<p>作者：Manuela Andreoni，圣保罗，5 月 9 日（路透社）——当邢艳玲在微信上发布她四月访问巴西亚马逊的消息时，她向中国的朋友们描述了被 “成千上万种绿色包围” 的难忘感受。邢艳玲并不是普通游客。她领导着天津肉类行业协会，代表着负责约 40% 中国从巴西进口牛肉的进口商。在她的领导下，天津的成员承诺在年底前购买 50,000 公吨无森林砍伐认证的巴西牛肉，这可能是中国作为全球商品贸易中最强大力量之一，愿意为更环保的供应链支付更多费用的早期迹象。这个数字占预计今年巴西牛肉出口商向中国销售的 4.5%。这一承诺挑战了巴西农民长期以来的假设：即世界上最大的牛肉和大豆进口国中国只关心价格。与此同时，中国政府发出信号，表示希望在保护国内产业的同时，采取行动应对贸易对环境的影响。2019 年，中国修改了森林法，禁止非法木材贸易。2023 年，中国与巴西签署了共同承诺，结束因贸易驱动的非法砍伐。从去年开始，中国国有贸易公司中粮集团承诺消除其供应链中的森林砍伐。与森林砍伐相关的牛肉供应链正适合采取具体行动，因为它对中国饮食的必要性不如大豆等其他商品，Trase 平台的全球参与负责人安德烈·瓦斯孔塞洛斯表示。“与此同时，公众意识到，尤其是巴西牛肉是中国进口的所有农产品中与森林砍伐关联最密切的商品，这一点得到了可用信息的支持，” 他说。根据巴西非营利组织 MapBiomas 的监测，亚马逊雨林是世界上最大、最具生物多样性的雨林，每年损失数十万英亩的树木，而 90% 的土地在被清理后立即转变为牛的牧场。邢艳玲表示，一些中国消费者对此有所了解，并随着财富的增长变得更加挑剔。“这不仅仅是 ‘便宜就是好’，” 她说。“这意味着无森林砍伐、绿色、安全和可追溯的牛肉在未来将有更强的市场。” 对于大多数面临全球高物价的中国消费者来说，根据环境标准而非价格选择食品产品并不现实。但该项目为消费者提供的可追溯性也缓解了食品安全的担忧。牛肉将以 “牛肉追踪” 标签进行营销，该标签由巴西非营利组织 Imaflora 设计，包含四个合规级别，基于牛肉在供应链中的追溯程度以及牧场主是否能证明其农场是合法清理的。天津的进口商愿意为那些证明其供应农场与合法和非法森林砍伐以及奴工无任何关联的肉类加工商支付 10% 的溢价。如果这一转变获得动力，影响可能会显著。根据政府数据和牛肉出口协会 ABIEC 的统计，中国购买了超过 10% 的巴西牛肉，其成员包括 JBS（Z98.F）和 MBRF（MBRF3.SA）。但任何影响都可能因巴西脆弱的可追溯性系统而受到削弱，该系统基于牛只运输文件，检察官表示这些文件容易被不法分子伪造，以掩盖其供应链中的不当行为，这种做法通常被称为 “牛只洗钱”。改善该系统可能需要数年时间。机会还是障碍？当邢艳玲和她的代表团抵达位于亚马逊雨林北部的卡里奥卡农场时，牧场主阿尔泰尔·布尔拉马基并没有期待更多的收获。他向他们展示了他的牛和他土地上广阔的雨林保护区。午餐结束时，代表团兴奋不已，询问他是否梦想将他的牛肉作为保护亚马逊雨林的产品在中国销售。这个想法既令人兴奋又让人感到压力。“我从与他们的对话中了解到，他们希望有一种对愿意为之付费的人群更有附加值的产品，” 他说。“但那部分人群可能比整个巴西人口还要多。” 在更广泛的行业中，天津的可持续发展项目受到的反响较为冷淡。牛肉出口集团 ABIEC 对邢艳玲的努力表示不满，最近与其领导层交谈的两人告诉路透社。他们的担忧是，持续牛肉的需求可能会给已经受限的市场增加障碍。今年，中国对牛肉进口实施了配额，以保护其国内产业，预计到下个月底，巴西将达到 110 万吨的配额上限，而天津计划在此时进口其首批获得可持续认证的牛肉。ABIEC 在一份声明中表示，它 “支持专注于认证的倡议，但认为任何新标签应与已建立的系统保持一致，避免重叠和缺乏公共基础设施实施的要求，这可能会对生产造成潜在障碍。” 它没有回答路透社提出的问题。配额可能会减缓天津的计划，因为达到配额后的任何牛肉进口需支付 55% 的中国税。北京在全球牛肉生产预计下降的一年引入了配额，因为牧场主在美国和巴西重建牛群，导致包括中国在内的许多国家价格上涨。附加值中国消费者习惯于购买可追溯的产品。在访问期间，邢艳玲的团队向巴西官员和商界人士展示了他们如何在鸡蛋上添加二维码，以便消费者可以追溯到其来源农场。可追溯性使监管机构更容易追踪疾病爆发的来源，也使公司能够放弃涉及环境犯罪的供应商。邢艳玲表示，人们愿意为这些鸡蛋支付两倍的价格。“牛肉追踪” 认证将在年底前准备好供肉类加工商、超市和进口商采用。其最低标准与巴西联邦检察官办公室用于监测直接向牛肉行业供应的农场是否遵守环境和劳动法的标准相当。该项目批准的供应商每年生产 270 万吨牛肉，仅占巴西生产的五分之一，但几乎是中国去年进口量的两倍。今年天津进口的牛肉将是这一产出的部分。然而，目前没有巴西肉类加工商宣布计划采用该认证。Imaflora 认为其设计的认证将创造机会，而不是成为生产者的障碍，正如木材和咖啡行业所发生的那样。“行业仍在努力理解这一认证如何在地缘政治紧张的情况下识别和重视巴西产品，” Imaflora 政策经理玛丽娜·吉约特表示。但她补充道，该认证旨在认可公司为履行自身可持续性和可追溯性承诺所做的努力。“这是一项创造价值的认证，” 她说。（报道和撰写：Manuela Andreoni，编辑：Emily Schmall 和 Rod Nickel）</p>

MBRFY

JBSAY

全球农业 ETF - Market Vectors

BRAZ

<p>中国不断变化的消费习惯可能会保护亚马逊雨林，因为天津肉类行业协会承诺在年底前购买 50,000 公吨无砍伐的巴西牛肉。这占巴西预计对中国牛肉出口的 4.5%。这一转变表明，中国消费者越来越愿意优先考虑环境资质而非价格。然而，仍然存在挑战，包括巴西的可追溯性系统容易受到欺诈的影响。该倡议在业内反响不一，大家对可持续牛肉的需求表示担忧</p>

<p>By Manuela Andreoni SAO PAULO, May 9 (Reuters) - When Xing Yanling posted on WeChat about her visit to the Brazilian Amazon in April, she described to her friends in China the unforgettable sensation of being “enveloped by tens of thousands of shades of green.” Xing is no ordinary tourist. She leads the Tianjin Meat Industry Association, representing importers responsible for around 40% of China’s beef purchases from Brazil. Under her leadership, Tianjin’s members have committed to buying 50,000 metric tons of deforestation‑free certified Brazilian beef by the end of the year, in what may be an early sign that China, one of the most powerful forces in global commodity trade, is willing to pay more for greener supply chains. The figure amounts to 4.5% of what Brazilian beef exporters are expected to sell to China this year. The pledge challenges a long-held assumption among Brazilian farmers: that China, the world’s largest importer of beef and soy, cares only about price. It comes as China’s government is sending signals that it wants to act on the environmental impact of trade while protecting its domestic industry. In 2019, it changed its forest law to ban the trade of illegal timber. In 2023, it signed a joint commitment with Brazil to end illegal deforestation driven by trade. Starting last year, China’s state‑owned trader COFCO has committed to eliminating deforestation from its supply chain. BEEF TIED TO DEFORESTATION The beef supply chain is ripe for concrete action because it is not as essential to the Chinese diet as other commodities, such as soy, said Andre Vasconcelos, the head of global engagement for Trase, a platform that tracks the environmental impact of several supply chains. &#34;At the same time, there is awareness, supported by available information, that beef, especially Brazilian beef, is the commodity most associated with deforestation among all agricultural commodities imported by China,&#34; he said. The Amazon rainforest, the largest and most biodiverse in the world, loses hundreds of thousands of acres of trees every year, and 90% of that land is turned into pasture for cattle immediately after it is cleared, according to MapBiomas, a Brazilian nonprofit that monitors land use. Some Chinese consumers are aware of that and are growing more discerning as they become wealthier, Xing said. “It’s not just ‘cheap is good,’” she said. “This means deforestation‑free, green, safe and traceable beef will have a stronger market in the future.” Choosing food products according to environmental credentials rather than price is impractical for most Chinese consumers, facing higher grocery prices like much of the world. But the traceability the project offers consumers also appeases food safety concerns. The beef will be marketed with a Beef on Track label designed by Brazilian nonprofit Imaflora, which includes four levels of compliance based on how far down the supply chain the beef is traced and whether ranchers can prove their farms were legally cleared. Tianjin importers are willing to pay 10% more for beef from meatpackers that prove the farms that supply them are free of any links to both legal and illegal deforestation, as well as slave labor. If the shift gathers momentum, the impact could be significant. China buys over 10% of Brazil’s beef, according to government data and beef export association ABIEC, whose members include JBS (Z98.F) and MBRF (MBRF3.SA). But any impact could be undermined by Brazil’s fragile traceability system, which is based on cattle transportation documents that prosecutors say can be easily defrauded by bad actors who hide wrongdoing in their supply chain, a practice commonly known as &#34;cattle laundering.&#34; Improvements to that system could take years. OPPORTUNITY OR OBSTACLE? When Xing and her delegation arrived at the Carioca farm in Castanhal, in the north of the Amazon rainforest, rancher Altair Burlamaqui was not expecting more than a fruitful conversation. He showed them his cattle and part of the vast rainforest reserve on his land. By the end of lunch, the delegation was so excited that they asked him if he had a dream of having his beef sold in China as a product that helps protect the Amazon rainforest. The thought was both thrilling and overwhelming. “What I gathered from the conversation with them is that they want a product with more added value for a section of their population who is willing to pay for it,” he said. “But that section of their population may be bigger than the entire Brazilian population.” In the wider industry, Tianjin’s sustainability project has received a more muted reception. ABIEC, the beef export group, is displeased with Xing’s effort, two people who spoke to its leadership recently told Reuters. Their concern, one of the people said, is that a demand for sustainable beef may add an obstacle to an already constrained market. This year, China imposed quotas for beef imports to protect its domestic industry, and Brazil is expected to hit its limit of 1.1 million tons by the end of next month, when Tianjin plans to import its first container of beef certified as sustainable. In a statement, ABIEC said it &#34;supports initiatives focused on certification but considers that any new labels should align with already established systems, avoiding overlaps and requirements that lack public infrastructure for implementation, which could create potential barriers to production.&#34; It did not answer questions sent by Reuters. The quota may slow Tianjin’s plans because any beef imports after it is reached pay a 55% Chinese tax. Beijing introduced its quotas in a year when global beef production is set to decline as ranchers rebuild herds in the United States and Brazil, inflating prices in many countries, including China. VALUE ADDED Chinese consumers are used to buying traceable products. During their visit, Xing’s team showed Brazilian officials and businesspeople how they add QR codes to eggs so consumers can trace them to their originating farm. Traceability makes it easier for regulators to track the origin of disease outbreaks, and for companies to drop suppliers involved in environmental crimes. People are willing to pay twice as much for those eggs, Xing said. The Beef on Track certification will be ready for meatpackers, supermarkets and importers to adopt by the end of the year. Its lowest-level standard is comparable to one used by Brazil’s federal prosecutors’ office to monitor whether farms directly supplying the beef industry comply with environmental and labor laws. That program approved suppliers that produce 2.7 million tons of beef a year, only a fifth of what Brazil produces, but almost twice China’s imports last year. The beef Tianjin imports this year will be part of this output. No Brazilian meatpackers have announced plans to adopt the certification, though. Imaflora argues the certification it designed will create opportunity rather than become an obstacle to producers, as they say has happened with timber and coffee. &#34;The industry is still trying to understand how this certification can recognize and value Brazilian products, in a scenario of geopolitical tension,&#34; said Marina Guyot, an Imaflora policy manager. But she added, the certification is supposed to recognize what companies are already doing to fulfill their own sustainability and traceability pledges. &#34;It’s a certification that creates the possibility of valuing this effort,&#34; she said. (Reporting and writing by Manuela Andreoni. Editing by Emily Schmall and Rod Nickel)</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>作者：Manuela Andreoni，圣保罗，5 月 9 日（路透社）——当邢艳玲在微信上发布她四月访问巴西亚马逊的消息时，她向中国的朋友们描述了被 “成千上万种绿色包围” 的难忘感受。邢艳玲并不是普通游客。她领导着天津肉类行业协会，代表着负责约 40% 中国从巴西进口牛肉的进口商。在她的领导下，天津的成员承诺在年底前购买 50,000 公吨无森林砍伐认证的巴西牛肉，这可能是中国作为全球商品贸易中最强大力量之一，愿意为更环保的供应链支付更多费用的早期迹象。这个数字占预计今年巴西牛肉出口商向中国销售的 4.5%。这一承诺挑战了巴西农民长期以来的假设：即世界上最大的牛肉和大豆进口国中国只关心价格。与此同时，中国政府发出信号，表示希望在保护国内产业的同时，采取行动应对贸易对环境的影响。2019 年，中国修改了森林法，禁止非法木材贸易。2023 年，中国与巴西签署了共同承诺，结束因贸易驱动的非法砍伐。从去年开始，中国国有贸易公司中粮集团承诺消除其供应链中的森林砍伐。与森林砍伐相关的牛肉供应链正适合采取具体行动，因为它对中国饮食的必要性不如大豆等其他商品，Trase 平台的全球参与负责人安德烈·瓦斯孔塞洛斯表示。“与此同时，公众意识到，尤其是巴西牛肉是中国进口的所有农产品中与森林砍伐关联最密切的商品，这一点得到了可用信息的支持，” 他说。根据巴西非营利组织 MapBiomas 的监测，亚马逊雨林是世界上最大、最具生物多样性的雨林，每年损失数十万英亩的树木，而 90% 的土地在被清理后立即转变为牛的牧场。邢艳玲表示，一些中国消费者对此有所了解，并随着财富的增长变得更加挑剔。“这不仅仅是 ‘便宜就是好’，” 她说。“这意味着无森林砍伐、绿色、安全和可追溯的牛肉在未来将有更强的市场。” 对于大多数面临全球高物价的中国消费者来说，根据环境标准而非价格选择食品产品并不现实。但该项目为消费者提供的可追溯性也缓解了食品安全的担忧。牛肉将以 “牛肉追踪” 标签进行营销，该标签由巴西非营利组织 Imaflora 设计，包含四个合规级别，基于牛肉在供应链中的追溯程度以及牧场主是否能证明其农场是合法清理的。天津的进口商愿意为那些证明其供应农场与合法和非法森林砍伐以及奴工无任何关联的肉类加工商支付 10% 的溢价。如果这一转变获得动力，影响可能会显著。根据政府数据和牛肉出口协会 ABIEC 的统计，中国购买了超过 10% 的巴西牛肉，其成员包括 JBS（Z98.F）和 MBRF（MBRF3.SA）。但任何影响都可能因巴西脆弱的可追溯性系统而受到削弱，该系统基于牛只运输文件，检察官表示这些文件容易被不法分子伪造，以掩盖其供应链中的不当行为，这种做法通常被称为 “牛只洗钱”。改善该系统可能需要数年时间。机会还是障碍？当邢艳玲和她的代表团抵达位于亚马逊雨林北部的卡里奥卡农场时，牧场主阿尔泰尔·布尔拉马基并没有期待更多的收获。他向他们展示了他的牛和他土地上广阔的雨林保护区。午餐结束时，代表团兴奋不已，询问他是否梦想将他的牛肉作为保护亚马逊雨林的产品在中国销售。这个想法既令人兴奋又让人感到压力。“我从与他们的对话中了解到，他们希望有一种对愿意为之付费的人群更有附加值的产品，” 他说。“但那部分人群可能比整个巴西人口还要多。” 在更广泛的行业中，天津的可持续发展项目受到的反响较为冷淡。牛肉出口集团 ABIEC 对邢艳玲的努力表示不满，最近与其领导层交谈的两人告诉路透社。他们的担忧是，持续牛肉的需求可能会给已经受限的市场增加障碍。今年，中国对牛肉进口实施了配额，以保护其国内产业，预计到下个月底，巴西将达到 110 万吨的配额上限，而天津计划在此时进口其首批获得可持续认证的牛肉。ABIEC 在一份声明中表示，它 “支持专注于认证的倡议，但认为任何新标签应与已建立的系统保持一致，避免重叠和缺乏公共基础设施实施的要求，这可能会对生产造成潜在障碍。” 它没有回答路透社提出的问题。配额可能会减缓天津的计划，因为达到配额后的任何牛肉进口需支付 55% 的中国税。北京在全球牛肉生产预计下降的一年引入了配额，因为牧场主在美国和巴西重建牛群，导致包括中国在内的许多国家价格上涨。附加值中国消费者习惯于购买可追溯的产品。在访问期间，邢艳玲的团队向巴西官员和商界人士展示了他们如何在鸡蛋上添加二维码，以便消费者可以追溯到其来源农场。可追溯性使监管机构更容易追踪疾病爆发的来源，也使公司能够放弃涉及环境犯罪的供应商。邢艳玲表示，人们愿意为这些鸡蛋支付两倍的价格。“牛肉追踪” 认证将在年底前准备好供肉类加工商、超市和进口商采用。其最低标准与巴西联邦检察官办公室用于监测直接向牛肉行业供应的农场是否遵守环境和劳动法的标准相当。该项目批准的供应商每年生产 270 万吨牛肉，仅占巴西生产的五分之一，但几乎是中国去年进口量的两倍。今年天津进口的牛肉将是这一产出的部分。然而，目前没有巴西肉类加工商宣布计划采用该认证。Imaflora 认为其设计的认证将创造机会，而不是成为生产者的障碍，正如木材和咖啡行业所发生的那样。“行业仍在努力理解这一认证如何在地缘政治紧张的情况下识别和重视巴西产品，” Imaflora 政策经理玛丽娜·吉约特表示。但她补充道，该认证旨在认可公司为履行自身可持续性和可追溯性承诺所做的努力。“这是一项创造价值的认证，” 她说。（报道和撰写：Manuela Andreoni，编辑：Emily Schmall 和 Rod Nickel）</p>
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中国不断变化的消费习惯如何可能保护亚马逊雨林