<p>河内——最近政治局的决议中设定的雄心勃勃的目标表明，越南不再仅仅追求拥有大量企业的经济，而是希望建立能够在区域层面竞争并逐步进入全球市场的企业。</p>
<p>政治局于去年五月发布的第 68 号决议（68-NQ/TW）关于私营部门发展的目标是到 2030 年经济中活跃企业达到 200 万家，其中至少有 20 家大型企业参与全球价值链。</p>
<p>随后，政治局于今年一月发布的第 79 号决议（79-NQ/TW）关于国有企业发展的目标是到 2030 年，50 家国有企业跻身东南亚前 500 强，并有 1 至 3 家国有企业进入全球前 500 强。</p>
<p>该决议还旨在建立若干强大的国有经济集团和企业，具备大规模、现代技术以及区域和国际竞争力，发挥引领作用，推动国内企业更深入地参与全球生产和供应链，特别是在经济的战略和关键领域。</p>
<p>越南工商会（VCCI）副秘书长Đậu Anh Tuấn 表示，经过 40 年的改革开放（1986–2026），越南已经在多个行业出现了大型经济集团。</p>
<p>例如，在制造业，THACO 在广南省建立了一个被认为是东南亚最大规模的汽车和机械工程生产生态系统。</p>
<p>与此同时，VinFast 作为越南首家电动车制造商，成为一个特别引人注目的案例，在海防建立了大规模工厂，上市纳斯达克，并在北美、欧洲和东南亚等多个国际市场销售车辆。</p>
<p>此外，Hòa Phát 集团从一个小型家具作坊成长为东南亚领先的钢铁制造商，每年生产数百万吨钢铁，并在出口市场上与国际钢铁公司直接竞争。</p>
<p>在科技领域，FPT 已成为该地区最大的 IT 公司之一，业务遍及数十个国家，为跨国公司提供数字化转型服务。</p>
<p>在消费品领域，Vinamilk 建立了一个在 50 多个国家都有的乳制品品牌，拥有国际标准的农场和工厂。Masan 集团则发展了一个涵盖食品、饮料和零售的消费生态系统，每天为数千万消费者提供服务。</p>
<p>这些企业证明了私营企业完全有能力建立具有区域竞争力的国家品牌。</p>
<p>在基础设施和房地产方面，Vingroup 在越南私营部门历史上开展了前所未有的项目，包括城市开发、医院、学校和电动车生产。</p>
<p>Sun Group、BRG Group 和许多其他公司也在旅游基础设施、度假村和机场方面投资数十亿美元，推动了多个经济区域的转型。</p>
<p>统计数据显示，到去年年底，越南在多个行业中有近 110 万家活跃企业。然而，Đậu Anh Tuấn 指出，“商业部门规模庞大，但在能力和深度上尚未强大。”</p>
<p>与此同时，Nguyễn Đức Hiển 指出，大多数企业仍然严重依赖资本，而要实现到 2045 年成为现代工业化国家的目标，需要专注于工业领域的经济集团。</p>
<p>经济学家 Trần Đình Thiên 也持相同观点，他表示国际发展经验表明，成为经济强国需要强大的经济集团能够引领经济并在全球竞争。</p>
<p>这些企业不仅必须能够抵御全球经济波动，还预计将成为经济中最重要的驱动力之一。</p>
<p>越南企业仍然相对年轻、小型且弱小，如果继续面临发展空间的限制，将很难成长为能够引领经济的企业。</p>
<p>因此，越南需要改变对企业的支持方式，Thiên 表示。之前的广泛支持模式往往只导致小企业的增长，使得大型企业难以出现。</p>
<p>在新阶段，政策应转向有针对性的支持，重点关注能够引领并在整个生产链中创造溢出效应的企业。</p>
<p>在讨论工业发展方向时，Trần Đình Thiên 强调，掌握技术是成为经济强国的关键。</p>
<p>然而，选择优先产业和具体发展方向需要仔细计算和集中、战略性的方式，他说。</p>
<p>分享国际经验时，VNU 经济与商业大学的专家讲师 Nguyễn Cảnh Cường 表示，日本通过选择正确的战略产业和保持长期投资实现了突破。</p>
<p>韩国建立了三星和现代等领先的企业集团，从而促进了整个工业生态系统的发展。</p>
<p>中国利用其市场规模和强有力的政策发展大型工业集群，并逐渐掌控价值链。</p>
<p>可以说，第 68 号关于私营部门发展的决议和第 79 号关于国有企业发展的决议正在为越南企业的增长创造一个相对同步的政策框架。</p>
<p>机会已经出现，基础已经奠定。剩下的挑战在于实施能力和在追求所选发展道路上的一致性。</p>
<p>如果有效利用这一时期，未来十年越南有望形成具有区域影响力的经济集团，逐步巩固其在全球产业价值链中的地位，实现经济在国际舞台上 “强势崛起” 的愿景。 — VNS</p>

VNAM

越南 ETF - VanEck Vectors

<p>越南旨在发展具有全球竞争力的经济集团，目标到 2030 年实现 200 万家活跃企业，其中包括 20 家在全球价值链中的大型企业。最近的决议强调建设强大的国有企业和增强私营部门的能力。像 VinFast 和 THACO 这样的公司体现了这一雄心。然而，专家警告称，许多企业仍然规模小且实力弱，迫切需要将支持政策转向对领先企业的有针对性的帮助。掌握技术和战略性行业选择对越南的经济发展至关重要</p>

<p>HÀ NỘI — Ambitious targets set out in the Politburo’s recent resolutions show that Việt Nam is no longer aiming merely for an economy with a large number of enterprises, but is now aspiring to build corporations capable of competing at the regional level and gradually entering the global arena.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>河内——最近政治局的决议中设定的雄心勃勃的目标表明，越南不再仅仅追求拥有大量企业的经济，而是希望建立能够在区域层面竞争并逐步进入全球市场的企业。</p>
</div><p>Resolution No. 68-NQ/TW issued by the Politburo in May last year on private sector development, sets a target for 2 million active enterprises in the economy by 2030, including at least 20 large corporations participating in global value chains.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>政治局于去年五月发布的第 68 号决议（68-NQ/TW）关于私营部门发展的目标是到 2030 年经济中活跃企业达到 200 万家，其中至少有 20 家大型企业参与全球价值链。</p>
</div><p>Subsequently, Resolution No. 79-NQ/TW issued by the Politburo in January this year on state-owned enterprise development aims for 50 state-owned enterprises to be ranked among Southeast Asia’s top 500 companies and between one and three state-owned enterprises among the world’s top 500 companies by 2030.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>随后，政治局于今年一月发布的第 79 号决议（79-NQ/TW）关于国有企业发展的目标是到 2030 年，50 家国有企业跻身东南亚前 500 强，并有 1 至 3 家国有企业进入全球前 500 强。</p>
</div><p>The resolution also seeks to build several strong state-owned economic groups and enterprises with large scale, modern technology, and regional and international competitiveness, playing a pioneering role in leading domestic enterprises to participate more deeply in global production and supply chains, especially in strategic and key sectors of the economy.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>该决议还旨在建立若干强大的国有经济集团和企业，具备大规模、现代技术以及区域和国际竞争力，发挥引领作用，推动国内企业更深入地参与全球生产和供应链，特别是在经济的战略和关键领域。</p>
</div><p>After 40 years of <em>Đổi mới</em> (1986–2026), Việt Nam has seen the emergence of major economic groups across many sectors, said Đậu Anh Tuấn, deputy secretary-general of the Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry (VCCI).</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>越南工商会（VCCI）副秘书长Đậu Anh Tuấn 表示，经过 40 年的改革开放（1986–2026），越南已经在多个行业出现了大型经济集团。</p>
</div><p>In manufacturing, for example, THACO has built an automobile and mechanical engineering production ecosystem in Quảng Nam Province on a scale considered among the largest in Southeast Asia.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>例如，在制造业，THACO 在广南省建立了一个被认为是东南亚最大规模的汽车和机械工程生产生态系统。</p>
</div><p>Meanwhile, VinFast has become a particularly notable case as Việt Nam’s first electric vehicle manufacturer, establishing a large-scale factory in Hải Phòng, listing on the Nasdaq stock exchange, and selling vehicles in multiple international markets, including North America, Europe, and Southeast Asia.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>与此同时，VinFast 作为越南首家电动车制造商，成为一个特别引人注目的案例，在海防建立了大规模工厂，上市纳斯达克，并在北美、欧洲和东南亚等多个国际市场销售车辆。</p>
</div><p>In addition, Hòa Phát Group has grown from a small furniture workshop into one of Southeast Asia’s leading steel manufacturers, producing millions of tonnes of steel annually and competing directly with international steel corporations in export markets.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>此外，Hòa Phát 集团从一个小型家具作坊成长为东南亚领先的钢铁制造商，每年生产数百万吨钢铁，并在出口市场上与国际钢铁公司直接竞争。</p>
</div><p>In technology, FPT has become one of the region’s largest information technology companies, operating in dozens of countries and providing digital transformation services to multinational corporations.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>在科技领域，FPT 已成为该地区最大的 IT 公司之一，业务遍及数十个国家，为跨国公司提供数字化转型服务。</p>
</div><p>In consumer goods, Vinamilk has built a dairy brand present in more than 50 countries, with internationally standardised farms and factories. Masan Group has developed a consumer ecosystem spanning food, beverages, and retail, serving tens of millions of consumers daily.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>在消费品领域，Vinamilk 建立了一个在 50 多个国家都有的乳制品品牌，拥有国际标准的农场和工厂。Masan 集团则发展了一个涵盖食品、饮料和零售的消费生态系统，每天为数千万消费者提供服务。</p>
</div><p>These enterprises have demonstrated that private businesses are fully capable of building national brands with regional competitiveness.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>这些企业证明了私营企业完全有能力建立具有区域竞争力的国家品牌。</p>
</div><p>In infrastructure and real estate, Vingroup has carried out projects on an unprecedented scale in the history of Việt Nam’s private sector, ranging from urban developments and hospitals to schools and electric vehicle production.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>在基础设施和房地产方面，Vingroup 在越南私营部门历史上开展了前所未有的项目，包括城市开发、医院、学校和电动车生产。</p>
</div><p>Sun Group, BRG Group, and many other corporations have also invested billions of dollars in tourism infrastructure, resorts, and airports, contributing to the transformation of many economic regions.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>Sun Group、BRG Group 和许多其他公司也在旅游基础设施、度假村和机场方面投资数十亿美元，推动了多个经济区域的转型。</p>
</div><p>Statistics show that Việt Nam had nearly 1.1 million active enterprises across multiple sectors by the end of last year. However, according to Đậu Anh Tuấn, “the business sector is broad in scale but not yet strong in capacity or depth.”</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>统计数据显示，到去年年底，越南在多个行业中有近 110 万家活跃企业。然而，Đậu Anh Tuấn 指出，“商业部门规模庞大，但在能力和深度上尚未强大。”</p>
</div><p>Meanwhile, Nguyễn Đức Hiển noted that most enterprises still relied heavily on capital, whereas achieving the goal of becoming a modern industrialised country by 2045 required economic groups focused on industrial sectors.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>与此同时，Nguyễn Đức Hiển 指出，大多数企业仍然严重依赖资本，而要实现到 2045 年成为现代工业化国家的目标，需要专注于工业领域的经济集团。</p>
</div><p>Sharing the same view, economist Trần Đình Thiên said international development experience showed that becoming an economic powerhouse required strong economic groups capable of leading the economy and competing globally.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>经济学家 Trần Đình Thiên 也持相同观点，他表示国际发展经验表明，成为经济强国需要强大的经济集团能够引领经济并在全球竞争。</p>
</div><p>These enterprises must not only withstand global economic fluctuations but are also expected to become among the most important drivers of the economy.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>这些企业不仅必须能够抵御全球经济波动，还预计将成为经济中最重要的驱动力之一。</p>
</div><p>Vietnamese enterprises are still relatively young, small, and weak, and if they continue to face limitations in development space, it will be difficult for them to mature into corporations capable of leading the economy.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>越南企业仍然相对年轻、小型且弱小，如果继续面临发展空间的限制，将很难成长为能够引领经济的企业。</p>
</div><p>Việt Nam, therefore, needed to change the way it supported businesses, said Thiên. The previous broad-based support model often resulted in the growth of only small enterprises, making it difficult for large corporations to emerge.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>因此，越南需要改变对企业的支持方式，Thiên 表示。之前的广泛支持模式往往只导致小企业的增长，使得大型企业难以出现。</p>
</div><p>In the new phase, policies should shift toward targeted support, focusing on businesses capable of leading and creating spillover effects across entire production chains.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>在新阶段，政策应转向有针对性的支持，重点关注能够引领并在整个生产链中创造溢出效应的企业。</p>
</div><p>Discussing industrial development orientation, Trần Đình Thiên emphasised that mastering technology was essential for becoming an economic power.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>在讨论工业发展方向时，Trần Đình Thiên 强调，掌握技术是成为经济强国的关键。</p>
</div><p>However, selecting priority industries and specific development directions required careful calculation and a focused, strategic approach, he said.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>然而，选择优先产业和具体发展方向需要仔细计算和集中、战略性的方式，他说。</p>
</div><p>Sharing international experience, Nguyễn Cảnh Cường, expert lecturer at the VNU University of Economics and Business, said Japan achieved breakthroughs by choosing the right strategic industries and maintaining long-term investment.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>分享国际经验时，VNU 经济与商业大学的专家讲师 Nguyễn Cảnh Cường 表示，日本通过选择正确的战略产业和保持长期投资实现了突破。</p>
</div><p>South Korea built leading conglomerates such as Samsung and Hyundai, which in turn fostered an entire industrial ecosystem.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>韩国建立了三星和现代等领先的企业集团，从而促进了整个工业生态系统的发展。</p>
</div><p>China leveraged its market scale and strong policies to develop large industrial clusters and gradually gain control over value chains.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>中国利用其市场规模和强有力的政策发展大型工业集群，并逐渐掌控价值链。</p>
</div><p>It can be said that Resolution 68 on private sector development and Resolution 79 on state-owned enterprise development are creating a relatively synchronised policy framework for the growth of Vietnamese enterprises.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>可以说，第 68 号关于私营部门发展的决议和第 79 号关于国有企业发展的决议正在为越南企业的增长创造一个相对同步的政策框架。</p>
</div><p>Opportunities are already emerging, and the foundations have been laid. The remaining challenge lies in implementation capacity and consistency in pursuing the chosen development path.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>机会已经出现，基础已经奠定。剩下的挑战在于实施能力和在追求所选发展道路上的一致性。</p>
</div><p>If this period is utilised effectively, the next decade could see Việt Nam forming economic groups with regional stature, gradually affirming their position in global industrial value chains and realising the economy’s aspiration to “rise strongly” on the international stage. — VNS</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>如果有效利用这一时期，未来十年越南有望形成具有区域影响力的经济集团，逐步巩固其在全球产业价值链中的地位，实现经济在国际舞台上 “强势崛起” 的愿景。 — VNS</p>
</div>

越南致力于打造具有全球竞争力的经济集团