<p><img src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://s.yimg.com/ny/api/res/1.2/0bpGROfwYrc1qSUblzxZvw--/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjt3PTEyNDI7aD04Mjg-/https://media.zenfs.com/en/afp.com.sg/ad00854ec2efde73996bdc2e7a527c28?x-oss-process=image/auto-orient,1/interlace,1/resize,w_1440,h_1440/quality,q_95/format,jpg" alt="" original-src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://s.yimg.com/ny/api/res/1.2/0bpGROfwYrc1qSUblzxZvw--/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjt3PTEyNDI7aD04Mjg-/https://media.zenfs.com/en/afp.com.sg/ad00854ec2efde73996bdc2e7a527c28"/></p>
<p>一名波兰士兵在该国东南部进行测试时携带一架拦截无人机（Wojtek RADWANSKI）</p>
<p>关于巨额欧盟国防贷款的争执已演变为波兰亲欧政府与民族主义总统之间的壕沟战争。</p>
<p>关于数十亿欧元增强军事计划的激烈争论在这个通常对国防问题达成共识的国家中是前所未有的。</p>
<p>随着邻国乌克兰的战争持续，俄罗斯和白俄罗斯就在边境，前线的波兰已将国防预算提高到其 GDP 的 4.8%，是北约中最高的之一。</p>
<p>政府寄希望于来自欧洲安全行动（SAFE）计划的近 440 亿欧元贷款，称这是波兰的一大胜利，预计将获得总额 1500 亿欧元中的近三分之一。</p>
<p>- '世代'的债务 -</p>
<p>该协议已通过议会，但民族主义总统卡罗尔·纳夫罗茨基（Karol Nawrocki）——他可能会否决该协议——认为这将使布鲁塞尔通过监控资金分配对华沙施加不当压力。</p>
<p>他声称 SAFE 还可能使波兰背负 “世代” 的债务，并提出了一个名为 “SAFE 0%” 的替代项目。</p>
<p>他认为，通过使用中央银行的资金，波兰将不会承担贷款或利息支付。</p>
<p>但许多人对这如何运作表示怀疑，有人质疑纳夫罗茨基的动机。</p>
<p>波兰自由派日报《选举公报》周三指出：“波兰是北约东翼唯一一个在是否接受欧洲计划提供的资金上存在争论的国家，” 并将这一争论描述为 “丑闻般的政治争议”，是由前执政的法律与公正党（PiS）政府煽动的，而总统与该党关系密切。</p>
<p>- 在'德国的统治'之下 -</p>
<p>政治学家雅罗斯瓦夫·库伊什（Jaroslaw Kuisz）告诉法新社，纳夫罗茨基希望阻止总理图斯克在 2027 年大选前获得资金带来的经济红利。</p>
<p>“总统希望……尽可能地伤害总理，以便他无法享受获得如此大份额资金的巨大财务成功。”</p>
<p>他说，尤其是在军火行业的公司 “将在一年内拥有巨额资金，这些资金将被重新分配”。</p>
<p>维谢格拉德智库 Insight 的沃伊切赫·普热比尔斯基（Wojciech Przybylski）告诉法新社：“总统的主要目标是推翻图斯克政府，并为 2027 年的权力更替做准备。”</p>
<p>波兰的欧盟怀疑主义民族主义反对派将自己描绘成华盛顿的亲密且不可或缺的盟友。</p>
<p>他们认为，SAFE 将阻碍美国军火公司与波兰签订武器合同，因为其资金必须主要在欧洲支出。</p>
<p>法律与公正党主席雅罗斯瓦夫·卡钦斯基（Jaroslaw Kaczynski）认为，该协议 “旨在使（波兰）与各种依赖关系绑定”，并将其置于 “德国的统治” 之下。</p>
<p>但根据波兰公共舆论研究中心的一项民调，52% 的波兰人支持该计划，只有 35% 反对。</p>
<p>与执政的中间派联盟关系紧张的纳夫罗茨基总统在批评者中有 “否决机器” 的声誉，不愿意跨越党派。</p>
<p>因此，他并没有直接拒绝该法案，而是提出了与波兰中央银行行长共同提议的 “主权” 替代方案——另一位法律与公正党的盟友。</p>
<p>在总统提议的法案下，国防融资将基于重新评估来自中央银行的黄金和外汇储备的利润。</p>
<p>但政府表示这不切实际，因为中央银行已经连续多年亏损。</p>
<p>图斯克总理表示，纳夫罗茨基的提案 “并不提供资金，而是创造了另一个机构，一个委员会、官僚机构和数十条不必要的法规”。</p>
<p>他还誓言，如果总统否决，他将实施 “B 计划”，无论总统如何都利用欧洲资金。</p>
<p>bo/ks/fg</p>

IPOL

<p>波兰正面临一场政治冲突，涉及旨在增强其军事力量的欧盟防务贷款，背景是与俄罗斯日益紧张的局势。政府支持从 “欧洲安全行动”（SAFE）计划中获得近 440 亿欧元的方案，而总统卡罗尔·纳沃基则对此表示反对，担心这可能导致长期债务和外部控制。这场辩论引发了争议，总统提出了一种替代融资方式，但批评者认为这不切实际。尽管存在反对意见，大多数波兰人支持欧盟贷款计划，而政府也在准备一项备用策略，以应对总统的否决</p>

<p><img src="https://imageproxy.pbkrs.com/https://s.yimg.com/ny/api/res/1.2/0bpGROfwYrc1qSUblzxZvw--/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjt3PTEyNDI7aD04Mjg-/https://media.zenfs.com/en/afp.com.sg/ad00854ec2efde73996bdc2e7a527c28" alt="" original-src="https://s.yimg.com/ny/api/res/1.2/0bpGROfwYrc1qSUblzxZvw--/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjt3PTEyNDI7aD04Mjg-/https://media.zenfs.com/en/afp.com.sg/ad00854ec2efde73996bdc2e7a527c28"/></p>
<p>A Polish soldier carries an interception drone during tests in the southeast of the country in November (Wojtek RADWANSKI)</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>一名波兰士兵在该国东南部进行测试时携带一架拦截无人机（Wojtek RADWANSKI）</p>
</div><p>A spat over huge EU defence loans has erupted into trench warfare between Poland's pro-European government and nationalist president.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>关于巨额欧盟国防贷款的争执已演变为波兰亲欧政府与民族主义总统之间的壕沟战争。</p>
</div><p>The fiery row over multi-billion-euro plans to beef up its military is unprecedented in a country where there is usually consensus on defence.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>关于数十亿欧元增强军事计划的激烈争论在这个通常对国防问题达成共识的国家中是前所未有的。</p>
</div><p>With war raging in neighbouring Ukraine, and Russia and Belarus just across the border, frontline Poland has upped its defence budget to 4.8 percent of its GDP, one of the highest in NATO.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>随着邻国乌克兰的战争持续，俄罗斯和白俄罗斯就在边境，前线的波兰已将国防预算提高到其 GDP 的 4.8%，是北约中最高的之一。</p>
</div><p>The government is counting on nearly 44 billion euros in European loans from the Security Action For Europe (SAFE) scheme, which it says is a big win for Poland, set to get nearly a third of the total 150-billion-euro pot.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>政府寄希望于来自欧洲安全行动（SAFE）计划的近 440 亿欧元贷款，称这是波兰的一大胜利，预计将获得总额 1500 亿欧元中的近三分之一。</p>
</div><p>- 'Generations' of debt -</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>- '世代'的债务 -</p>
</div><p>The deal has already passed through parliament, but nationalist President Karol Nawrocki -- who could veto it -- arguing it will allow Brussels to exert undue pressure on Warsaw through monitoring how funds will be allocated.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>该协议已通过议会，但民族主义总统卡罗尔·纳夫罗茨基（Karol Nawrocki）——他可能会否决该协议——认为这将使布鲁塞尔通过监控资金分配对华沙施加不当压力。</p>
</div><p>He claims SAFE could also saddle Poland with debt &#34;for generations&#34; and has instead floated a counter project, known as &#34;SAFE 0%&#34;.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>他声称 SAFE 还可能使波兰背负 “世代” 的债务，并提出了一个名为 “SAFE 0%” 的替代项目。</p>
</div><p>By using central bank funds instead, Poland would not be burdened with loans or interest payments, the president argues.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>他认为，通过使用中央银行的资金，波兰将不会承担贷款或利息支付。</p>
</div><p>But many doubt how this could work, with some questioning Nawrocki's motives.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>但许多人对这如何运作表示怀疑，有人质疑纳夫罗茨基的动机。</p>
</div><p>&#34;Poland is the only country along NATO's Eastern flank where there is a debate on whether to accept the funds offered under the European programme,&#34; liberal Polish daily Gazeta Wyborcza argued on Wednesday, describing the debate as a &#34;scandalous political controversy&#34; fanned by the former PiS government, to which the president is close.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>波兰自由派日报《选举公报》周三指出：“波兰是北约东翼唯一一个在是否接受欧洲计划提供的资金上存在争论的国家，” 并将这一争论描述为 “丑闻般的政治争议”，是由前执政的法律与公正党（PiS）政府煽动的，而总统与该党关系密切。</p>
</div><p>- Under 'German boot' -</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>- 在'德国的统治'之下 -</p>
</div><p>Political scientist Jaroslaw Kuisz told AFP that Nawrocki wanted to stop Prime Minister Tusk reaping the economic boost the money would bring before the 2027 general election.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>政治学家雅罗斯瓦夫·库伊什（Jaroslaw Kuisz）告诉法新社，纳夫罗茨基希望阻止总理图斯克在 2027 年大选前获得资金带来的经济红利。</p>
</div><p>&#34;The president wants... to harm the prime minister as much as possible so that he cannot reap the benefits of his immense financial success&#34; in getting Poland such a big slice of the cake.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>“总统希望……尽可能地伤害总理，以便他无法享受获得如此大份额资金的巨大财务成功。”</p>
</div><p>Companies, particularly in the arms sector, will &#34;within a year have enormous sums of money at their disposal that will be redistributed,&#34; he said.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>他说，尤其是在军火行业的公司 “将在一年内拥有巨额资金，这些资金将被重新分配”。</p>
</div><p>&#34;The president's primary objective is to bring down the Tusk government and prepare for a change of power&#34; in 2027, Wojciech Przybylski of the Visegrad think tank Insight told AFP.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>维谢格拉德智库 Insight 的沃伊切赫·普热比尔斯基（Wojciech Przybylski）告诉法新社：“总统的主要目标是推翻图斯克政府，并为 2027 年的权力更替做准备。”</p>
</div><p>Poland's eurosceptic nationalist opposition paints itself as a close and indispensable ally of Washington.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>波兰的欧盟怀疑主义民族主义反对派将自己描绘成华盛顿的亲密且不可或缺的盟友。</p>
</div><p>SAFE, its members argue, would discourage US arms companies from forging arms contracts with Poland, because its funds must be spent mostly in Europe.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>他们认为，SAFE 将阻碍美国军火公司与波兰签订武器合同，因为其资金必须主要在欧洲支出。</p>
</div><p>PiS chairman Jaroslaw Kaczynski argued the agreement &#34;was intended to bind (Poland) with various dependencies&#34; and would place it &#34;under the German boot&#34;.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>法律与公正党主席雅罗斯瓦夫·卡钦斯基（Jaroslaw Kaczynski）认为，该协议 “旨在使（波兰）与各种依赖关系绑定”，并将其置于 “德国的统治” 之下。</p>
</div><p>But the plan is backed by 52 percent of Poles, with only 35 against it, according to a poll by Poland's Centre for Public Opinion Research.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>但根据波兰公共舆论研究中心的一项民调，52% 的波兰人支持该计划，只有 35% 反对。</p>
</div><p>President Nawrocki, who is in an uneasy cohabitation with the ruling centrist coalition, has a reputation among his critics as a &#34;veto machine&#34; unwilling to reach across the aisle.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>与执政的中间派联盟关系紧张的纳夫罗茨基总统在批评者中有 “否决机器” 的声誉，不愿意跨越党派。</p>
</div><p>Rather than outright reject the bill, he thus responded with the &#34;sovereign&#34; alternative, which was jointly proposed with Poland's central bank governor -- another PiS ally.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>因此，他并没有直接拒绝该法案，而是提出了与波兰中央银行行长共同提议的 “主权” 替代方案——另一位法律与公正党的盟友。</p>
</div><p>Under the president's proposed bill, defence financing would be based on revaluing profits derived from the central bank's gold and foreign currency reserves.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>在总统提议的法案下，国防融资将基于重新评估来自中央银行的黄金和外汇储备的利润。</p>
</div><p>But the government said this is unrealistic, with the central bank making a loss for several years.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>但政府表示这不切实际，因为中央银行已经连续多年亏损。</p>
</div><p>Nawrocki's proposal &#34;does not provide money, but creates yet another body, a council, bureaucracy, and dozens of unnecessary regulations,&#34; Prime Minister Tusk said.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>图斯克总理表示，纳夫罗茨基的提案 “并不提供资金，而是创造了另一个机构，一个委员会、官僚机构和数十条不必要的法规”。</p>
</div><p>He also vowed that in the event of a presidential veto, he would implement a &#34;Plan B&#34; to make use of the European funds regardless of the president.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>他还誓言，如果总统否决，他将实施 “B 计划”，无论总统如何都利用欧洲资金。</p>
</div><p>bo/ks/fg</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>bo/ks/fg</p>
</div>

波兰因欧盟贷款争议而感到震惊，试图抵御俄罗斯的威胁