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<p>美國的盟友們正在應對因華盛頓對伊朗的軍事打擊及其導致的全球供應鏈中斷而引發的能源成本飆升，面臨着戰略困境。</p>
<p>這場危機突顯了擺脱不穩定化石燃料市場的必要性。</p>
<p>然而，它也暴露出一種新的風險，因為能源安全越來越依賴於中國，而中國在清潔技術和關鍵礦產方面佔據主導地位。</p>
<h2>戰爭驅動的能源危機加速清潔轉型</h2>
<p>從歐盟和英國到韓國和菲律賓，各國政府對油氣價格的飆升作出了回應，重新呼籲加速電氣化和擴展清潔能源基礎設施。</p>
<p>直接的觸發因素是霍爾木茲海峽的能源流動中斷，這是全球石油和液化天然氣運輸的一個關鍵節點。</p>
<p>嚴重依賴中東能源進口的國家急於控制後果，採取短期節能措施，同時加快長期能源轉型計劃。</p>
<p>太陽能和風能裝置、電池儲存系統以及電動汽車的採用被推到了政策議程的前沿。</p>
<p>各國政府將國內生產的可再生能源和核能視為保護其經濟免受長期以來定義化石燃料市場的地緣政治波動的最可行方式。</p>
<h2>中國的主導地位籠罩着脱碳推動</h2>
<p>然而，向清潔能源的轉型伴隨着一個重要的警告。</p>
<p>各國越快嘗試脱碳，就越有可能加深對中國的依賴。</p>
<p>北京在全球清潔技術供應鏈中佔據壓倒性份額。</p>
<p>根據國際能源署的數據，中國生產了近 80% 的全球太陽能電池板，並主導了晶圓和電池等關鍵組件的製造。</p>
<p>其足跡遍及電池、電動汽車和電網基礎設施。</p>
<p>即使在風力渦輪機領域，儘管歐洲仍保有一席之地，中國仍控制着約 60% 的產量。</p>
<p>“中國是明顯的贏家，” 外交關係委員會氣候與能源高級研究員大衞·M·哈特表示。</p>
<p>他指出，北京的優勢不僅限於單個行業，還涵蓋了更廣泛的製造生態系統和下一代能源技術。</p>
<h2>關鍵礦產加緊北京的控制</h2>
<p>除了製造業，中國的主導地位還擴展到能源轉型所需的關鍵礦產的上游供應。</p>
<p>該國精煉了全球約 90% 的稀土元素，這些元素對風力渦輪機和電動汽車至關重要，並處理了大部分鋰、鈷和其他電池金屬。</p>
<p>這種控制使北京在全球供應鏈中擁有了顯著的槓桿作用。</p>
<p>去年，中國對幾種稀土實施了出口限制，以回應美國的關税，突顯了清潔能源轉型中潛藏的地緣政治風險。</p>
<p>與此同時，關於與中國製造的組件相關的網絡安全和基礎設施脆弱性的擔憂也浮出水面。</p>
<p>關於太陽能設備中出現無法解釋的通信設備的報告進一步加劇了政策制定者的憂慮。</p>
<h2>菲律賓 exemplifies immediate impact</h2>
<p>菲律賓是危機如何重塑能源政策的一個鮮明例子。</p>
<p>該國約 98% 的石油依賴中東進口，在中斷後成為首批宣佈能源緊急狀態的國家之一。</p>
<p>當局推出了四天工作周以抑制消費，並迅速加快可再生能源項目的推進。</p>
<p>開發商報告稱，之前需要幾個月的監管審批現在在幾天內就能獲得。</p>
<p>“這不是理論——這實際上正在地面上發生，” 開發商拉胡爾·阿格拉瓦爾在《華爾街日報》的一篇報道中表示。</p>
<p>然而，向可再生能源的轉型可能會增加馬尼拉對中國技術的依賴，即使兩國在南海的領土爭端中緊張關係依然存在。</p>
<h2>各國尋求與北京更緊密的接觸</h2>
<p>儘管存在戰略擔憂，各國正越來越多地與中國接觸，以確保獲得清潔技術和原材料。</p>
<p>歐洲領導人尤其活躍。</p>
<p>德國經濟部長預計將很快訪問北京，此前該國總理和環境部長也進行了旨在加強經濟聯繫的訪問。</p>
<p>西班牙首相佩德羅·桑切斯近年來多次訪問以確保關鍵資源。</p>
<p>來自加拿大、芬蘭、愛爾蘭和英國的領導人也尋求更緊密的接觸，而非西方國家也在效仿。</p>
<p>一個印度商業代表團最近在中國探索綠色能源合作，而阿聯酋也與北京討論了更深層次的能源合作。</p>
<p>即使是面臨經濟壓力的國家，如古巴，也轉向中國的太陽能技術以緩解供應限制。</p>
<h2>保護主義在工業擔憂中上升</h2>
<p>與此同時，各國政府試圖在獲得中國技術的同時保護國內產業。</p>
<p>歐盟對中國電動汽車和鋼鐵徵收了關税，而美國對中國電動汽車進口徵收了 100% 的關税。</p>
<p>一些亞洲經濟體也採取了類似措施或引入了本地內容要求。</p>
<p>歐洲的新工業政策旨在確保到 2030 年，綠色技術的部分需求通過國內生產來滿足。</p>
<p>正在討論的提案包括對主導清潔技術全球製造的國家的外國投資設定上限。</p>
<p>英國也採取了謹慎的態度，因國家安全擔憂而阻止一家中國公司在其境內建設大型風力渦輪機工廠。</p>
<h2>權衡取捨威脅轉型速度</h2>
<p>這些保護措施伴隨着經濟上的權衡。</p>
<p>國內生產往往比進口中國商品更昂貴，這可能會減緩清潔能源基礎設施的推廣。</p>
<p>“如果過於傾向於國內生產，可能會以減碳速度為代價，” 布魯塞爾智庫 Bruegel 的高級研究員西蒙娜·塔利亞皮特拉在《政治家》報道中表示。</p>
<p>這一困境凸顯了一個更廣泛的現實：在沒有一定程度依賴中國的情況下，實現快速的能源轉型正變得極為困難。</p>
<h2>氣候收益被短期排放風險抵消</h2>
<p>從長遠來看，中國清潔能源技術的全球傳播預計將減少温室氣體排放。</p>
<p>電動汽車和可再生能源系統相較於基於化石燃料的替代品具有明顯優勢。</p>
<p>然而，近期前景更加複雜。</p>
<p>由於電氣化驅動的電力需求上升，可能會增加對煤炭的依賴，尤其是在中國，煤炭在發電和工業活動中仍然扮演着核心角色。</p>
<p>與此同時，衝突擾亂了另一個關鍵的減排途徑。</p>
<p>從煤炭轉向液化天然氣，曾被視為過渡解決方案，可能會顯著放緩。</p>
<p>卡塔爾液化天然氣基礎設施的損壞可能需要數年才能修復，而供應中斷的心理影響可能會持續更久。</p>
<p>這篇文章的標題為《伊朗戰爭引發的能源危機如何提升中國在全球清潔技術中的優勢》，首次出現在 Invezz 上。</p>

GX中國潔能

華夏中證綠色電力ETF

太陽能 ETF - Guggenheim

全球清潔能源 ETF - iShares

鵬華科創板新能源ETF

中國環境指數 MSCI ETF - KraneShares

<p>由於伊朗戰爭引發的能源危機，國家們正在加速向清潔能源的轉型，以減少對波動性化石燃料市場的依賴。然而，這一轉變增加了對中國的依賴，因為中國在清潔技術供應鏈中佔據主導地位，生產 80% 的太陽能電池板，並控制着能源轉型所需的關鍵礦物。儘管對網絡安全和地緣政治緊張局勢存在擔憂，菲律賓等國家仍在迅速推進可再生項目。各國正與中國接洽，以確保獲得清潔技術，突顯出複雜的戰略格局</p>

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<p>America’s allies, grappling with surging energy costs triggered by Washington’s military strikes on Iran and the resulting disruption in global supply chains, are confronting a strategic dilemma.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>美國的盟友們正在應對因華盛頓對伊朗的軍事打擊及其導致的全球供應鏈中斷而引發的能源成本飆升，面臨着戰略困境。</p>
</div><p>The crisis has highlighted the need to move away from volatile fossil fuel markets.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>這場危機突顯了擺脱不穩定化石燃料市場的必要性。</p>
</div><p>However, it has also exposed a new risk, as energy security increasingly depends on China, a dominant player in clean technology and critical minerals.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>然而，它也暴露出一種新的風險，因為能源安全越來越依賴於中國，而中國在清潔技術和關鍵礦產方面佔據主導地位。</p>
</div><h2>War-driven energy crisis accelerates clean transition</h2>
<div class="lb-trans"><h2>戰爭驅動的能源危機加速清潔轉型</h2>
</div><p>From the European Union and the United Kingdom to South Korea and the Philippines, governments have responded to the spike in oil and gas prices with renewed calls to accelerate electrification and expand clean energy infrastructure.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>從歐盟和英國到韓國和菲律賓，各國政府對油氣價格的飆升作出了回應，重新呼籲加速電氣化和擴展清潔能源基礎設施。</p>
</div><p>The immediate trigger has been the disruption in energy flows following the effective blockage of the Strait of Hormuz, a chokepoint for global oil and liquefied natural gas shipments.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>直接的觸發因素是霍爾木茲海峽的能源流動中斷，這是全球石油和液化天然氣運輸的一個關鍵節點。</p>
</div><p>Nations heavily dependent on Middle Eastern energy imports have scrambled to contain the fallout, adopting short-term conservation measures while fast-tracking long-term energy transition plans.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>嚴重依賴中東能源進口的國家急於控制後果，採取短期節能措施，同時加快長期能源轉型計劃。</p>
</div><p>Solar and wind installations, battery storage systems, and electric vehicle adoption are being pushed to the forefront of policy agendas.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>太陽能和風能裝置、電池儲存系統以及電動汽車的採用被推到了政策議程的前沿。</p>
</div><p>Governments see domestically generated renewable energy and nuclear power as the most viable way to shield their economies from the geopolitical volatility that has long defined fossil fuel markets.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>各國政府將國內生產的可再生能源和核能視為保護其經濟免受長期以來定義化石燃料市場的地緣政治波動的最可行方式。</p>
</div><h2>China’s dominance looms over decarbonisation push</h2>
<div class="lb-trans"><h2>中國的主導地位籠罩着脱碳推動</h2>
</div><p>However, the shift toward clean energy comes with a significant caveat.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>然而，向清潔能源的轉型伴隨着一個重要的警告。</p>
</div><p>The faster countries attempt to decarbonise, the more they risk deepening their dependence on China.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>各國越快嘗試脱碳，就越有可能加深對中國的依賴。</p>
</div><p>Beijing commands an overwhelming share of the global supply chain for clean technologies.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>北京在全球清潔技術供應鏈中佔據壓倒性份額。</p>
</div><p>It produces nearly 80% of the world’s solar panels and dominates the manufacturing of critical components such as wafers and cells, according to the International Energy Agency.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>根據國際能源署的數據，中國生產了近 80% 的全球太陽能電池板，並主導了晶圓和電池等關鍵組件的製造。</p>
</div><p>Its footprint extends across batteries, electric vehicles, and grid infrastructure.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>其足跡遍及電池、電動汽車和電網基礎設施。</p>
</div><p>Even in wind turbines, where Europe retains a foothold, China still controls around 60 percent of output.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>即使在風力渦輪機領域，儘管歐洲仍保有一席之地，中國仍控制着約 60% 的產量。</p>
</div><p>“China is the clear winner,” said David M. Hart, a senior fellow for climate and energy at the Council on Foreign Relations.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>“中國是明顯的贏家，” 外交關係委員會氣候與能源高級研究員大衞·M·哈特表示。</p>
</div><p>He noted that Beijing’s advantage goes beyond individual industries, encompassing broader manufacturing ecosystems and next-generation energy technologies.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>他指出，北京的優勢不僅限於單個行業，還涵蓋了更廣泛的製造生態系統和下一代能源技術。</p>
</div><h2>Critical minerals tighten Beijing’s grip</h2>
<div class="lb-trans"><h2>關鍵礦產加緊北京的控制</h2>
</div><p>Beyond manufacturing, China’s dominance extends into the upstream supply of critical minerals essential for the energy transition.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>除了製造業，中國的主導地位還擴展到能源轉型所需的關鍵礦產的上游供應。</p>
</div><p>The country refines roughly 90% of the world’s rare earth elements, which are vital for wind turbines and electric vehicles, and processes a majority share of lithium, cobalt, and other battery metals.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>該國精煉了全球約 90% 的稀土元素，這些元素對風力渦輪機和電動汽車至關重要，並處理了大部分鋰、鈷和其他電池金屬。</p>
</div><p>This control gives Beijing significant leverage over global supply chains.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>這種控制使北京在全球供應鏈中擁有了顯著的槓桿作用。</p>
</div><p>Last year, China imposed export restrictions on several rare earths in response to US tariffs, highlighting the geopolitical risks embedded in the clean energy transition.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>去年，中國對幾種稀土實施了出口限制，以回應美國的關税，突顯了清潔能源轉型中潛藏的地緣政治風險。</p>
</div><p>At the same time, concerns have emerged over cybersecurity and infrastructure vulnerabilities linked to Chinese-made components.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>與此同時，關於與中國製造的組件相關的網絡安全和基礎設施脆弱性的擔憂也浮出水面。</p>
</div><p>Reports of unexplained communication devices in solar equipment have further amplified unease among policymakers.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>關於太陽能設備中出現無法解釋的通信設備的報告進一步加劇了政策制定者的憂慮。</p>
</div><h2>Philippines exemplifies immediate impact</h2>
<div class="lb-trans"><h2>菲律賓 exemplifies immediate impact</h2>
</div><p>The Philippines offers a stark example of how the crisis is reshaping energy policy.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>菲律賓是危機如何重塑能源政策的一個鮮明例子。</p>
</div><p>With approximately 98% of its oil imported from the Middle East, the country was among the first to declare an energy emergency following the disruption.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>該國約 98% 的石油依賴中東進口，在中斷後成為首批宣佈能源緊急狀態的國家之一。</p>
</div><p>Authorities introduced a four-day work week to curb consumption and have moved quickly to accelerate renewable energy projects.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>當局推出了四天工作周以抑制消費，並迅速加快可再生能源項目的推進。</p>
</div><p>Developers report that regulatory approvals, which previously took months, are now being granted within days.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>開發商報告稱，之前需要幾個月的監管審批現在在幾天內就能獲得。</p>
</div><p>“This is not theory — this is actually happening on the ground now,” said Rahul Agrawal, the developer of one of the largest projects in a WSJ report.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>“這不是理論——這實際上正在地面上發生，” 開發商拉胡爾·阿格拉瓦爾在《華爾街日報》的一篇報道中表示。</p>
</div><p>Yet the pivot toward renewables is likely to increase Manila’s reliance on Chinese technology, even as tensions persist between the two countries over territorial disputes in the South China Sea.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>然而，向可再生能源的轉型可能會增加馬尼拉對中國技術的依賴，即使兩國在南海的領土爭端中緊張關係依然存在。</p>
</div><h2>Countries seek closer engagement with Beijing</h2>
<div class="lb-trans"><h2>各國尋求與北京更緊密的接觸</h2>
</div><p>Despite strategic concerns, countries are increasingly engaging with China to secure access to clean technologies and raw materials.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>儘管存在戰略擔憂，各國正越來越多地與中國接觸，以確保獲得清潔技術和原材料。</p>
</div><p>European leaders have been particularly active.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>歐洲領導人尤其活躍。</p>
</div><p>Germany’s economy minister is expected to visit Beijing soon, following recent trips by the country’s chancellor and environment minister aimed at strengthening economic ties.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>德國經濟部長預計將很快訪問北京，此前該國總理和環境部長也進行了旨在加強經濟聯繫的訪問。</p>
</div><p>Spain’s Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez has made multiple visits in recent years to secure critical resources.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>西班牙首相佩德羅·桑切斯近年來多次訪問以確保關鍵資源。</p>
</div><p>Leaders from Canada, Finland, Ireland, and the United Kingdom have also sought closer engagement, while non-Western nations are following suit.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>來自加拿大、芬蘭、愛爾蘭和英國的領導人也尋求更緊密的接觸，而非西方國家也在效仿。</p>
</div><p>An Indian business delegation recently explored green energy partnerships in China, and the United Arab Emirates has discussed deeper cooperation on energy with Beijing.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>一個印度商業代表團最近在中國探索綠色能源合作，而阿聯酋也與北京討論了更深層次的能源合作。</p>
</div><p>Even countries under economic pressure, such as Cuba, have turned to Chinese solar technology to offset supply constraints.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>即使是面臨經濟壓力的國家，如古巴，也轉向中國的太陽能技術以緩解供應限制。</p>
</div><h2>Protectionism rises amid industrial fears</h2>
<div class="lb-trans"><h2>保護主義在工業擔憂中上升</h2>
</div><p>At the same time, governments are attempting to balance access to Chinese technology with the need to protect domestic industries.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>與此同時，各國政府試圖在獲得中國技術的同時保護國內產業。</p>
</div><p>The European Union has introduced tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles and steel, while the United States has imposed a 100% tariff on Chinese EV imports.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>歐盟對中國電動汽車和鋼鐵徵收了關税，而美國對中國電動汽車進口徵收了 100% 的關税。</p>
</div><p>Several Asian economies have adopted similar measures or introduced local content requirements.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>一些亞洲經濟體也採取了類似措施或引入了本地內容要求。</p>
</div><p>New industrial policies in Europe aim to ensure that a portion of demand for green technologies is met through domestic production by 2030.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>歐洲的新工業政策旨在確保到 2030 年，綠色技術的部分需求通過國內生產來滿足。</p>
</div><p>Proposals under discussion include caps on foreign investment from countries that dominate global manufacturing in clean technologies.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>正在討論的提案包括對主導清潔技術全球製造的國家的外國投資設定上限。</p>
</div><p>The United Kingdom has also taken a cautious approach, blocking a Chinese firm from building a major wind turbine factory over national security concerns.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>英國也採取了謹慎的態度，因國家安全擔憂而阻止一家中國公司在其境內建設大型風力渦輪機工廠。</p>
</div><h2>Trade-offs threaten pace of transition</h2>
<div class="lb-trans"><h2>權衡取捨威脅轉型速度</h2>
</div><p>These protective measures come with economic trade-offs.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>這些保護措施伴隨着經濟上的權衡。</p>
</div><p>Domestic production tends to be more expensive than importing Chinese goods, potentially slowing the rollout of clean energy infrastructure.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>國內生產往往比進口中國商品更昂貴，這可能會減緩清潔能源基礎設施的推廣。</p>
</div><p>“If you tilt too much towards domestic production, that might come at the expense of the speed of decarbonisation,” said Simone Tagliapietra, a senior fellow at Brussels-based think tank Bruegel in a Politico report.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>“如果過於傾向於國內生產，可能會以減碳速度為代價，” 布魯塞爾智庫 Bruegel 的高級研究員西蒙娜·塔利亞皮特拉在《政治家》報道中表示。</p>
</div><p>The dilemma underscores a broader reality: achieving a rapid energy transition without some degree of reliance on China is proving exceedingly difficult.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>這一困境凸顯了一個更廣泛的現實：在沒有一定程度依賴中國的情況下，實現快速的能源轉型正變得極為困難。</p>
</div><h2>Climate gains offset by short-term emissions risks</h2>
<div class="lb-trans"><h2>氣候收益被短期排放風險抵消</h2>
</div><p>In the long term, the global diffusion of China’s clean energy technologies is expected to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>從長遠來看，中國清潔能源技術的全球傳播預計將減少温室氣體排放。</p>
</div><p>Electric vehicles and renewable power systems offer clear advantages over fossil fuel-based alternatives.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>電動汽車和可再生能源系統相較於基於化石燃料的替代品具有明顯優勢。</p>
</div><p>However, the near-term outlook is more complex.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>然而，近期前景更加複雜。</p>
</div><p>Rising electricity demand driven by electrification could increase reliance on coal, particularly in China, where coal still plays a central role in power generation and industrial activity.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>由於電氣化驅動的電力需求上升，可能會增加對煤炭的依賴，尤其是在中國，煤炭在發電和工業活動中仍然扮演着核心角色。</p>
</div><p>Meanwhile, the conflict has disrupted another key pathway for emissions reduction.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>與此同時，衝突擾亂了另一個關鍵的減排途徑。</p>
</div><p>The shift from coal to liquefied natural gas, once seen as a transitional solution, is likely to slow significantly.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>從煤炭轉向液化天然氣，曾被視為過渡解決方案，可能會顯著放緩。</p>
</div><p>Damage to LNG infrastructure in Qatar could take years to repair, while the psychological impact of supply disruptions may linger even longer.</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>卡塔爾液化天然氣基礎設施的損壞可能需要數年才能修復，而供應中斷的心理影響可能會持續更久。</p>
</div><p>The post How the energy crisis from Iran war is boosting China’s edge in global clean tech appeared first on Invezz</p>
<div class="lb-trans"><p>這篇文章的標題為《伊朗戰爭引發的能源危機如何提升中國在全球清潔技術中的優勢》，首次出現在 Invezz 上。</p>
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伊朗戰爭引發的能源危機如何增強了中國在全球清潔技術領域的競爭優勢