<p>英国竞争监管机构将调查微软的商业软件生态系统，因其许可政策可能减少云市场的竞争。</p>
<p>竞争与市场管理局（CMA）今天宣布了这一举措，这是其去年对云服务市场健康状况调查后做出的几项决定之一。</p>
<p>除了准备对微软的应用程序组合进行战略市场地位（SMS）调查外，监管机构表示，微软和亚马逊已就云出口费用和互操作性采取了行动，这在其关于云调查的最终决定中被强调为抑制竞争的因素。</p>
<p>鉴于此，监管机构似乎暂时没有对这两家云巨头是否应被认定为云领域的战略市场地位进行调查，至少在两家公司合作的情况下是如此。</p>
<p>将公司认定为战略市场地位将允许监管机构施加旨在促进竞争的规则。</p>
<p>但 CMA 表示，需要进一步措施来帮助英国客户采用多云策略，并轻松切换云服务，并在这些领域进行 “持续对话”。它将征求英国客户和竞争对手的意见，以便为这一对话提供信息，监管机构的董事会将在六个月内审查进展。</p>
<p>微软声称，它已经在全球范围内采取措施，消除切换云服务提供商的障碍，指出其 Azure Arc 工具可以从单一控制台管理不同云中的资源。</p>
<p>然而，它表示，针对 CMA 的担忧，将对从其英国数据中心迁移的客户进行更改。免费出口不仅适用于使用标准互联网渠道的传输，还适用于使用微软全球网络（MGN）的传输。</p>
<p>微软还将延长英国客户完成免费出口切换到竞争对手云的期限，从 60 天延长至 180 天，并扩大合格 “切换” 的定义，以涵盖客户从单个 Azure 服务退出，而不仅仅是完全退出 Azure。</p>
<p>该公司还承诺建立一个新的专门互操作性请求机制，供其他云服务提供商使用，目标是在六个月内投入使用。微软以其在欧盟数字市场法下为 Windows 实施的互操作性请求框架为模型，让其他云运营商提出互操作性请求，包括新的互连选项请求。</p>
<p>亚马逊同样表示，它在去年 11 月推出了 AWS Interconnect 多云服务，允许客户通过专用私有连接以固定价格在云之间传输数据，无需数据传输费用。它还承诺将提供一个免费层——只要它达到普遍可用性。</p>
<p>它还提到其 AWS IAM 外部身份联合功能，使客户能够将其 AWS 身份联合到外部服务，并声称它支持新出现的互操作性协议，例如用于人工智能的模型上下文协议（MCP）。</p>
<p>关于对微软商业软件的战略市场地位（SMS）调查，CMA 表示，它是基于客户和其他云运营商提出的担忧而采取行动，这些担忧认为其软件许可抑制了云中的竞争。</p>
<p>这些担忧集中在 Windows Server 和 SQL Server 等产品在某些竞争对手云上运行的成本更高，尤其是谷歌云和 AWS，因为微软允许客户重新分配本地许可证以覆盖在 Azure 上运行的云实例。</p>
<p>谷歌特别声称，将遗留工作负载迁移到非微软云的成本高达五倍，这成为企业选择 Azure 的主要动力。</p>
<p>CMA 首席执行官 Sarah Cardell 表示，现在采取行动至关重要。否则，微软等大玩家在云市场的主导地位将在人工智能服务等新兴市场中重现。</p>
<p>“我们现在采取行动，决定对微软的商业软件生态系统进行调查，” 她表示。“SMS 的认定将使我们能够解决围绕微软云许可实践的剩余担忧，并确保在人工智能迅速融入日常商业软件工具时保持公平竞争环境。”</p>
<p>CMA 的决定引发了不同的反应。</p>
<p>计算机与通信行业协会（CCIA）表示：“CMA 避免过于宽泛和规定性的干预措施，这将阻碍英国云服务的投资和创新，这是非常受欢迎的消息。监管机构可以将精力集中在解决特定问题的行动上，特别是针对遗留软件的限制性许可条款，这让英国用户付出了巨额费用。” CCIA 伦敦办公室负责人 Matthew Sinclair 说道。</p>
<p>然而，英国云服务提供商 Civo 的首席执行官 Mark Boost 表示，对未采取更多措施感到失望。</p>
<p>“CMA 决定调查微软令人鼓舞，但排除 AWS 的决定引发了实际担忧，因为这两家提供商在锁定方面的结构相同，这可能在两方之间造成监管不平衡，使一方不受挑战，” 他声称。</p>
<p>“目前的公告没有提供足够的解决方案来解决这些关键外国超大规模云服务提供商主导地位所带来的严重问题。需要一个公平的数字市场，以鼓励国内创新，同时继续帮助建立国际合作与贸易的机会。”</p>
<p>开放云联盟的高级顾问 Nicky Stewart 表示，必须毫不拖延地进行对微软商业许可的调查。</p>
<p>她表示：“我们欢迎 CMA 对不公平软件许可实践破坏云市场的进一步认可。” 并补充道：“我们还敦促 CMA 在微软和 AWS 未能履行其关于出口费用和互操作性的承诺时采取迅速行动。”</p>
<p>对微软商业软件生态系统的战略市场地位（SMS）调查预计将在 5 月开始，可能需要长达九个月的时间才能完成。CMA 将在调查开始后发布评论邀请。®</p>

中国软件

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<p>英国竞争与市场管理局（CMA）正在调查微软在云市场的许可政策，理由是对竞争减少的担忧。CMA 的行动是对云服务市场进行更广泛调查的后续。微软计划增强客户迁移选项以及与其他云服务提供商的互操作性。该调查还涉及对微软软件许可实践的指控，认为这些做法使竞争对手处于不利地位，特别是在运行软件于竞争对手云服务的成本方面。CMA 旨在确保随着云和人工智能市场的发展，竞争的公平性</p>

<p>The UK's competition watchdog will investigate Microsoft's business software ecosystem over concerns that its licensing policies reduce competition in the cloud market.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>英国竞争监管机构将调查微软的商业软件生态系统，因其许可政策可能减少云市场的竞争。</p>
</div><p>The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) announced the move today as one of several decisions following its investigation into the health of the cloud services marketplace last year.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>竞争与市场管理局（CMA）今天宣布了这一举措，这是其去年对云服务市场健康状况调查后做出的几项决定之一。</p>
</div><p>As well as preparing a strategic market status (SMS) investigation into Microsoft's applications portfolio, the regulator says that Microsoft and Amazon have set out actions on cloud egress fees and interoperability, highlighted as stifling competition in its final decision on the cloud investigation.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>除了准备对微软的应用程序组合进行战略市场地位（SMS）调查外，监管机构表示，微软和亚马逊已就云出口费用和互操作性采取了行动，这在其关于云调查的最终决定中被强调为抑制竞争的因素。</p>
</div><p>In light of this, it appears that the watchdog has refrained from an investigation into whether the two cloud giants should be designated with strategic market status in the cloud, as it was minded to last year, at least while the companies cooperate.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>鉴于此，监管机构似乎暂时没有对这两家云巨头是否应被认定为云领域的战略市场地位进行调查，至少在两家公司合作的情况下是如此。</p>
</div><p>Designating a company with strategic market status would allow the regulator to impose rules designed to promote competition.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>将公司认定为战略市场地位将允许监管机构施加旨在促进竞争的规则。</p>
</div><p>But the CMA says that further steps are required to help UK customers adopt a multi-cloud strategy and to switch clouds easily, with &#34;ongoing dialogue&#34; around these areas. It will seek views from UK customers and competitors to inform this dialogue, and the agency's board will review progress in six months.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>但 CMA 表示，需要进一步措施来帮助英国客户采用多云策略，并轻松切换云服务，并在这些领域进行 “持续对话”。它将征求英国客户和竞争对手的意见，以便为这一对话提供信息，监管机构的董事会将在六个月内审查进展。</p>
</div><p>Microsoft claims that it has already taken steps globally to remove barriers to switching cloud providers, pointing to its Azure Arc tool that can manage resources across different clouds from a single console.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>微软声称，它已经在全球范围内采取措施，消除切换云服务提供商的障碍，指出其 Azure Arc 工具可以从单一控制台管理不同云中的资源。</p>
</div><p>However, it says that in response to the CMA's concerns, it will make changes for customers migrating from its UK datacenters. Free egress will apply not only to transfers using standard internet channels, but also to transfers using the Microsoft Global Network (MGN), it says.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>然而，它表示，针对 CMA 的担忧，将对从其英国数据中心迁移的客户进行更改。免费出口不仅适用于使用标准互联网渠道的传输，还适用于使用微软全球网络（MGN）的传输。</p>
</div><p>Redmond is also extending the period during which UK customers may complete a free egress switch to a rival cloud from 60 days to 180 days, and expanding the definition of a qualifying &#34;switch&#34; to cover customer exit from an individual Azure service, rather than applying only to a complete exit from Azure.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>微软还将延长英国客户完成免费出口切换到竞争对手云的期限，从 60 天延长至 180 天，并扩大合格 “切换” 的定义，以涵盖客户从单个 Azure 服务退出，而不仅仅是完全退出 Azure。</p>
</div><p>The firm also pledges to establish a new, dedicated interoperability request mechanism for other cloud providers, with an aim to be up and running within six months. Microsoft modeled this on the interoperability request framework it has already implemented for Windows under the EU Digital Markets Act, and lets other cloud operators raise interoperability requests, including requests for new interconnect options.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>该公司还承诺建立一个新的专门互操作性请求机制，供其他云服务提供商使用，目标是在六个月内投入使用。微软以其在欧盟数字市场法下为 Windows 实施的互操作性请求框架为模型，让其他云运营商提出互操作性请求，包括新的互连选项请求。</p>
</div><p>Amazon likewise says that it unveiled AWS Interconnect multicloud last November, allowing customers to transfer data between clouds via dedicated private connections at a flat price, with no data transfer fees. It also promises a free tier will be available – whenever it reaches general availability, that is.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>亚马逊同样表示，它在去年 11 月推出了 AWS Interconnect 多云服务，允许客户通过专用私有连接以固定价格在云之间传输数据，无需数据传输费用。它还承诺将提供一个免费层——只要它达到普遍可用性。</p>
</div><p>It also points to its AWS IAM Outbound Identity Federation, which enables customers to federate their AWS identities to external services, and claims it supports new interoperability protocols as they come along, such as the model context protocol (MCP) for AI.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>它还提到其 AWS IAM 外部身份联合功能，使客户能够将其 AWS 身份联合到外部服务，并声称它支持新出现的互操作性协议，例如用于人工智能的模型上下文协议（MCP）。</p>
</div><p>When it comes to the strategic market status (SMS) investigation into Microsoft's business software, the CMA says that it is acting on concerns raised by customers and other cloud operators that its software licensing stifles competition in the cloud.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>关于对微软商业软件的战略市场地位（SMS）调查，CMA 表示，它是基于客户和其他云运营商提出的担忧而采取行动，这些担忧认为其软件许可抑制了云中的竞争。</p>
</div><p>The concerns center on products such as Windows Server and SQL Server being more expensive to run on certain rival clouds, notably Google Cloud and AWS, as Microsoft permits customers to reallocate on-prem licenses to cover cloud-based instances running on Azure.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>这些担忧集中在 Windows Server 和 SQL Server 等产品在某些竞争对手云上运行的成本更高，尤其是谷歌云和 AWS，因为微软允许客户重新分配本地许可证以覆盖在 Azure 上运行的云实例。</p>
</div><p>Google in particular claimed that it costs up to five times as much to move legacy workloads to a non-Microsoft cloud, serving as a major incentive for businesses to choose Azure instead.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>谷歌特别声称，将遗留工作负载迁移到非微软云的成本高达五倍，这成为企业选择 Azure 的主要动力。</p>
</div><p>CMA chief executive Sarah Cardell said that it was vital to take action now. Otherwise, the cloud market dominance by the big players like Microsoft will be replicated in emerging markets such as AI services as well.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>CMA 首席执行官 Sarah Cardell 表示，现在采取行动至关重要。否则，微软等大玩家在云市场的主导地位将在人工智能服务等新兴市场中重现。</p>
</div><p>&#34;We're taking action now, deciding to launch an investigation into Microsoft's business software ecosystem,&#34; she stated. &#34;An SMS designation would enable us to tackle remaining concerns around Microsoft's licensing practices in cloud and would also enable us to ensure a level playing field as AI is rapidly embedded into everyday business software tools.&#34;</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>“我们现在采取行动，决定对微软的商业软件生态系统进行调查，” 她表示。“SMS 的认定将使我们能够解决围绕微软云许可实践的剩余担忧，并确保在人工智能迅速融入日常商业软件工具时保持公平竞争环境。”</p>
</div><p>The CMA's decisions drew a mixed response.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>CMA 的决定引发了不同的反应。</p>
</div><p>The Computer &amp; Communications Industry Association (CCIA), whose membership comprises giant American tech firms, said: &#34;It is very welcome news that the CMA will avoid overly broad and prescriptive interventions that would have impeded investment and innovation in UK cloud services. The regulator can focus its efforts on action to address specific issues, particularly restrictive software licensing terms for legacy software, which are costing UK users a fortune,&#34; said the head of CCIA's London office, Matthew Sinclair.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>计算机与通信行业协会（CCIA）表示：“CMA 避免过于宽泛和规定性的干预措施，这将阻碍英国云服务的投资和创新，这是非常受欢迎的消息。监管机构可以将精力集中在解决特定问题的行动上，特别是针对遗留软件的限制性许可条款，这让英国用户付出了巨额费用。” CCIA 伦敦办公室负责人 Matthew Sinclair 说道。</p>
</div><p>However, Mark Boost, chief exec of UK-based cloud provider Civo, expressed disappointment that more is not being done.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>然而，英国云服务提供商 Civo 的首席执行官 Mark Boost 表示，对未采取更多措施感到失望。</p>
</div><p>&#34;The decision made by the CMA to investigate Microsoft is encouraging, but the decision to exclude AWS raises practical concerns with both providers being structured in the same way from a lock-in perspective, which could create a regulatory imbalance between the two parties that would keep one side unchallenged,&#34; he claimed.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>“CMA 决定调查微软令人鼓舞，但排除 AWS 的决定引发了实际担忧，因为这两家提供商在锁定方面的结构相同，这可能在两方之间造成监管不平衡，使一方不受挑战，” 他声称。</p>
</div><p>&#34;The current announcement does not provide adequate solutions to solve the serious issues surrounding the dominance of these key foreign-based hyperscalers. There needs to be a fair digital market in which domestic innovation is encouraged, alongside continuing to help build opportunities for international collaboration and trade.&#34;</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>“目前的公告没有提供足够的解决方案来解决这些关键外国超大规模云服务提供商主导地位所带来的严重问题。需要一个公平的数字市场，以鼓励国内创新，同时继续帮助建立国际合作与贸易的机会。”</p>
</div><p>Nicky Stewart, senior advisor to the Open Cloud Coalition, said that the investigation into Microsoft's business licensing must proceed without delay.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>开放云联盟的高级顾问 Nicky Stewart 表示，必须毫不拖延地进行对微软商业许可的调查。</p>
</div><p>&#34;We welcome this further recognition from the CMA that unfair software licensing practices have broken the cloud market,&#34; she said, adding: &#34;We also urge the CMA to take swift action should Microsoft and AWS fail to meet their commitments on egress fees and interoperability.&#34;</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>她表示：“我们欢迎 CMA 对不公平软件许可实践破坏云市场的进一步认可。” 并补充道：“我们还敦促 CMA 在微软和 AWS 未能履行其关于出口费用和互操作性的承诺时采取迅速行动。”</p>
</div><p>The strategic market status (SMS) investigation into Microsoft's business software ecosystem is due to start in May, and could take up to nine months to complete. The CMA will issue an invitation to comment once the investigation is under way. ®</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>对微软商业软件生态系统的战略市场地位（SMS）调查预计将在 5 月开始，可能需要长达九个月的时间才能完成。CMA 将在调查开始后发布评论邀请。®</p>
</div>

UK watchdog targets Microsoft licensing in cloud competition probe

TheRegister

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微软

英国监管机构在云计算竞争调查中将目标对准微软的许可政策