesia, even with all the current provisions in place.\n“Twelve-year-olds do not yet have the awareness to be held accountable. They are still in the concrete operational stage, so they only focus on what they know,” she said.\n“When it comes to the consequences of their actions, they just can’t imagine them.”\n</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>在印度尼西亚发生了一起罕见的母杀案，一名 12 岁女孩因涉嫌谋杀其母亲被逮捕，这一事件引发了人们对该国青少年嫌疑人处理方式的关注。\n 这名女孩因年龄原因仅被称为 AL，涉嫌在 12 月 10 日清晨杀害她的母亲法伊扎·索拉雅，当时索拉雅在他们位于北苏门答腊省美丹的家中睡觉。\n 索拉雅的尸体上有 26 处刀伤，AL 据称用厨房刀袭击了她，惊醒了她的妹妹和父亲，后者移走了作案工具并拨打了急救电话。\n 这名 42 岁的女性在现场被宣布死亡。\n“调查已确定 AL 是与法律发生冲突的儿童，她被控违反家庭暴力法的相关条款，” 美丹警方局长让·卡尔维因·西曼君塔克在 12 月 29 日的新闻发布会上表示，并补充说 AL 还被控谋杀。\n 马莱卡特法律国际事务所告诉《亚洲周刊》，印度尼西亚刑法在 2012 年实施的青少年刑事司法系统后，明确区分了成年人和儿童犯罪者。“与法律发生冲突的儿童” 这一术语适用于 12 至 17 岁的嫌疑人。\n\n“这一条款表明，印度尼西亚的刑事责任最低年龄为 12 岁。因此，超过 12 岁的儿童可以在法律上承担刑事责任，但与成年人犯罪者不同，只能根据特殊条款被判处刑事处罚或措施。”\n 比纳努桑塔大学的刑法讲师阿赫马德·索菲安告诉《亚洲周刊》，虽然 AL 的案件 “非常令人担忧”，但这仍然是一个刑事问题，青少年和成年犯罪者的处理方式存在差异。\n“在处理儿童犯罪者时，首先必须进行对家庭中可能导致儿童犯罪的社会、心理和养育因素的研究。根据青少年刑事司法系统，这项研究是强制性的，” 他说。\n“某些儿童犯罪案件可以通过恢复性司法机制在法庭外解决。犯罪的儿童不能被判处超过 10 年的监禁，并且禁止判处无期徒刑或死刑。”\n 不同的处理方式\n 在印度尼西亚，18 岁以下的儿童在青少年拘留中心服刑，而不是实际监狱。\n 由于年龄原因，AL 被安置在一个安全屋，享有继续教育等权利，警方表示。她仍在专家的严格监督下，包括儿童心理学家。\n 母杀，即杀害自己母亲，是一种极为罕见的犯罪，尽管全球数据难以获取，因为许多国家将母杀归入更广泛的女性杀害（即与性别相关的女性和女孩的杀害）之下。\n 根据联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室去年 11 月发布的数据，2024 年全球约有 50,000 名女性和女孩被家庭成员或伴侣杀害，在 83,000 名故意杀害的女性和女孩中占比。\n 然而，该机构表示，由于报告不足，这些数字可能更高。\n\n\n 在美丹案件中，兰邦曼古拉特大学的心理学讲师拉赫米·法乌齐亚告诉《亚洲周刊》，有两个重要的 “因果因素”。\n“内部因素是养育模式的结果，显示出暴力的指标，” 她说。“导致犯罪的外部因素则源于环境影响，其中之一是社交媒体。”\n 根据警方调查，索拉雅据称经常用刀威胁她的丈夫和两个女儿，并且对家庭成员施加暴力已有数年。\n 警方补充说，AL 在玩在线游戏《谋杀之谜》和观看包含类似武器谋杀情节的动漫《名侦探柯南》后，受到启发使用刀具。\n 印度尼西亚通过女性和儿童保护综合服务单位为家庭暴力受害者提供专业支持，但由于社会污名，家庭有时不愿报告案件，法乌齐亚表示。\n 美丹的心理学家伊尔娜·米瑙利告诉《亚洲周刊》，与法律发生冲突的儿童大多数也是受害者。\n“例如，他们是功能失调家庭的受害者，经历过暴力或接触过电视或社交媒体，这些都激励了他们的行为。当然，并不是所有观看或玩暴力主题游戏的儿童都会成为杀人犯，但潜在的诱因需要被考虑，” 她说。\n“在家庭中接触暴力的儿童是一个更脆弱的群体。”\n 责任年龄\n 在全球范围内，没有设定的刑事责任年龄，尽管根据联合国儿童权利委员会的说法，全球平均为 12 岁，该委员会建议至少应为 14 岁。\n 在印度尼西亚，多年来法律专家和人权倡导者对提高这一门槛进行了讨论，尽管由于已有的特殊立法，这一提议未能获得太多支持。\n“青少年刑事司法系统优先考虑儿童的最佳利益、恢复性司法，并将监禁作为最后手段，” 马莱卡特法律国际事务所表示。“对儿童可以施加的最高刑罚是成年人最高刑罚的一半。”\n\n 法医心理学家法乌齐亚同意，由于对儿童和成年人犯罪者采取不同的处理方式，法律已经相当健全。“区别在于惩罚的目的和类型。对于儿童来说，目的是康复；对于成年人来说，目的是问责。”\n 然而，米瑙利表示，即使在现有的所有规定下，仍然可以提出将刑事责任年龄提高到 18 岁的理由。\n“12 岁的儿童尚未具备承担责任的意识。他们仍处于具体运算阶段，因此只关注他们所知道的事物，” 她说。\n“当涉及到他们行为的后果时，他们根本无法想象。”</p>
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在一名 12 岁女孩杀害母亲后，印度尼西亚的少年司法系统受到审查