本文介绍了港股轮证的基础知识,涵盖窝轮、牛熊证、界内证三大类产品的命名规则、生命周期、通用行情指标及特有参数,帮助投资者理解轮证交易的核心机制与风险特征。
港股轮证分为以下三种大类,其中,窝轮和牛熊证有方向的,界内证无方向。
轮证类型 | 方向 | 名称示例 | 命名规则 |
窝轮: 衍生权证 Warrant | 看涨 | QQZZ 年月购 A | QQ - 相关资产 ZZ - 发行商 年 - 到期年份 月 - 到期月份。 1 月至 10 月将以中国数字(一、二…十)代表;11 月及 12 月分别以「甲」及「乙」代表
购 - 认购证 沽 - 认沽证 非认购或认沽证( )
牛 - 牛证(牛) 熊 - 熊证(熊) 界 = 界内证 A - 同一发行商就同一相关资产再发行同一到期年月的衍生权证,以显示系列编号(A,B,C…) * - 以人民币买卖的衍生权证之代表符号 窝轮 QQZZ 年月 A* 牛熊 QQZZ 月牛 A* |
| 看跌 | QQZZ 年月沽 A | ||
牛熊证: CBBC for Callable Bull-Bear Contracts | 看涨 | QQZZ 年月牛 A | |
| 看跌 | QQZZ 年月熊 A | ||
界内证: Inline Warrant | 区间价格 | QQZZ 年月界 A |
类似普通股票,轮证也会有等待上市、正常交易、终止交易的流程。
街货量:指市场上由其他投资者持有的轮证数量。
街货比:指市场上由其他投资者持有的轮证占轮证总发行量的比例。
换股比率是指,多少单位的轮证可以换 1 股正股,兑换时对应正股的价格,称为换股价。
指投资者以现价买入某轮证并持有至到期时,正股需要上升或下跌多少才能使这笔投资保本。溢价越小,赢的机会就越大。
指当投资者买入并持有轮证到期之前,正股需要涨/跌到多少价格,投资者才可以盈亏平衡。
杠杆比率是用来衡量投资者买入轮证的价格与正股的市价之比,杠杆比率越高,盈利时的比例或亏损的风险也越大。
窝轮在结构上类似期权,引申波幅是指将窝轮价格带入期权定价模型(一般用 BS 定价模型)中,反推得到正股的隐含波动性。
对冲值也称 Delta,公式:Delta =(轮证价格变化 * 换股比率)/ 正股。认购证对冲值由 0 至 1,认沽证对冲值由 -1 至 0,窝轮越价外,对冲值越接近 0。
使用中,仅看轮证的杠杆比例可能并不能实际反映杠杆情况,有效杠杆是反映正股价格每变动 1%,窝轮价格的有效理论变幅,与对冲值有关。
公式:有效杠杆 = 对冲值 x 正股价格 / (轮证价格 x 换股比率)
与其他两种轮证不同,牛熊证具有回收机制。当正股价格触及收回价,牛熊证将立刻停止交易作废。
距收回价衡量了与正股现价之间的百分比。公式:距收回价 =(正股最新价 - 收回价)/ 收回价×100%
关键要点:
本文仅供参考,不构成任何投资建议。
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